Environmental monitoring and fuzzy synthetic evaluation of municipal solid waste transfer stations in Beijing in 2001-2006

Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW TSs.Discharged wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results of...

Radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren bone-coal power station

The radioactivity level of the ambient environment of Anren Bone-coal Power Station (BCPS) was investigated systematically. The γ radiation dose rate level in the environment, the content of 238U and 226Ra in the ambient soil and the farmland in the direction of downwind, the concentrations of 238U. 232Th. 226Ra 40K and 222Rn as well as α potential energy in air, and the concentrations of natural U and Th in effluent are all higher than the corresponding values of the reference site. The additional annual effective dose equivalent to the residents living in the houses made of bone-coal cinder brick is 2.7 mSv.

Environmental impact of electromagnetic radiation from the 10kWmedium wave transmitter of Weihai Broadcasting Station

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Assessing the Impact of Petrol Service Stations on Selected Physico-Chemical Water Quality Parameters within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

This study assessed the impact of petrol service stations on physico-chemical water quality in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. This threw light on the extent of damage and alteration of water quality in Port Harcourt metropolis as a result of the proliferation of petrol service stations especially the condition of ground and nearby surface water. This serves as a useful tool to government and regulatory authorities for planning especially due to lack of central water supply system in Port Harcourt metropolis. The parameters studied were sampled, measured and analyzed using in situ and other standard methods. Remarkable results above permissible limits of interest for physicochemical parameter analysis revealed pH values from 4.6 to 6.8, electrical conductivity from 0.002 µS/cm to 0.42 µS/cm, salinity from 3 ppm to 4050 ppm, and temperatures from 19.9˚C to 32.6˚C. Total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 7 ppm to 1000 ppm, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 0.167 mg/L to 2.167 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 0.257 mg/L to 3.253 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from 1.70 mg/L to 4.30 mg/L. Specifically, water samples from NNPC Filling Station (Choba) and Eneka Pond displayed “Poor” water quality with WQI values of 112.003 and 112.076, respectively. Similarly, ALLTEC Filling Station (Eneka) and TOTAL Filling Station (Rumuomasi) had “Poor” water quality with WQI values of 173.707 and 180.946, respectively. In contrast, Excelsis Filling Station (Akpajo) demonstrated “Good” water quality with a WQI of 85.2072, while Total Filling Stations (Slaughter) and Choba River revealed “unsuitable for drinking” water quality with WQI values of 552.461 and 654.601, respectively. Slaughter River also indicated very poor water quality with a WQI of 442.024. The physicochemical and nutrient analyses of the water samples showed that activities of the filling stations within the study area may have polluted groundwater in the environment posing poor aesthetics and great health risk to consumers of the water bodies. The findings underscore the need for immediate remediation efforts and stricter regulatory measures to protect water quality. The study concluded that surface and groundwater near petrol service stations in Port Harcourt are unfit for drinking and irrigation purposes without adequate treatment.

Strategic Placement of Charging Stations for Enhanced Electric Vehicle Adoption in San Diego, California

California mandated that 100% of vehicles sold must be electric by 2035. As electric vehicles (EVs) reach a higher penetration of the car sector, cities will need to provide publicly accessible charging stations to meet the charging demand of people who do not have access to a private charging spot like a personal garage. We have chosen to limit our scope to San Diego County due to its non-trivial size, well-defined shape, and dependence on personal vehicles;this project models 100% of current vehicles as electric, roughly 2.5 million. By planning for the future, our model becomes more useful as well as more equitable. We anticipate that our model will find locations that can service multiple population centers, while also maximizing distance to other stations. Sensitivity analysis and testing of our algorithms are conducted for Coronado Island, an island with 24,697 residents. Our formulation is then scaled to set the parameters for the whole county.

Impact Analysis of Electromagnetic Radiation from Communication Stations

[Objective] The study aims to analyze the effects of electromagnetic radiation from the communication stations on on surrounding environment. [ Method] The electromagnetic field intensity of the environment around communication stations was detected firstly, and then the impact of electromagnetic radiation from the communication stations on surrounding environment was analyzed, finally a series of countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to prevent electromagnetic radiation pollution. [ Result] The comprehensive electromagnetic field intensity of the environ- ment around mobile stations has positive correlation with the number of transmitting and receiving antennas. In addition, the comprehensive electro- magnetic field intensity is higher at high points compared with that at low points, showing that the comprehensive electromagnetic field intensity is positively correlated with point height. [ Conclusion] The research is of important significance to environmental protection and public health.

Phytoplankton community structure and environmental parameters in aquaculture areas of Daya Bay,South China Sea

Environmental characteristics and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in two aquaculture areas in Dapeng Cove of Daya Bay, South China Sea, between April 2005 and June 2006. Phytoplankton abundance ranged between 5.0 and 8877.5 cells/mL, with an average of 751.8 cells/mL. The seasonal cycle of phytoplankton were demonstrated by frequent oscillations, with recurrent high abundances from late spring to autumn and a peak stage in late winter. Diatoms were the predominant phytoplankton group, accounting for 93.21% of the total abundance. The next most abundant group was the dinoflagellates, which made up only 1.24% of total abundance. High concentrations of Alexandrium tamarense （Lebour） Balech with a maximum of 603.0 cells/mL were firstly recorded in this area known for high rates of paralytic shellfish poisoning （PSP） contamination. Temperatures and salinities were within the suitable values for the growth of phytoplankton, and were important in phytoplankton seasonal fluctuations. The operation of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station （DNPS） exerts influences on the phytoplankton community and resulted in the high abundances of toxic dinoflagellate species during the winter months. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were sufficient, and rarely limited for the growth of phytoplankton. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） was the most necessary element for phytoplankton growth. The enriched environments accelerated the growth of small diatoms, and made for the shift in predominant species from large diatom Rhizosolenia spp. to chain-forming diatoms such as Skeletonema costatum, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassiosira subtilis.

空间站舱内微量有害气体状态评价和流转分析

文章聚焦于中国空间站长期在轨运行中微量有害气体的整体状态和控制情况,阐述了微量有害气体随舱内物质循环向冷凝水回收净化以及CO_(2)去除和还原等环节流转的规律。通过在轨状态分析、地面比对评估试验结果和流转特性分析,说明中国空间站各净化系统对舱内微量污染物成分进行了有效控制,舱内空气中微量有害气体浓度保持在较低水平。研究旨在为后续微量有害气体净化环节的运行和监测提供指导。

基于建筑环境心理学理讼的地铁空间艺术化营造

[目的]地铁站的空间体量、布局、形状、尺度及环境艺术氛围的营造,对于乘客的心理和感触效应有较大影响。为提升乘客满意度,升华建筑功能,同时体现出对使用者感官和精神的尊重,需要基于建筑环境心理学对地铁空间艺术化营造进行探究。[方法]从建筑环境心理学角度分析了地铁站地下空间的特点及地铁空间艺术化营造的需求。以乘客对传统车站空间环境品质的真实体验为视角,从地铁空间形态优化、室内外空间互联互通、车站光营造、环境色彩、感官营造等方面,结合实际设计案例,对地铁空间艺术化营造的功能空间及实际效果进行研究。[结果及结论]地铁站内部及外部空间艺术化营造的设计手法,需充分发挥多学科研究优势,重视人与地铁空间环境的互动,建设符合时代要求的“以人为本”的轨道交通建筑。

新时期航天器环境工程面临的挑战与机遇

空间事业的发展对航天器环境工程提出了新挑战,同时也为该专业技术进步和领域延展提供了难得的机遇。近10年来,伴随着载人航天、深空探测等一系列重大航天工程的顺利实施,中国航天器环境工程领域在诸多方面取得了长足进步。文章回顾了中国航天器环境工程的发展历程,围绕中国空间站长期运行、深空探测新任务、低轨巨型星座建设等提出的新需求,分析了航天器环境工程将面对的挑战和必须突破的关键技术。结合具体工作内容介绍了北京卫星环境工程研究所在LEO辐射环境在轨探测与数据应用、特殊空间环境效应与防护、火星探测器特殊力热环境试验技术和航天器产品环境试验ISO标准等方面取得的最新进展。在建设航天强国的过程中,航天器环境工程必将伴随着航天器整体技术的升级实现更高水平的跃迁。

城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑设计方法研究

为了降低城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑的全年总能耗占比,提出一种绿色建筑设计方法,包括采光设计、节地设计和环保设计。采光设计运用技术引入自然光,并通过手动照明补偿不足;节地设计采用垂直布局减少占地面积;环保设计利用BIM技术实现高质量环保建筑。实验结果表明,该设计方法可将年度总能耗占比降至83.2%,满足预期标准,优化了城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑的设计方法,为绿色建筑的可持续发展提供了新思路。

抽水蓄能电站建设及运营对地下水环境影响研究——以陕西大庄里抽水蓄能电站为例

抽水蓄能电站以其可持续性和高效性的调峰、调频、调相及事故备用电站,是中国电网系统中的关键一环,其对地下水环境影响一直是建设发展的重点和难点。为探究抽水蓄能电站建设运营对地下水环境的影响,以陕西省抽水蓄能规划“十四五”重点实施项目大庄里抽水蓄能电站为工程实例,分析讨论抽水蓄能电站的建设及运营对地下水环境影响,通过分析区域水文地质条件,结合压水试验和水质分析,开展场地地下水环境评价,结合渗流场模拟,预测建设期和运营期地下水环境影响,提出相应的环境保护措施。结果表明:工程建设期及运营期对地下水环境的影响主要体现在地下水位的下降。上水库地下水埋深浅,水量不丰,库岸开挖将改变地下水的排泄条件,库周地下水位会发生10 m以内的小幅度下降;输水系统建设开挖将改变天然渗流场状态,导致沿线整体水位下降,局部降幅可达78 m;下水库坝、库地下水位埋深差异大,地下水坡降约为30%,开挖易于破碎花岗岩体处形成局部渗流和地下水排泄。研究成果对其他抽水蓄能电站地下水环境影响评价工作具有指导意义。

抽水蓄能电站输水管道区域环境振动分析及减振措施

为了探讨抽水蓄能电站输水管道区域环境振动的问题,结合实际工程的环境振动监测资料,采用Midas-GTS软件分析抽水蓄能电站输水管道区域环境在不同工况下的振动影响,并提出合理的减振措施。研究结果表明:库区上游靠近机组的区域环境振动分贝值均大于库区下游,库区下游靠近居民区的环境振动分贝值均大于居民区环境振动标准值,且严重影响居民的正常生活。由于抽水蓄能电站区域环境振源复杂,填充沟措施效果显著,且易施工,对类似的抽水蓄能电站工程具有一定的借鉴意义。

地铁车站内环境质量综合评价方法——以西安地铁车站为例

建立了目标层、准则层和方案层三级综合评价指标体系,利用层次分析法、熵值法分别确定了各评价指标的主、客观权重。依据最小相对熵原理得到了主客观综合最优权重,并将其与模糊综合评价法相结合,提出了地铁车站内环境质量综合评价方法。以西安地铁5号线的某车站为调研实例,乘客和工作人员对站内环境质量的评价等级均为较好。

地铁站办公区细颗粒物之金属特性分析及工作人员健康暴露水平分析

为了研究地铁站办公区PM_(2.5)的特征和工作人员的暴露水平,选择3种不同类型的地铁站进行采样和分析。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP MS)分析PM_(2.5)样本中的22种元素,利用微环境模型对地铁站工作人员的PM_(2.5)及元素质量浓度暴露水平进行评估,并与普通室内工作人员进行对比。结果显示,办公区PM_(2.5)质量浓度普遍高于室外,超过了世界卫生组织给出的指导值。办公区PM_(2.5)金属元素富集明显,地铁工作人员每天暴露于Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Co等金属元素的日暴露剂量明显高于普通室内工作人员,地铁站办公区的空气质量应引起关注。

小型水电站开发和生态环境保护协调发展的问题探讨——以叶尔羌河小水电站为例

新疆位于中国西部,因其丰富的自然资源和特殊的生态环境而闻名。但是,该地区也面临着水资源短缺的严重问题。随着经济的发展和人口的增长,水资源的缺乏已成为制约新疆可持续发展的关键因素。特殊的内陆气候和地理位置使得水资源与生态保护之间的矛盾愈发激烈,进一步影响着生态稳定和经济进步。

月球科研站关键区域智能选址及其典型环境要素分析

为服务未来国际月球科研站(ILRS)任务,搜索到符合科学目标和工程安全要求的探测区域,开展了着陆探测智能选址,以及着陆区典型要素和巡视可达性的综合分析。在着陆选址方面,基于1D-CNN选址模型在南极Scott M的西南侧遴选并划定了4个预选着陆区;针对着陆区关键要素,对实时光照和辐射、物理温度剖面、水冰赋存等环境特征进行了遥感探测与精细分析;针对巡视可达评估,采用顾及能量耗费的路径规划模型,评估预选着陆区中心点至潜在水冰点的巡视可达性。结果表明,预选着陆区均满足着陆适宜性,具有地形安全性高、供能高等特征。该研究的综合分析方法也可用于评估其他潜在着陆区的典型环境特征,为ILRS的着陆选址和科学目标巡视探测提供有益参考。

三线平行地铁车站振动及传播规律实测研究

【目的】研究三线平行地铁进出站引起的地铁车站的振动特性。【方法】以国内某城市三线平行换乘地铁车站为研究对象,基于现场实测数据分析该车站振动特性及传播规律。【结果】受线路建成及运营影响,该车站内各站台振动响应差异较大,进站工况下,站台1,站台2和C线站台平均Z振级分别为81.9,91.4,61.7 dB;站台1和站台2振动主要频段为75~125 Hz。出站工况下,3个站台的平均Z振级分别为82.7,93.8,63.7 dB;站台1和站台2的振动主要频段为50~100 Hz。C线站台振动响应在两种工况下均集中在50~60 Hz内。【结论】在车站内多数测点均可发现出站工况下振动大于进站工况,最大差值约2.5 d B。车致振动传递至地面一层后会先产生一定衰减,传递至地面二层时则会产生放大,振动放大约3.6~5 dB。车致振动在该车站建筑内的传递所产生的衰减较小,振动衰减主要依靠的是土层,振动衰减量约为0.53 d B/m。研究成果可为类似结构、平行接入多条线路的地铁车站及车站上盖建筑的振动预测、振动舒适度评价及减振设计提供参考依据。

基于现场监测的“深海一号”能源站在役动力响应状态评估

海洋浮式平台面临台风等复杂的海洋环境条件,准确掌握浮式平台在役动力学状态,对保障平台在役安全具有重要意义。以半潜式平台——“深海一号”能源站为例,开展了环境特征和平台服役动力响应状态评估。基于现场风、浪、流环境监测数据,发现实测风速极值在0~5年回归周期内大于设计条件,5年及以上回归周期则小于设计条件;实测波高频率成分变化显著,固定波浪参数的设计环境条件难以反映波浪的时变特征;实测海流剖面各层流向不同,与传统均匀流、剪切流或梯度流的设计环境条件形式均不一致。进一步通过波浪荷载时频拟合方法,建立了在役浮式平台完整环境荷载矢量时程,通过全耦合动力学计算发现,相同环境条件下设计数值模型的平台运动幅值大于平台真实运动,其原因在于上部设施变动等因素导致了浮式平台的物理参数发生了改变。研究实现了对半潜式平台服役状态的有效评估,证明了“深海一号”能源站设计的安全性和合理性。研究结果为在役浮式平台现场安全保障运维提供了依据,并为未来浮式平台设计优化提供了参考。

5G通信基站环境保护现状调查与探讨

本次调查的目的是掌握5G基站环境保护工作现状、电磁辐射水平,了解当前5G基站建设中存在的问题以及环境保护管理上面临的痛点和难点。以黔东南州为样本,监测和调查分析了5G环境保护工作现状。调查发现,5G基站的电磁辐射贡献总体比2G、3G和4G的总体贡献小。在调查基础上,从统筹好环境保护与经济发展的角度,在5G基站的规划、标准制定、区域控制等方面提出对策和工作建议,为5G基站的科学规划建设奠定基础。