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Impact of Pollutant Concentration and Particle Deposition on the Radiative Flow of Casson-Micropolar Fluid between Parallel Plates
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作者 Ghaliah Alhamzi Badr Saad T.Alkahtani +2 位作者 Ravi Shanker Dubey Vinutha Kalleshachar Neelima Nizampatnam 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2025年第1期665-690,共26页
Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing po... Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters. 展开更多
关键词 Micropolar fluid thermal radiation porous medium thermophoretic particle deposition waste discharge concentration
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Convolutional Graph Neural Network with Novel Loss Strategies for Daily Temperature and Precipitation Statistical Downscaling over South China
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作者 Wenjie YAN Shengjun LIU +6 位作者 Yulin ZOU Xinru LIU Diyao WEN Yamin HU Dangfu YANG Jiehong XIE Liang ZHAO 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 2025年第1期232-247,共16页
Traditional meteorological downscaling methods face limitations due to the complex distribution of meteorological variables,which can lead to unstable forecasting results,especially in extreme scenarios.To overcome th... Traditional meteorological downscaling methods face limitations due to the complex distribution of meteorological variables,which can lead to unstable forecasting results,especially in extreme scenarios.To overcome this issue,we propose a convolutional graph neural network(CGNN)model,which we enhance with multilayer feature fusion and a squeeze-and-excitation block.Additionally,we introduce a spatially balanced mean squared error(SBMSE)loss function to address the imbalanced distribution and spatial variability of meteorological variables.The CGNN is capable of extracting essential spatial features and aggregating them from a global perspective,thereby improving the accuracy of prediction and enhancing the model's generalization ability.Based on the experimental results,CGNN has certain advantages in terms of bias distribution,exhibiting a smaller variance.When it comes to precipitation,both UNet and AE also demonstrate relatively small biases.As for temperature,AE and CNNdense perform outstandingly during the winter.The time correlation coefficients show an improvement of at least 10%at daily and monthly scales for both temperature and precipitation.Furthermore,the SBMSE loss function displays an advantage over existing loss functions in predicting the98th percentile and identifying areas where extreme events occur.However,the SBMSE tends to overestimate the distribution of extreme precipitation,which may be due to the theoretical assumptions about the posterior distribution of data that partially limit the effectiveness of the loss function.In future work,we will further optimize the SBMSE to improve prediction accuracy. 展开更多
关键词 statistical downscaling convolutional graph neural network feature processing SBMSE loss function
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Application of Statistical Distribution of PM_(10) Concentration in Air Quality Management in 5 Representative Cities of China 被引量:3
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作者 WANG Xi CHEN Ren Jie +1 位作者 CHEN Bing Heng KAN Hai Dong 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第8期638-646,共9页
Objective To estimate the frequency of daily average PM10 concentrations exceeding the air quality standard (AQS) and the reduction of particulate matter emission to meet the AQS from the statistical properties (pr... Objective To estimate the frequency of daily average PM10 concentrations exceeding the air quality standard (AQS) and the reduction of particulate matter emission to meet the AQS from the statistical properties (probability density functions) of air pollutant concentration. Methods The daily PM10 average concentration in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and Xi'an was measured from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008. The PM10 concentration distribution was simulated by using the Iognormal, Weibull and Gamma distributions and the best statistical distribution of PM10 concentration in the 5 cities was detected using to the maximum likelihood method. Results The daily PM10 average concentration in the 5 cities was fitted using the Iognormal distribution. The exceeding duration was predicted, and the estimated PMlo emission source reductions in the 5 cities need to be 56.58%, 93.40%, 80.17%, 82.40%, and 79.80%, respectively to meet the AO, S. Conclusion Air pollutant concentration can be predicted by using the PM10 concentration distribution, which can be further applied in air quality management and related policy making. 展开更多
关键词 statistical distribution PM10 concentration LOGNORMAL
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Study on Statistical Forecast Method for O_3 Concentration near the Ground in Pudong District of Shanghai Based on Meteorological Condition Analysis 被引量:1
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作者 MA Jing-hui MA Lei-ming +3 位作者 GENG Fu-hai TAN Jian-guo GAO Wei ZHOU Wei-dong 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2012年第12期54-59,67,共7页
[Objective] The research aimed to study statistical forecast method for O3 concentration near the ground in Pudong District of Shanghai based on meteorological condition analysis. [Method] Via observation and statisti... [Objective] The research aimed to study statistical forecast method for O3 concentration near the ground in Pudong District of Shanghai based on meteorological condition analysis. [Method] Via observation and statistical analysis of the O3 concentration near the ground in Pudong District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2008, by considering meteorological condition, a kind of simple and practical new method suiting for forecast of the O3 concentration and pre-warning of the high-concentration O3 pollution event in whole year was established. [Result] Meteorological condition had obvious influence on O3 concentration near the ground. O3 concentration was the biggest in sunny day, followed by cloudy day. O3 concentration near the ground had typical seasonal change characteristics, and high value mainly happened in summer. Meteorological condition generating high-concentration O3 included sunny day, strong UV radiation, low relative humidity, high temperature and small wind speed, etc. By surveying historical weather chart, 10 kinds of main weather situations affecting Shanghai were summed. Under each weather situation, occurrence probability of the high-concentration O3 near the ground and average O3 concentration were conducted statistics. We found that occurrence probability of the high-concentration O3 was the biggest under northwest side of the subtropical high type, followed by internal type of the subtropical high. By introducing HPPI and WDI and comprehensively considering various meteorological factors, forecasting equation of the O3 concentration was established based on stepwise regression. The equation had good fitting effect and predictability on the daily maximum O3 concentration. [Conclusion] The method also could provide reference for O3 forecast in other areas. 展开更多
关键词 O3 concentration Meteorological condition Weather situation FORECAST China
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Preliminary clinical application of an adaptive iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm inhead and neck computed tomography angiography with low tube voltage and a low concentration of contrast medium 被引量:1
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作者 Shan Hu Wenzhen Zhu +4 位作者 Daoyu Hu XiaoYan Meng Jinhua Zhang Weijia Wan Li Zhou 《Oncology and Translational Medicine》 CAS 2015年第4期171-176,共6页
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using a low concentration of contrast medium (Visipaque 270 mgl/mL), low tube voltage, and an advanced image reconstruction algorithm in head and neck computed tomography ang... Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using a low concentration of contrast medium (Visipaque 270 mgl/mL), low tube voltage, and an advanced image reconstruction algorithm in head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA). Methods Forty patients (22 men and 18 women; average age 48.7 ± 14.25 years; average body mass index 23.9 ± 3.7 kg/m^2) undergoing CTA for suspected vascular diseases were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A (n = 20) was administered 370 mgl/mL contrast medium, and group B (n = 20) was administered 270 mgl/mL contrast medium. Both groups were administered at a rate of 4.8 mL/s and an injection volume of 0.8 mL/kg. Images of group A were obtained with 120 kVp and filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction, whereas images of group B were obtained with 80 kVp and 80% adaptive iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm (ASiR). The CT values and standard deviations of intracranial arteries and image noise on the corona radiata were measured to calculate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The beam-hardening artifacts (BHAs) around the skull base were calculated. Two readers evaluated the image quality with volume rendered images using scores from 1 to 5. The values between the two groups were statistically compared. Results The mean CT value of the intracranial arteries in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P 〈 0.001). The CNR and SNR values in group B were also statistically higher than those in group A (P 〈 0.001). Image noise and BHAs were not significantly different between the two groups. The image quality score of VR images of in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P = 0.001). However, the quality scores of axial enhancement images in group B became significantly smaller than those in group A (P〈 0.001). The CT dose index volume and dose-length product were decreased by 63.8% and 64%, respectively, in group B (P 〈 0.001 for both). Conclusion Visipaque combined with 80 kVp and 80% ASiR provided similar image quality in intracranial CTA with 64% radiation dose reduction compared with the use of lopamidol, 120 kVp, and FBP reconstruc-tion. 展开更多
关键词 low concentration contrast medium head and neck computed tomography angiography adaptive iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm
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Statistical Analysis and Prediction of the Concentration of Harmful Algae in Bohai Bay 被引量:2
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作者 王洪礼 冯剑丰 +1 位作者 李胜朋 沈菲 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2005年第4期308-312,共5页
Based on the data of phytoplankton concentration and environmental factors in Bohai Bay from May to September in 2003. the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass was analyzed. By analysis... Based on the data of phytoplankton concentration and environmental factors in Bohai Bay from May to September in 2003. the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass was analyzed. By analysis of variance, the weather condition was found to have no direct relation with phytoplankton biomass. Correlation coefficients showed that temperature, pH value,the concentrations of silicate and nitrate exhibited linear relationship with phytoplankton biomass.With principal component analysis, pollution types which affected the abundance of phytoplankton included point sources such as municipal and industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and earth's surface water. Using multivariate stepwise regression method and taking the correlation analysis results into consideration, a multi-step regression equation was developed to predict the concentration of phytoplankton in September 2003. Combined results show that temperature, pH value, the concentrations of silicate and nitrate are the critical ecological factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass in Bohai Bay. 展开更多
关键词 harmful algae statistical analysis Bohai Bay environmental factor
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Statistical characteristics of chlorophyll-a concentration in Hong Kong's coastal waters
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作者 CHEN Xiaoling, Yok Sheung Li, LI Zhilin(1. Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China 2. National Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan Uni 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2002年第3期331-342,共12页
In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong's coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected ... In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong's coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a and its influencing factors. Cluster analysis was employed to group the monitoring stations based on the structure of the data set. Multiple step regression was employed to determine the significant influencing factors of chlorophyll-a level. The results suggest that all the monitoring stations could be grouped into two clusters. Cluster Ⅰ with frequent red tide incidents comprises two WCZs which are semi-enclosed bays. Cluster Ⅱ with less red tide occurrence comprises the other five WCZs in an estuarine environment in the west. For both clusters, the organic contents indicator, BODS, was a common significant influencing factor of the chlorophyll-a level. Nitrogen and light penetration condition related to turbidity, total volatile solids and suspended solids had more influence on the cholophyll-a level in Cluster Ⅰ than in Cluster Ⅱ, while phosphorus and oceanographic conditions associated with salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were more important in Cluster Ⅱ than in Cluster Ⅰ. Generally, there was a higher average chlorophyll-a level in winter and autumn in a year. The chlorophyll-a level was much higher in Cluster Ⅰ than in Cluster Ⅱ among all seasons. Although the chlorophyll-a concentration had great variations from place to place in Hong Kong's coastal waters, it seemed to have a common long term fluctuation period of 8-10 years with a high-low-high variation in the period in the whole region, which might be influenced by other factors of global scale. 展开更多
关键词 Hong Kong's coastal waters chlorophyll-a concentration spatial-temporal variations
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A Facile Li_(2)TiO_(3) Surface Modification to Improve the Structure Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Full Concentration Gradient Li-Rich Oxides 被引量:2
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作者 Naifang Hu Yuan Yang +5 位作者 Lin Li Yuhan Zhang Zhiwei Hu Lan Zhang Jun Ma Guanglei Cui 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期41-48,共8页
Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rat... Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rate performance,whereas the high lithium residues on its surface impairs the structure stability and long-term cycle performance.Herein,a facile multifunctional surface modification method is implemented to eliminate surface lithium residues of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides by a wet chemistry reaction with tetrabutyl titanate and the post-annealing process.It realizes not only a stable Li_(2)TiO_(3)coating layer with 3D diffusion channels for fast Li^(+)ions transfer,but also dopes partial Ti^(4+)ions into the sub-surface region of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides to further strengthen its crystal structure.Consequently,the modified full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides exhibit improved structure stability,elevated thermal stability with decomposition temperature from 289.57℃to 321.72℃,and enhanced cycle performance(205.1 mAh g^(-1)after 150 cycles)with slowed voltage drop(1.67 mV per cycle).This work proposes a facile and integrated modification method to enhance the comprehensive performance of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides,which can facilitate its practical application for developing higher energy density lithium-ion batteries. 展开更多
关键词 full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides structure stability surface modification
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Rheological properties and concentration evolution of thickened tailings under the coupling effect of compression and shear 被引量:1
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作者 Aixiang Wu Zhenqi Wang +3 位作者 Zhuen Ruan Raimund Bürger Shaoyong Wang Yi Mo 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期862-876,共15页
Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a key technology for green mining in metal mines,in which tailings thickening comprises the primary link of CPB technology.However,difficult flocculation and substandard concentrations o... Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a key technology for green mining in metal mines,in which tailings thickening comprises the primary link of CPB technology.However,difficult flocculation and substandard concentrations of thickened tailings often occur.The rheological properties and concentration evolution in the thickened tailings remain unclear.Moreover,traditional indoor thickening experiments have yet to quantitatively characterize their rheological properties.An experiment of flocculation condition optimization based on the Box-Behnken design(BBD)was performed in the study,and the two response values were investigated:concentration and the mean weighted chord length(MWCL)of flocs.Thus,optimal flocculation conditions were obtained.In addition,the rheological properties and concentration evolution of different flocculant dosages and ultrafine tailing contents under shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling experimental conditions were tested and compared.The results show that the shear yield stress under compression and compression-shear coupling increases with the growth of compressive yield stress,while the shear yield stress increases slightly under shear.The order of shear yield stress from low to high under different thickening conditions is shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling.Under compression and compression-shear coupling,the concentration first rapidly increases with the growth of compressive yield stress and then slowly increases,while concentration increases slightly under shear.The order of concentration from low to high under different thickening conditions is shear,compression,and compression-shear coupling.Finally,the evolution mechanism of the flocs and drainage channels during the thickening of the thickened tailings under different experimental conditions was revealed. 展开更多
关键词 thickened tailings compression-shear coupling compressive yield stress shear yield stress concentration
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Dynamics and genetic regulation of macronutrient concentrations during grain development in maize 被引量:1
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作者 Pengcheng Li Shuangyi Yin +7 位作者 Yunyun Wang Tianze Zhu Xinjie Zhu Minggang Ji Wenye Rui Houmiao Wang Chenwu Xu Zefeng Yang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期781-794,共14页
Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) are essential macronutrients that are crucial not only for maize growth and development, but also for crop yield and quality. The genetic basis of macronutrient dynamics an... Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) are essential macronutrients that are crucial not only for maize growth and development, but also for crop yield and quality. The genetic basis of macronutrient dynamics and accumulation during grain filling in maize remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated grain N, P, and K concentrations in 206 recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross of DH1M and T877 at six time points after pollination. We then calculated conditional phenotypic values at different time intervals to explore the dynamic characteristics of the N, P, and K concentrations. Abundant phenotypic variations were observed in the concentrations and net changes of these nutrients. Unconditional quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping revealed 41 non-redundant QTLs, including 17, 16, and 14 for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively. Conditional QTL mapping uncovered 39 non-redundant QTLs related to net changes in the N, P, and K concentrations. By combining QTL, gene expression, co-expression analysis, and comparative genomic data, we identified 44, 36, and 44 candidate genes for the N, P, and K concentrations, respectively, including GRMZM2G371058 encoding a Doftype zinc finger DNA-binding family protein, which was associated with the N concentration, and GRMZM2G113967encoding a CBL-interacting protein kinase, which was related to the K concentration. The results deepen our understanding of the genetic factors controlling N, P, and K accumulation during maize grain development and provide valuable genes for the genetic improvement of nutrient concentrations in maize. 展开更多
关键词 MAIZE nutrient concentration unconditional QTL mapping conditional QTL mapping dynamic trait
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Trends of surface ozone based on hourly concentrations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region during 2017–2021 被引量:1
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作者 Xiaoyan Wang Huihui Zheng +3 位作者 Bing Liu Shuyan Xie Yonghai Huang Shuai Wang 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2024年第6期26-32,共7页
As a typical secondary air pollutant,surface ozone has been monitored routinely since 2013 in China.Most studies on the spatiotemporal variation of ozone have been centered around the daily maximum 8-h average,with li... As a typical secondary air pollutant,surface ozone has been monitored routinely since 2013 in China.Most studies on the spatiotemporal variation of ozone have been centered around the daily maximum 8-h average,with little attention paid to the trends of hourly ozone,especially hourly ozone exceedances.Focusing on hourly ozone exceedances and peak values,the spatiotemporal trends of hourly ozone at 77 sites in 13 cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region during 2017-2021 were analyzed in this study.The number of hours with exceedances(N_(H200))in 2019 was nearly three times that of 2021.On a five-year average,the percentage of cumulative NH200 in June accounted for up to 40.5%of all hourly exceedances.Cities in central Hebei Province had the highest cumulative annual N_(H200).June had the highest average hourly ozone exceeded multiples of 0.158.The top two cities with the highest average exceeded multiple were Tangshan(0.166)and Beijing(0.158).Tangshan and Xingtai ranked as the top two in terms of the mean of the 10 highest daily maximum ozone concentrations(MTDM),with 286.74 and 285.37μg m^(−3),respectively.The gap between the MTDM and the daily maximum of hourly ozone averaged over all sites had narrowed to 97.88μg m^(−3) in 2021,much lower than that in other years,which indicated that the stability and convergence of ozone pollution in BTH region had been enhanced in 2021 to some extent. 展开更多
关键词 Surface ozone Hourly concentration Ozone exceedance Peak value Beijing-tianjin-hebei region
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A Statistical Rate Theory of Interface Concentration during Solution ZeoliteCrystal Growth
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作者 Hongwei Song Olusegun J. Ilegbusi 《Journal of Crystallization Process and Technology》 2011年第3期33-40,共8页
A theoretical model is developed using statistical rate theory to determine the rate of molecular transport across the interface of a growing spherical zeolite crystal. The model is expressed in terms of the interface... A theoretical model is developed using statistical rate theory to determine the rate of molecular transport across the interface of a growing spherical zeolite crystal. The model is expressed in terms of the interface concentration. Two model constants appear in the expression for the equilibrium exchange rate. In order to validate the model, zeolite crystallization is investigated for a system for which experimental data exist. The model constants were first established using the measured growth rates at a specific temperature. Then the model was used to predict the growth rate at other temperatures. 展开更多
关键词 ZEOLITE CRYSTAL Growth statistical Rate Theory BOUNDARY Layer MICROGRAVITY
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Investigation of Entrance and Wall Dynamics of the High-Flux Gas-Solid Riser Using Statistical Analysis of Solids Concentration Signals
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作者 Justin M. Jeremiah Samwel V. Manyele +1 位作者 Abraham K. Temu Jesse-X. Zhu 《Engineering(科研)》 2019年第3期167-187,共21页
Statistical analysis of the entrance and wall dynamics of a high-flux gas-solid riser was done using solid concentration time series data collected from a 76 mm internal diameter and 10 m high riser of a CFB system wi... Statistical analysis of the entrance and wall dynamics of a high-flux gas-solid riser was done using solid concentration time series data collected from a 76 mm internal diameter and 10 m high riser of a CFB system with a twin-riser operated at 4.0 to 10.0 m/s gas velocity and 50 to 550 kg/m2s solids flux. Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst particles with 67 μm mean diameter and density of 1500 kg/m3 together with 70% to 80% humid air was used. Solid concentration data were analysed using code prepared using FORTRAN 2008 to get statistical parameters and plot their profiles. Results obtained show that the gas-solid suspension flow in the riser is dominated by low solid concentration in the centre region and high solid concentration in the wall region which forms a core-annulus flow structure. The mean solid concentration in the wall region decreases with riser height from the dense bottom section to less dense in the fully developed flow section at the top of the riser. The gas-solid suspension flow in the centre region is dominated with uniform flow structure while the wall region is dominated with high fluctuations in solid concentration. Further, it was found that the entrance and developing flow sections of the riser exhibit high flow non-uniformities than the fully developed flow section of the riser. The flow non-uniformities in the entrance and developing flow section increase with increase in superficial gas velocity at constant solid flux. The wall region, from the entrance to the top sections of the riser along the axial direction exhibits both dilute and dense suspension flow. 展开更多
关键词 ENTRANCE Section WALL Region statistical Analysis Flow Non-Uniformities Radial NON-UNIFORMITY Index
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Different concentrations of hyaluronic acid eye drops for dry eye syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
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作者 Xiao-Wei Ouyang Sheng Fang +5 位作者 Yun-Min Yi Shi-Peng Zou Qi-Yu Hu Zi-Xuan Huang Qing-Xia Li Jin-Yan Luo 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2024年第6期1110-1119,共10页
AIM:To compare high or low concentration of hyaluronic acid eye drops(HY)for dry eye syndromes(DES).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing various concentrations of HY were searched in PubMed,Embase,Web o... AIM:To compare high or low concentration of hyaluronic acid eye drops(HY)for dry eye syndromes(DES).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing various concentrations of HY were searched in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane,SinoMed,CNKI,Wanfang Database,CQVIP,and Chinese journals databases between inception and July 2023.Pooled standardized mean differences(SMD)or weighted mean difference(WMD)with 95%confidence intervals(CI)from RCTs evaluating Schirmer’s I test(SIT),corneal fluorescein staining score(CFS),tear breakup time(TBUT),DES score(DESS),and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)were calculated.Sensitivity analysis,Egger’s test and Meta-regression analysis were performed for all indicators.RESULTS:We conducted a Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria,involving 1796 cases.High-concentrations group significantly improved the outcome of CFS according to random effects modelling(SMD,-3.37;95%CI,-5.25 to-1.48;P=0.0005).The rest of the results were not statistically significant,including indicators such as SIT,TBUT,DESS and OSDI.CONCLUSION:For dry eyes with positive corneal staining,a high concentration of HY is recommended,whereas in other cases,a high concentration of HY does not offer a more pronounced advantage over a low concentration of HY in the treatment of dry eyes. 展开更多
关键词 dry eye hyaluronic acid concentration META-ANALYSIS
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Enhancing Network Design through Statistical Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols
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作者 Ibrahim Alameri Tawfik Al-Hadhrami +2 位作者 Anjum Nazir Abdulsamad Ebrahim Yahya Atef Gharbi 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期319-339,共21页
This paper contributes a sophisticated statistical method for the assessment of performance in routing protocols salient Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)routing protocols:Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV),Ad hoc... This paper contributes a sophisticated statistical method for the assessment of performance in routing protocols salient Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)routing protocols:Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV),Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV),Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),and Zone Routing Protocol(ZRP).In this paper,the evaluation will be carried out using complete sets of statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney,and Friedman.It articulates a systematic evaluation of how the performance of the previous protocols varies with the number of nodes and the mobility patterns.The study is premised upon the Quality of Service(QoS)metrics of throughput,packet delivery ratio,and end-to-end delay to gain an adequate understanding of the operational efficiency of each protocol under different network scenarios.The findings explained significant differences in the performance of different routing protocols;as a result,decisions for the selection and optimization of routing protocols can be taken effectively according to different network requirements.This paper is a step forward in the general understanding of the routing dynamics of MANETs and contributes significantly to the strategic deployment of robust and efficient network infrastructures. 展开更多
关键词 Routing protocols statistical approach friedman MANET
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Achievable hole concentration at room temperature as a function of Mg concentration for MOCVD-grown p-GaN after sufficient annealing
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作者 Siyi Huang Masao Ikeda +4 位作者 Feng Zhang Minglong Zhang Jianjun Zhu Shuming Zhang Jianping Liu 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期67-73,共7页
Relationship between the hole concentration at room temperature and the Mg doping concentration in p-GaN grown by MOCVD after sufficient annealing was studied in this paper.Different annealing conditions were applied ... Relationship between the hole concentration at room temperature and the Mg doping concentration in p-GaN grown by MOCVD after sufficient annealing was studied in this paper.Different annealing conditions were applied to obtain sufficient activation for p-GaN samples with different Mg doping ranges.Hole concentration,resistivity and mobility were characterized by room-temperature Hall measurements.The Mg doping concentration and the residual impurities such as H,C,O and Si were measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy,confirming negligible compensations by the impurities.The hole concentration,resistivity and mobility data are presented as a function of Mg concentration,and are compared with literature data.The appropriate curve relating the Mg doping concentration to the hole concentration is derived using a charge neutrality equation and the ionized-acceptor-density[N-(A)^(-)](cm^(−3))dependent ionization energy of Mg acceptor was determined asE_(A)^(Mg)=184−2.66×10^(−5)×[N_(A)^(-)]1/3 meV. 展开更多
关键词 P-GAN hole concentration electrical properties ANNEALING ionization energy
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Study on the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of ozone concentration and the impact of human activities in China in 2019
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作者 Yongchun Wang Wang Zhang +4 位作者 Yu’an Liu Yazhu Wang Yuting Fu Zhaohui Feng Lingqing Wang 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期985-995,共11页
Ozone(O_(3))pollution has a profound impact on human health,vegetation development,and the ecological environment,making it a critical focus of global academic research.In recent years,O_(3)pollution in China has been... Ozone(O_(3))pollution has a profound impact on human health,vegetation development,and the ecological environment,making it a critical focus of global academic research.In recent years,O_(3)pollution in China has been on a steady rise,with ozone emerging as the sole conventional pollutant to consistently increase in concentration without any decline.This study conducted a quantitative analysis of O_(3)concentrations across 367 Chinese cities in 2019,examining spatial autocorrelation and local clustering of O_(3)levels,and investigated the diverse relationships between human activity factors and O_(3)concentration.The seasonal fluctuation of O_(3)exhibited the“M-type”pattern,with peak concentrations in winter and the lowest levels in summer.The center of O_(3)pollution migrated southeastward,with the area of highest concentration progressively shifting south along the eastern coast.Moreover,O_(3)concentration showed a strong positive correlation with population density,road freight volume,and industrial emissions,suggesting that human activities,vehicle emissions,and industrial operations are significant contributors to O_(3)production.The results provide comprehensive information on the characteristics,causes,and occurrence mechanism of O_(3)in Chinese cities that can be utilized by global government departments to formulate strategies to prevent and control O_(3)pollution. 展开更多
关键词 Ozone concentration Urban agglomerations Human activities Spatial heterogeneity
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Influence of mixed layer depth on chlorophyll-a concentration in the Southern Ocean
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作者 Yuxin Shi Hailong Liu Quanan Zheng 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第10期16-32,共17页
The element iron limitation is one of the crucial factors contributing to high nutrient low chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean(SO).Mixed layer dynamics regulate the availability of iron to phytoplankton.In this paper,w... The element iron limitation is one of the crucial factors contributing to high nutrient low chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean(SO).Mixed layer dynamics regulate the availability of iron to phytoplankton.In this paper,we investigate the influence of surface iron supplementation triggered by the mixed layer depth(MLD)variation on chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the SO on seasonal and interannual timescales.This analysis is based on the Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate for the period from 2013 to 2021.We provide a comprehensive and systematic mapping of the regions within the SO,where Chl-a is affected by iron input related to MLD deepening.The relationship between the MLD and the Chl-a varies with the latitude on the seasonal time scale.Both the MLD and sea ice melting affect the distribution of Chl-a.On the interannual scale,iron supply due to MLD deepening occurs primarily north of 60°S.Horizontal advection-induced entrainment enhances the surface iron input during the austral summer,which favors Chl-a increase.In addition to the MLD,the melting of sea ice and cooling of the sea surface can also alter iron input and subsequently affect Chl-a distribution in the austral summer.During the austral winter,entrainment can boost iron stocks,stimulating a subsequent spring increase of Chl-a in the SO.Furthermore,sea surface temperature declines during the austral winter,promoting an increased iron supply and creating favorable conditions for the subsequent spring Chl-a increase in the SO. 展开更多
关键词 mixed layer depth ENTRAINMENT chlorophyll-a concentration Southern Ocean
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A Practical Guide to Statistical Tests in the Biomedical Field: From Parametric to Nonparametric, Where and How?
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作者 Adil Gourinda Hicham El Bouri +5 位作者 Faïza Charif Zaynab Mahdi Fadila Bousgheiri Karima Sammoud Saloua Lemrabett Adil Najdi 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 2024年第11期1-14,共14页
Healthcare decisions are based on scientific evidence obtained from medical studies by gathering data and analyzing it to obtain the best results. When analyzing data, biostatistics is a powerful tool, but healthcare ... Healthcare decisions are based on scientific evidence obtained from medical studies by gathering data and analyzing it to obtain the best results. When analyzing data, biostatistics is a powerful tool, but healthcare professionals lack knowledge in this field. This lack of knowledge can manifest itself in situations such as choosing the wrong statistical test for the right situation or applying a statistical test without checking its assumptions, leading to inaccurate results and misleading conclusions. With the help of this “narrative review”, the aim is to bring biostatistics closer to healthcare professionals by answering certain questions: how to describe the distribution of data? how to assess the normality of data? how to transform data? and how to choose between nonparametric and parametric tests? Through this work, our hope is that the reader will be able to choose the right test for the right situation, in order to obtain the most accurate results. 展开更多
关键词 Teaching Statistics Distribution NORMALITY TRANSFORMATION Nonparametric Test Parametric Test
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On power series statistical convergence and new uniform integrability of double sequences
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作者 Sevda Y■ld■z Kamil Demirci 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期519-532,共14页
In the present paper,we mostly focus on P_(p)^(2)-statistical convergence.We will look into the uniform integrability via the power series method and its characterizations for double sequences.Also,the notions of P_(p... In the present paper,we mostly focus on P_(p)^(2)-statistical convergence.We will look into the uniform integrability via the power series method and its characterizations for double sequences.Also,the notions of P_(p)^(2)-statistically Cauchy sequence,P_(p)^(2)-statistical boundedness and core for double sequences will be described in addition to these findings. 展开更多
关键词 power series methods statistical convergence uniform integrability double sequences
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