LOW COST IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEED SENSORLESS INDUCTION MOTOR CONTROL USING STATOR FLUX ORIENTATION

The control platform of the induction motor （IM） with low costs is developed by using DSP MC56F8013 with a good performance/price rtaio. The control algorithm for the speed sensorless IM is studied based on the stator flux orientation （SFO）. The algorithm structure is simple to be implemented and cannot be influenced by motor parameters, The improved stator flux estimation is used to compensate errors caused by the low pass filter （LPF）. A new speed regulator is designed to ensure the system working with the maximal torque in the transient state. The system simulation and the prototype experiment are made. Results show that the con- trol system has good dynamic and static performance.

An Improved Stator Flux Observation Method of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

The stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation is the basis of direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor( PMSM) drive system. However,the traditional stator flux observer based on voltage model is affected by integral initial values and integral drift,that based on current model is affected by the parameters of PMSM,so a new stator flux observation method is proposed based on an improved secondorder generalized integrator( SOGI). Compared to the stator flux observation method based on the conventional SOGI,the proposed method can not only overcome the influence of integral initial values and integral drift,but also completely eliminate the DC offset's influence. Therefore,the observation accuracy of stator flux is further improved. The simulation and experimental results both show that the proposed method has a higher stator flux and electromagnetic torque observation precision.

Fault-tolerant stator flux oriented decoupling control for dual three-phase permanent magnet motor without diagnosis and reconfiguration

In this paper,the fault-tolerant capability of the existing stator-flux-oriented decoupling control(SFOC)for the DTP-PM motor is investigated,and a simple fault-tolerant SFOC is further designed to enhance fault tolerance.Firstly,the mathematical model of the DTP-PM motor in the stator-flux-oriented rotating coordinate system is analyzed.An SFOC is proposed to guarantee healthy operation performance,considering torque,flux linkage,and harmonic currents.Secondly,the coupling relationship under open-phase conditions is assessed.The assessed result shows that the coupling relationship between the harmonic and fundamental components results in conflicts and poor post-fault operation.Thirdly,the proposed SFOC includes an automatic deactivation module to detect conflicts with a variable threshold.The conflicted harmonic current controllers can be excluded automatically.Hence,fault-tolerant control can be remedied without diagnosing the specific fault scenario,and excellent faulttolerant capability can be achieved.Finally,experiments on a DTP-PM motor are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Stator-Flux Oriented Continuous Control of Torque in Induction Motors

This paper analyzes dynamic equivalent circuit of induction motor and the relationship among inner fluxes, then presents a direct stator flux oriented continuous torque control (DSFOCTC) scheme of induction motor , which uses stator current vector control instead of voltage vector control. As a combination of direct torque control (DTC) and flux oriented vector control, it achieves round stator flux and continuous dynamic torque control resulting in less torque ripple than that in DTC. It reduces the dependence on rotor parameters, and is especially insensitive to rotor resistance. Finally, an induction motor speed control system incorporating this novel scheme is given and checked by simulation.

A novel MTPA and flux weakening method of stator flux oriented control of PMSM

Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)has the advantages of high efficiency,high power density and high reliability.It has been widely used in electric vehicles,rail transit,industrial transmission and other fields.Compared with the traditional PMSM control strategy,the Indirect stator-quantities control(ISC)of low torque ripple induction motor has high dynamic response performance in the whole speed range,with high stability and strong security.However,due to the inherent characteristics of PMSM,there are still some difficulties in applying ISC strategy,such as solving the load angle corresponding to the current torque,realizing the maximum torque per ampere(MTPA)control and flux weakening control method in the stator field oriented control algorithm of PMSM.In this paper,theoretical analysis and discussion are carried out for the above difficulties,and an indirect stator vector control(ISC)method for PMSM is proposed.Finally,combined with the electric drive application platform of electric vehicle,the simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed ISC control strategy of PMSM also has good dynamic and steady-state performance in the whole speed range.

Investigation on Static Characteristics of an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine with Coreless Stator

The static characteristics of an axial-flux permanentmagnet( AFPM) machine with coreless stator were investigated.Two-dimensional analytical method for prediction of the no-load magnetic field in the AFPM machine with coreless stator was derived. Electromotive force( EMF) and axial attraction force were deduced from the analytical method. These values obtained from analytical method were compared with those from finite element method( FEM) and agree well. Finally,a prototype was built for experimental validation and back EMF was measured. The results confirmed the validity of the proposed analytical method.

基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断研究

该文提出一种基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断方法。首先,建立电机的d轴等效磁路模型,分析均匀退磁故障后径向气隙磁密的变化规律;然后,获取电机的径向气隙磁密和定子电流信号,对各极下径向气隙磁密幅值进行归一化处理,并绘制雷达图,根据雷达图和比较相同定子电流幅值下健康电机和故障电机的各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值,来诊断均匀退磁故障;利用空载各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值计算故障程度。最后,仿真和实验结果均验证所提均匀退磁故障诊断方法的有效性。

气隙偏心对同步发电机定子绕组温升特性的影响

为了分析同步发电机气隙偏心对定子绕组的铜耗及温升的影响规律。首先理论推导了正常情况和偏心下的磁通密度及相应的铜耗,分析了绕组的温升特性;然后建立了CS-5型故障模拟发电机的三维有限元模型,计算得到了发电机在不同负载和不同故障程度下定子绕组的铜耗和温度变化规律;最后在CS-5型故障模拟发电机上对定子绕组温度进行了实测,所得实验结果和仿真数据与理论分析结论基本一致。研究发现:定子绕组直线段温度高于端部温度;定子绕组的铜耗和温度在气隙偏心工况下均高于正常情况,且随着偏心量和负载的增加呈现升高趋势;在静偏心下靠近小气隙一侧的绕组温度高于其他部位。

异步机定子磁势磁密关系研究

提出了磁势导密法,并据此论证了基波磁势能够同时产生基波磁密和谐波磁密;谐波磁势可能同时产生谐波磁密和基波磁密。

智能跑步机异步电机变频调速直接转矩控制

因智能跑步机控制系统存在延时的问题,导致跑步机的运行损耗高、效率低。为此,提出智能跑步机异步电机变频调速直接转矩控制方法。分析异步电机的变频调速效果,构建跑步机控制约束,将模型预测直接转矩控制算法作为非线性内部控制器的控制算法,估计定子磁链后预测定子磁链和电磁转矩,建立合适的目标函数,并采用末端输出控制法获取定子磁链和电磁转矩参考值,对跑步机系统延时加以补偿,完成智能跑步机异步电机变频调速直接转矩控制。实验结果表明,所提方法控制下的智能跑步机振幅曲线波动最小,电磁转矩在(0.5~1.5)N·m之间,稳定后的运行损耗和运行效率控制在67 W和0.77%左右,可有效减小跑步机的电磁转矩脉动,降低运行损耗,提高运行效率,且具有良好的平稳性。

新型双定子双凸极可变磁通记忆电机设计与性能比较

结合双凸极结构、双定子和混合永磁体的特点,提出了三种新型双定子双凸极可变磁通记忆电机(DS-DSVFMM)。通过采用高矫顽力和低矫顽力两组永磁体,实现了电机的高转矩密度和在线调磁功能。为了充分利用电机的内部空间,高矫顽力和低矫顽力永磁体以及调磁绕组都被放置在内定子中。建立该电机的简化等效磁路模型,并分析其磁通调节原理和特性;对三种不同结构DS-DSVFMM的调磁能力、负载转矩和抗退磁性能进行了研究和比较。对T形DS-DSVFMM进行加工和测试,并通过实验验证了该电机结构及其有限元分析的正确性。

定子结构优化对盘式电机齿槽转矩的影响分析

齿槽转矩会恶化电机性能,为削弱盘式永磁电机齿槽转矩,文章提出了定子偏移和不等定子齿靴两种结构优化方法。首先通过能量法与傅里叶分解推导出轴向电机齿槽转矩公式,进行定子槽口宽度优化得到原模型的最小齿槽转矩;然后用公式推导计算与有限元分析,得到定子偏移结构的偏移角度;最后通过理论分析和仿真计算得到基于最小齿槽转矩的不等定子齿靴扩张宽度比,不等定子齿靴结构可使定子上下两侧的齿槽转矩相互抵消。对比结果表明,不等定子齿靴结构对齿槽转矩削弱效果最好,当扩张宽度比取1.2时,齿槽转矩降低71%。

An Observing Method for Flux and Speed with Direct Torque Control

An observing method for stator flux and rotor flux is presented. Based on the proposed flux observing method, a novel speed estimator has been designed. At last, the speed estimator combined with the flux observing is applied in the direct torque control system without speed sensor. The simulation results show that these methods can improve the accuracy of speed observing and the low speed performance of direct torque control system, and strengthen the robustness of system.

一种基于间接定子量的牵引电机三电平控制技术应用研究

为满足大功率牵引电传动应用场景对电机输出转矩高精度、快响应等要求,文章提出一种基于间接定子量控制(Indirect Stator Quantities Control,ISC)的牵引电机三电平驱动控制方法。首先,结合ISC控制特点和异步电机模型提出了一种动态弱磁控制方法,保证了电机在高速弱磁区转矩的高动态响应。其次,为有效解决传统三电平算法存在的中点电位不平衡问题,根据中点箝位型(Neutral Point Clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器不同开关矢量对中性点电位的不同作用,基于电荷周期平衡精准计算和比例积分(Proportional Integral,PI)控制器原理,提出了一种具有平衡精度高、抗干扰性能强的新型中点电位平衡控制策略。最后通过仿真研究与某轨道交通大功率异步电机对拖试验测试,试验结果表明文章所提出的控制方法具有高动态响应、高中点电位平衡度、高转矩控制精度等优点。

双层凸极型PCB定子AFPM设计优化

AFPM是当前研究热点,本文将一种新型的凸极型Halbach永磁阵列应用于该电机中,阐述了其结构与优点。借助三维有限元软件建立初步的参数化模型,进一步联合Workbench与Optislang仿真,通过GA进行全局多目标优化得到最优设计方案。优化后的新型永磁体阵列与相同尺寸的常规Halbach结构相比,减少了永磁体用量,降低了电机生产成本,提高了单位永磁体产生的基波磁密幅值和气隙磁密波形的正弦性。在保证理想的气隙磁场磁密大小情况下加入价格低廉的软磁材料降低了电机成本,为轴向磁通永磁电机的设计提供一定的参考。

新型Halbach阵列盘式永磁电机的磁场解析

基于印制电路板(PCB)技术的盘式永磁电机(AFPMM)提出一种新型Halbach阵列的转子结构,该阵列结构简单、易于优化。运用矢量磁位法对新型转子产生的空载气隙磁密进行解析推导,获得关于气隙磁场的数学模型。基于该模型,保持永磁体总用量不变,以永磁体极弧系数比和径向长度比作为优化变量,气隙磁密基波幅值和谐波畸变率作为优化目标,确立最优转子结构参数。三维有限元仿真结果表明,解析法所得的气隙磁密波形与有限元法基本一致,验证了所提出解析模型的合理性。与传统Halbach阵列相比,新型Halbach阵列气隙磁密基波幅值提升了10.3%,同时谐波畸变率由19.8%降至4.8%,优化效果明显,可以有效降低高频工况下电机的涡流损耗、提升电机效率。最后制造一台样机进行相关实验测试,验证了解析和仿真分析的正确性,对PCB定子AFPMM的设计具有一定参考价值。

一种永磁同步电机效率优化控制策略研究

为提升永磁同步电机的效率指标,提出一种基于跟踪微分器的效率优化控制策略,该策略通过建立损耗模型,分析损耗功率与定子磁链的极值关系,在直接转矩控制下重构损耗功率函数,将损耗功率函数的电机参数个数降到最少,利用跟踪微分器来求解永磁同步电机不同运行工况下的最优定子磁链。该控制策略不仅能实现控制系统的全局效率最优,而且具有良好的动态特性和较强的鲁棒性。通过与传统损耗模型控制策略进行仿真实验结果对比分析,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

基于优化PWM的定子磁链轨迹跟踪控制研究

在异步电机的高性能控制方案中,为了降低开关损耗,采用优化脉宽调制(PWM)实现低开关频率下较小的电流谐波畸变。但在调制模式频繁切换时,优化PWM会产生电流和转矩冲击。因此,研究了将优化脉冲在线移位的闭环定子磁链轨迹跟踪控制方法,提出了由基于自控电机的降阶观测器与电机电流模型观测器组成的双观测器模型,实现了基波分量观测。结合电流谐波最小脉宽调制(CHMPWM)开关角,利用其重构参考磁链与实际磁链的差值,实现定子磁链轨迹跟踪。提出了无差拍下修正开关角小于2时的脉冲模式调整方案,消除了系统的动态调制误差,实现了低开关频率下异步电机的高性能控制。在开关频率为300 Hz以下的NPC型三电平逆变器上的仿真和试验证明了定子磁链轨迹跟踪控制策略的有效性。

定子无铁心轴向磁通永磁电机的绕组损耗与效率研究

定子无铁心轴向磁通永磁电机没有定子铁心,具有输出转矩平稳、质量轻、装配简单等优势,但同时也存在绕组涡流损耗大的问题。基于利兹线绕组,对定子无铁心轴向磁通电机的绕组涡流损耗进行了分析,给出了绕组涡流损耗计算的解析公式与有限元结合的非均匀分层混合计算模型,并通过简化的全绕组三维有限元模型,验证了混合计算模型的正确性和有效性。研究了以电机效率最大化为目标的利兹线规格选型方法。由于利兹线的实际制造工艺的问题,对电机效率进行了计算和分析,并给出了利兹线选型相关的定性结论。

基于数字孪生技术的牵引电机低转矩脉动虚拟控制方法研究

针对牵引电机存在的高转矩脉动问题,研究了基于数字孪生技术的牵引电机低转矩脉动虚拟控制方法:设备层获取物理实体牵引电机运行数据后,经通信接口将数据传输至数据层存储;软件层调用数据层中的数据,采用Unity 3D软件完成牵引电机由物理实体到虚拟的数字孪生,构建牵引电机虚拟机三维模型,并通过显示层虚拟仿真平台展示虚拟模型及相关数据,操控者从虚拟仿真平台观察、分析虚拟模型及相关数据后,利用连续型定子磁链轨迹的控制方法,在牵引电机转速增加的情况下,通过连续转换定子磁链轨迹来降低牵引电机的转矩脉动,完成牵引电机的低转矩脉动虚拟控制。试验结果表明:构建的牵引电机虚拟机模型与物理机实体结构相同,仿真度较高,可利用以虚控实,降低牵引电机的转矩脉动,消除转矩失控的情况,保障牵引电机的安全运行。