A spatiotemporal evolution model of a short-circuit arc to a secondary arc based on the improved charge simulation method

The initial shape of the secondary arc considerably influences its subsequent shape.To establish the model for the arcing time of the secondary arc and modify the single-phase reclosing sequence,theoretical and experimental analysis of the evolution process of the short-circuit arc to the secondary arc is critical.In this study,an improved charge simulation method was used to develop the internal-space electric-field model of the short-circuit arc.The intensity of the electric field was used as an independent variable to describe the initial shape of the secondary arc.A secondary arc evolution model was developed based on this model.Moreover,the accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparison with physical experimental results.When the secondary arc current increased,the arcing time and dispersion increased.There is an overall trend of increasing arc length with increasing arcing time.Nevertheless,there is a reduction in arc length during arc ignition due to short circuits between the arc columns.Furthermore,the arcing time decreased in the range of 0°-90°as the angle between the wind direction and the x-axis increased.This work investigated the method by which short-circuit arcs evolve into secondary arcs.The results can be used to develop the secondary arc evolution model and to provide both a technical and theoretical basis for secondary arc suppression.

Optimization of short-circuit transition parameters of Q235B steel GMAW based on orthogonal gray relational analysis

In gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process,the short-circuit transition was the most typical transition observed in molten metal droplets.This paper used orthogonal tests to explore the coupling effect law of welding process parameters on the quality of weld forming under short-circuit transition,the design of 3 factors and 3 levels of a total of 9 groups of orthogonal tests,welding current,welding voltage,welding speed as input parameters:effective area ratio,humps,actual linear power density,aspect ratio,Vickers hardness as output paramet-ers(response targets).Using range analysis and trend charts,we can visually depict the relationship between input parameters and a single output parameter,ultimately determining the optimal process parameters that impact the single output index.Then combined with gray the-ory to transform the three response targets into a single gray relational grade(GRG)for analysis,the optimal combination of the weld mor-phology parameters as follows:welding current 100 A,welding voltage 25 V,welding speed 30 cm/min.Finally,validation experiments were conducted,and the results showed that the error between the gray relational grade and the predicted value was 2.74%.It was observed that the effective area ratio of the response target significantly improved,validating the reliability of the orthogonal gray relational method.

Partitioning Calculation Method of Short-Circuit Current for High Proportion DG Access to Distribution Network

Aiming at the problemthat the traditional short-circuit current calculationmethod is not applicable to Distributed Generation(DG)accessing the distribution network,the paper proposes a short-circuit current partitioning calculation method considering the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG.Firstly,the output characteristics of DG in the process of low voltage ride through are analyzed,and the equivalent output model of DG in the fault state is obtained.Secondly,by studying the network voltage distribution law after fault in distribution networks under different DG penetration rates,the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG is used as a partition index to partition the distribution network.Then,iterative computation is performed within each partition,and data are transferred between partitions through split nodes to realize the fast partition calculation of short-circuit current for high proportion DG access to distribution network,which solves the problems of long iteration time and large calculation error of traditional short-circuit current.Finally,a 62-node real distribution network model containing a high proportion of DG access is constructed onMATLAB/Simulink,and the simulation verifies the effectiveness of the short-circuit current partitioning calculation method proposed in the paper,and its calculation speed is improved by 48.35%compared with the global iteration method.

Stability analysis of CO_(2)gas shielded welding short-circuit transition process based on GMAW dynamic model

Base on the arc phase and short-circuit phase and their relationship, the paper considers the changes of the extension of wire, the arc length, liquid bridge resistance and mass of liquid bridge, combines the improved “mass-spring” model with the loop model of welding power system, puts forward the critical judgment condition of droplet transition, and establishes a more accurate dynamic model for describing the short-circuit transition process. The dynamic changes of short-circuit transfer frequency, welding current and voltage, contact droplet and residual droplet equivalent radius and droplet equivalent radius at different wire feeding speeds were calculated and analyzed, and compared with the experimental results. It shows that the fluctuation of droplet displacement, velocity and wire extension length at the optimal arc starting point is the smallest. The smaller the initial liquid bridge curvature radius is, the better the stability of short-circuit transfer is.

A Fault Feature Extraction Model in Synchronous Generator under Stator Inter-Turn Short Circuit Based on ACMD and DEO3S

This paper proposed a new diagnosis model for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.Different from the past methods focused on the current or voltage signals to diagnose the electrical fault,the sta-tor vibration signal analysis based on ACMD(adaptive chirp mode decomposition)and DEO3S(demodulation energy operator of symmetrical differencing)was adopted to extract the fault feature.Firstly,FT(Fourier trans-form)is applied to the vibration signal to obtain the instantaneous frequency,and PE(permutation entropy)is calculated to select the proper weighting coefficients.Then,the signal is decomposed by ACMD,with the instan-taneous frequency and weighting coefficient acquired in the former step to obtain the optimal mode.Finally,DEO3S is operated to get the envelope spectrum which is able to strengthen the characteristic frequencies of the stator inter-turn short circuit fault.The study on the simulating signal and the real experiment data indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.In addition,the comparison with other methods shows the superiority of the proposed model.

Design of Online Vision Detection System for Stator Winding Coil

The quality of the stator winding coil directly affects the performance of the motor.A dual-camera online machine vision detection method to detect whether the coil leads and winding regions were qualified was designed.A vision detection platform was designed to capture individual winding images,and an image processing algorithm was used for image pre-processing,template matching and positioning of the coil lead area to set up a coordinate system.After eliminating image noise by Blob analysis,the improved Canny algorithm was used to detect the location of the coil lead paint stripped region,and the time was reduced by about half compared to the Canny algorithm.The coil winding region was trained with the ShuffleNet V2-YOLOv5s model for the dataset,and the detect file was converted to the Open Neural Network Exchange(ONNX)model for the detection of winding cross features with an average accuracy of 99.0%.The software interface of the detection system was designed to perform qualified discrimination tests on the workpieces,and the detection data were recorded and statistically analyzed.The results showed that the stator winding coil qualified discrimination accuracy reached 96.2%,and the average detection time of a single workpiece was about 300 ms,while YOLOv5s took less than 30 ms.

基于开口变压器法的交流电机定子非激励相绕组匝间短路检测研究

为了解决交流电机定子绕组中线圈绝缘损伤引起匝间短路故障无法准确、快速定位的问题,提出将检测转子绕组匝间短路的开口变压器法移植到检测交流电机定子绕组匝间短路,定子单相添加激励源,非激励相绕组设置故障点,开口变压器检测故障点所在槽,分析故障前后开口变压器绕组感应电动势的变化。首先阐述开口变压器检测定子非激励相的工作原理,分析正常和故障状态下通过开口变压器铁心漏磁通的表达式,进一步得到开口变压器绕组感应电动势表达式,获取故障变化规律。随后建立交流电机电磁仿真模型,进行仿真分析,最后用一台定子样机进行实验验证。结果表明:故障状态下,随着故障程度的加深,故障点所在槽的开口变压器感应电动势随之减小,证明了开口变压器可以作为离线检测交流电机定子非激励相绕组匝间短路故障的有效手段。

Research on Inter-turn Short-circuit Fault Diagnosis Method Based on High Frequency Voltage Residual for PMSM

Inter-turn fault is a serious stator winding short-circuit fault of permanent magnet synchronous machine(PMSM). Once it occurs, it produces a huge short-circuit current that poses a great risk to the safe operation of PMSM. Thus, an inter-turn short-circuit fault(ITSCF) diagnosis method based on high frequency(HF) voltage residual is proposed in this paper with proper HF signal injection. First, the analytical models of PMSM after the ITSCF are deduced. Based on the model, the voltage residual at low frequency(LF) and HF can be obtained. It is revealed that the HF voltage residual has a stronger ITSCF detection capability compared to the LF voltage residual. To obtain optimal fault signature, a 3-phase symmetrical HF voltage is injected into the machine drive system, and the HF voltage residuals are extracted. The fault indicator is defined as the standard deviation of the 3-phase HF voltage residuals. The effectiveness of the proposed ITSCF diagnosis method is verified by experiments on a triple 3-phase PMSM. It is worth noting that no extra hardware equipment is required to implement the proposed method.

基于随机森林的发电机定子线棒局部放电图谱特征识别方法

发电机定子线棒局部放电的在线监测和故障诊断对于电机故障预警、故障定位和指导机组检修有重要意义。目前存在部分不同类型局部放电相似度高,模式识别方法计算时间过长的问题,需要高精度和高效的识别方法,为此提出一种基于随机森林的定子线棒局部放电识别方法。制备了6种类型定子线棒,用特高频天线检测局部放电信号,基于相位分布局部放电(PRPD)图谱比对,提出参数幅值不对称度。基于随机森林方法识别缺陷类型,计算特征重要性,选择有效特征。最后,可视化特征相似度,与传统反向传播(BP)神经网络方法对比,验证有效性。结果表明:随机森林算法可以有效识别人工缺陷定子线棒局部放电,总体识别正确率达到93.33%。筛选半数特征后,随机森林比BP神经网络的准确率提高了10.83%,特征选择对随机森林的准确率影响很小,但识别效率大幅提高。随机森林在少量特征时识别准确率、计算时间都明显优于神经网络。幅值不对称度参数的重要性排在全部特征前1/3,具有推广价值。

基于d-q变换及WOA-LSTM的异步电机定子匝间短路故障诊断方法

为了实现对异步电机定子绕组匝间短路故障的可靠在线诊断,提出一种基于d-q变换及鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)优化的长短期记忆网络(LSTM)的故障诊断方法。通过理论推导可知,d-q变换可有效提取定子电流中的特征频谱数据。采用鲸鱼优化算法对长短期记忆网络中的3个关键参数进行优化,建立WOA-LSTM故障分类模型。为了验证基于d-q变换和WOA-LSTM故障诊断方法的有效性,分别以小波变换、快速傅里叶变换及d-q变换提取电流频谱数据作为输入数据集,以一台YE2-100L1-4型异步电机为实验对象进行实验验证。研究结果表明:相比于小波变换及快速傅里叶变换,采用d-q变换能更准确的提取出定子电流中的故障特征,更精确地反映电机故障状态,有助于提高故障分类准确率;相比于传统的LSTM算法,经WOA优化后的LSTM算法分类准确率可达98.3%,能可靠地实现不同程度匝间短路故障的诊断。

涡轮钻具定转子三维叶型的设计方法研究

为了研究涡轮三维叶型的水力性能,基于等环量法提出了一种涡轮三维叶型的理论造型方法,并推导出了该涡轮三维叶型的特性参数计算方法。利用ANSYS Fluent对同尺寸下的涡轮三维叶型和二维叶型进行了数值模拟分析其水力特性。研究结果表明:与二维叶型相比,涡轮三维叶型的压降减小约50%,水力效率提高约5%。对比了三维叶型涡轮扭矩的理论计算结果与仿真结果,发现它们的误差在10%左右,在实际工程允许范围内。研究结果可为涡轮三维叶型的设计提供理论依据。

基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法

为了提升定子励磁无刷电机的冷却能力,提出了一种基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法.在电机端部绕组和定子铁芯叠片端部的间隙中插入端部绕组冷却(EWC)模块,以减小定子绕组热点区域和冷却介质之间的间隙,从而提高端部绕组的冷却能力.对非重叠式集中绕组长度计算模型进行改进,评估采用EWC模块前后电机定子电枢绕组长度的变化,分析EWC模块的电导率对电机定子损耗的影响.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,对比EWC模块在不同铜耗和励磁源损耗密度下的冷却性能.结果表明,采用EWC模块可以使端部绕组的稳态温升降低约50%,热态时的绕组电阻降低7.51%,从而改善了定子的冷却条件.

无刷双馈电机研究综述与展望

无刷双馈电机具有结构可靠、变频器容量小等优势,非常适合灵活运行于防爆、易燃等特殊或极端工况,近年来受到广泛关注。该文根据无刷双馈电机的基本工作原理,明确了该类电机的命名原则与规范名称;总结了现有定转子方案的结构及性能特点,综合考虑性能指标与结构工艺,提出了转子双套绕组的发展方向;梳理了无刷双馈电机的稳态等效电路模型及基于各类数学模型的优化设计方法,针对现存难以完整考虑不同转速工况性能的不足,阐明了利用新型同步-异步相串联等效电路进行优化设计的思路;对比分析了经典及新近出现的无刷双馈电机控制系统拓扑和控制策略特点,面向典型电动、发电工况建立了完整的电机及控制系统。最后,对无刷双馈电机的上述理论研究问题及工业应用的发展方向进行了总结阐述,为该类电机的深入研究及加快推广应用提供参考和指导。

高导热储热材料对高功率密度永磁电机温升的影响

如何降低电机温升是电机设计中一个至关重要的问题.将绝缘漆与高导热材料、储热材料、固化材料通过一定工艺制备成高导热储热材料,填充在样机绕组端部与外壳的间隙处,并对其进行了温度场分析与温升实验.结果表明:利用储热材料吸收热量的特性与高导热材料的高导热率可有效降低电机温升10.2℃,电机功率提高了9.8%,高导热储热材料能有效提高电机的性能.

计及复杂换位结构的百万千瓦级汽轮发电机定子流固耦合传热研究

百万千瓦级汽轮发电机的定子绕组通常采用多根空、实心股线并绕的复杂编织换位结构,针对尺寸相差悬殊的复杂结构使得其定子流固耦合模型的数值求解存在网格数量多、容易出现奇异解的难点问题,该文提出三维区段式流固耦合网格划分方法,根据不同区段股线的结构及传热特点,通过非均匀网格划分方法大大降低求解模型的网格数量,实现计及复杂换位结构的定子流固耦合模型的数值求解,并通过一台124万kW水氢氢冷汽轮发电机的短路型式实验进行验证。在此基础上,提出定子绕组的新型交叉换位方法并与传统换位方法的温度进行对比,结果表明,新型交叉换位方法使定子绕组股线以及绝缘的温度分布更加均匀,并且能够有效降低定子绕组最高温度。

真空泵用屏蔽电机无传感器残压重投控制策略

针对真空干泵机组故障、生产工艺需要等原因影响真空设备产线在线运行时间的问题,研究真空干泵用屏蔽式感应电机带速重投策略,寻求重投的有利时刻以保证带速重投的成功,对电机断电后的转速和定子失电残压特性展开研究。为此,根据屏蔽感应电机空间向量模型,建立基于电压电流混合磁链观测的无速度传感器估算模型、推导电机断电期间的转速估算方法以及定子失电残压解析式。通过重点研究定子残压和虚拟重投电压间幅值特性和相角特性,确定控制系统的首次重投点和其次重投点。以4 kW真空干泵用屏蔽感应电机机组为例,通过模型仿真和失电残压实验验证了该控制方法在泵类工程中有较好的适用性和准确性,重投阶段的转速稳定时间为0.5 s以内,重投阶段的冲击电流平均减小59.18%。

同步发电机定子铁心磁-热-固耦合计算分析

为分析发电机运行过程中定子铁心的损耗、温升及其在磁拉力和热应力综合作用下的机械结构响应,文中对同步发电机定子铁心进行磁-热-固多物理场耦合计算。首先,理论推导铁心损耗及其所受的单位面积磁拉力,分析铁心的温升特性,在此基础上解析得到铁心在磁拉力和非均匀热载荷耦合激励下的机械结构响应;然后,构建CS-5型故障模拟发电机作为有限元仿真的三维物理模型,计算得到铁心的单位面积磁拉力、损耗曲线和温度分布情况,并进一步计算获得磁拉力和热载荷同时作用下铁心的变形、应变和应力。结果表明:发电机在稳定运行后,定子齿槽温度最高;槽口处变形量最大,槽底应力较高。最后,通过热电偶和温度巡检仪对CS-5型故障模拟发电机在实际运行过程中的定子铁心端面、槽内和外圆表面的温升进行实时监测,实测的定子铁心温度场分布和有限元仿真结果相吻合,验证了磁-热-固多物理场耦合方法的有效性。文中获得了定子铁心的温度分布规律及其在磁-热耦合激励下的机械结构响应分布规律,为发电机结构逆向优化设计及定子铁心变形预防提供了技术参考。

高压大排量径向柱塞泵定子运动规律分析

为改善高压大排量径向柱塞泵定子-滑靴副摩擦状况,实现泵的精确变量,提出定子圆周方向非固定安装结构。通过滑靴柱塞组件力学特性分析,建立单个滑靴滑动摩擦力矩和11个滑靴摩擦合力矩,求解得到定子角速度变化曲线。结果表明,定子在滑靴滑动摩擦力矩作用下能够运动,且排油区滑靴摩擦力矩大于吸油区滑靴摩擦力矩。径向柱塞泵正常工作后,定子角速度稳定在89.5~90.6 rad/s,呈周期变化,对定子运动起阻碍作用的滑靴个数为4、5交替变换。为高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副设计、提高泵的性能提供一定参考。

基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断研究

该文提出一种基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断方法。首先,建立电机的d轴等效磁路模型,分析均匀退磁故障后径向气隙磁密的变化规律;然后,获取电机的径向气隙磁密和定子电流信号,对各极下径向气隙磁密幅值进行归一化处理,并绘制雷达图,根据雷达图和比较相同定子电流幅值下健康电机和故障电机的各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值,来诊断均匀退磁故障;利用空载各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值计算故障程度。最后,仿真和实验结果均验证所提均匀退磁故障诊断方法的有效性。

车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真研究

永磁无刷直流电动机的转矩与转速会对电机的控制精度造成影响,导致电机弱磁控制效果差。为了提升整体控制性能,提出车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制仿真方法。分析车用永磁无刷直流电机弱磁转矩特性,获取电机电磁转矩关系。根据获取结果建立永磁无刷直流电机弱磁控制系统,利用该系统控制电机弱磁的电磁转矩与运行效率,以此实现整体控制。实验结果表明,通过对所提方法开展电机运行效率测试、电机运行稳定性测试,验证了上述方法的有效性。