Impact of stage-specific limb function exercises guided by a selfmanagement education model on arteriovenous fistula maturation status

BACKGROUND The exercise of limb function is the most economical and safe method to promote the maturation of arteriovenous fistula(AVF).However,due to the lack of a uni-fied exercise standard in China,many patients have insufficient awareness of the importance of AVF,leading to poor effectiveness of limb function exercise.The self-management education model can effectively promote patients to take pro-active health-related actions.This study focuses on the characteristics of patients during the peri-AVF period and conducts a phased limb function exercise under the guidance of the self-management education model to observe changes in fac-tors such as the maturity of AVF.AIM To assess the impact of stage-specific limb function exercises,directed by a self-management education model,on the maturation status of AVFs.METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial involving 74 patients with forearm AVFs from the Nephrology Department of a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province,China.Patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method.The observation group underwent tailored stage-specific limb func-tion exercises,informed by a self-management education model which took into account the unique features of AVF at various stages,in conjunction with routine care.Conversely,the control group was given standard limb function exercises along with routine care.The assessment involves the maturity of AVFs post-intervention,post-operative complications,and the self-management level of the fistula in both groups patients.Analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23.0.Count data were represented by frequency and percentage and subjected to chi-square test comparisons.Measurement data adhering to a normal distribution were presented as mean±SD.The independent samples t-test was utilized for inter-group comparisons,while the paired t-test was used for intra-group comparisons.For measurement data not fitting a normal distribution,the median and interquartile range were presented and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.RESULTS At the 8-wk postoperative mark,the observation group demonstrated significantly higher scores in AVF symptom recognition,symptom prevention,and self-management compared to the control group(P<0.05).However,the variance in symptom management scores between the observation and control groups lacked statistical signi-ficance(P>0.05).At 4 wk after the operation,the observation group displayed a superior vessel diameter and depth from the skin of the drainage vessels in comparison to the control group(P<0.05).While the observation group did manifest elevated blood flow rates in the drainage vessels relative to the control group,this distinction was not statistically significant(P>0.05).By the 8-wk postoperative interval,the observation group outperformed the control group with notable enhancements in blood flow rates,vessel diameter,and depth from the skin of drainage vessels(P<0.01).Seven days following the procedure,the observation group manifested significantly diminished limb swelling and an overall reduced complication rate in contrast to the control group(P<0.05).The evaluation of infection,thrombosis,embolism,arterial aneurysm stenosis,and incision bleeding showed no notable differences between the two groups(P>0.05).By the 4-wk postoperative juncture,complications between the observation and control groups were statistically indistinguishable(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Stage-specific limb function exercises,under the guidance of a self-management education model,amplify the capacity of AVF patients to discern and prevent symptoms.Additionally,they expedite AVF maturation and miti-gate postoperative limb edema,underscoring their efficacy as a valuable method for the care and upkeep of AVF in hemodialysis patients.

Research on the Status Quo and Improvement Needs of Foreign Language Teachers’ Teaching Competence in Curriculum-Based Ideological Education in Xinjiang Colleges and Universities

This study investigated the status quo and further improvement needs of foreign language teachers’teaching competence in curriculum-based ideological education(CIE)in Xinjiang colleges and universities.The results show that the teachers’teaching competence in CIE is generally good,with the“cultivating quality”being the highest and the“scientific research quality”the lowest;there still exist several problems,such as teachers’lack of theoretical knowledge in CIE,lack of teaching resources,and insufficient abilities in teaching design and research.It is hoped that with the support and efforts from university administrations,teachers can improve their teaching competence in CIE through various approaches adopted and multiple measures taken,thus optimizing their teaching effectiveness,promoting the construction of CIE in Xinjiang colleges and universities in the new era,and contributing to Xinjiang’s high-quality development.

Compliance to Medication Management and Mental Health Status of Elderly Hypertensive Patients: Basis of Educational Health Program

Objective:The study aimed to assess medication management compliance and mental health in elderly patients with hypertension.Method:The study evaluated medication compliance and mental health status of elderly hypertensive patients in China using simple random sampling.Data was collected using the Morisky Medication Compliance Questionnaire,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and a checklist.Ethical practices were strictly observed.Results:A study of 100 elderly hypertensive patients found poor drug management compliance,with female patients showing worse compliance.Female patients were more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.The study also found no significant association between gender,age,education level,marital status,living standards,and medication compliance.Barriers to medication management included food and daily necessities,lack of awareness about the importance of drug treatment,and basic family needs.The lowest-ranked barriers were lack of support from government health clinics,low income,and lack of family support.Conclusion:Based on the results,the study proposes an educational plan for elderly hypertensive patients and their families,to be evaluated and implemented by the hospital and township community service center.The plan aims to improve medication management and lifestyle modification compliance,encourage active participation,and provide access to medical and mental health clinics,support groups,and counseling services.

The Current Status of Trilingual Education in Tibetan Areas of China

In China trilingual education, as an important part of Chinese national education, is likely to be not only required, but essential. However, among the tremendous achievements, there still exist some problems, such as different standard in educational management and requirements, insufficiency of trilingual teachers and unreasonableness in teacher structure, shortage both in the number and characteristics of trilingual teaching materials, lateness in the study on TETAC and insufficiency of study result, and backwardness in teaching approaches and methods, etc.

Modifiable factors mediating the effects of educational attainment on gestational diabetes mellitus: A two-step Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Although there is currently a wealth of evidence to indicate that maternal educational attainment is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),the specific modifiable risk factors that mediate the causal relationship between these two variables have yet to be identified.AIM To identify the specific modifiable risk factors that mediate the causal relationship between the level of maternal education and GDM.METHODS Mendelian randomization(MR)was conducted using data from genome-wide association studies of European populations.We initially performed a two-sample MR analysis using data on genetic variants associated with the duration of education as instruments,and subsequently adopted a two-step MR approach using metabolic and lifestyle factors as mediators to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the level of maternal education and risk of developing GDM.In addition,we calculated the proportions of total causal effects mediated by identified metabolic and lifestyle factors.RESULTS A genetically predicted higher educational attainment was found to be associated with a lower risk of developing GDM(OR:0.71,95%CI:0.60-0.84).Among the metabolic factors assessed,four emerged as potential mediators of the education-GDM association,which,ranked by mediated proportions,were as follows:Waist-to-hip-ratio(31.56%,95%CI:12.38%-50.70%),body mass index(19.20%,95%CI:12.03%-26.42%),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(12.81%,95%CI:8.65%-17.05%),and apolipoprotein A-1(7.70%,95%CI:4.32%-11.05%).These findings proved to be robust to sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a causal relationship between lower levels of maternal education and the risk of developing GDM can be partly explained by adverse metabolic profiles.

Influencing of students＇ health status and physical education

Schools and parents should pay attention to health education for students＇ health awareness and good health habits, to establish a correct concept of health. School mental health education should be the first place; school should create a positive learning environment for students to get knowledge and skills of exercising. Especially in the nine years of compulsory education stage, we should ensure necessary physical exercise, reasonable arrangements for extracurricular activities to improve students＇ physical fitness. We should improve the school＇ s sports facilities, and create a good campus atmosphere. Schools should actively carry out extra-curricular sports activities, improve the level of quality of physical education teachers, develop students＇ sports consciousness, and improve material conditions for the students to create a good learning environment, meanwhile, we should increase the content of education, and enrich the content of physical education to enable students to select and reach more sports.

Exploration and Practice of the Path of Ideological and Political Education in College English Curriculum

Cultivating morality and nurturing talents is an important task of educational work,and the proposal of curriculum ideology and politics has laid a solid foundation for universities to implement the education of cultivating morality and nurturing talents.Ideological and political education in the curriculum,as an important tool for cultivating moral character,utilizes the main channel of classroom teaching to disseminate content related to ideological and political education and promote the development of correct core socialist values and good character in students.Integrating ideological and political elements into English courses requires students to consider multiple factors,explore ideological and political elements,and choose appropriate teaching methods.At present,the integration of ideological and political elements into college English courses is still in the exploratory stage.This article conducts a comprehensive analysis and research on the connotation of ideological and political elements in courses,and the difficulties,causes,and significance of integrating them into English courses.Lastly,practical and feasible teaching strategies are proposed,hoping to provide guidance for frontline teachers and promote students’comprehensive development.

Practitioner Perspectives on the Current Status of Agriculture Education in the United States

For modern nations, a healthy agricultural sector provides the necessary foundation for the economic growth and social progress that enhance their citizens’ quality of life. Historically, agriculture education has been a dynamic and growing facet of career and technical education in the United States. Currently, however, public policy and support for agriculture education is negatively impacted by a national attitude that devalues agriculture education and perceives it as less desirable than a four-year college degree. This paper considers the history, scope, and current status of agriculture education in the context of increasing worldwide demand for agricultural products and rapidly changing technology.

How parents' education and working status affect the nutrition and immunization status of preschool children in India

Objective:The aim of the paper is to see how educational and working status of the parents affect the nutritional and immunization status of preschool children in India.Methods:We have used data of more than 24 000 preschool children spread over different states in India.The data were collected by National Family Health Survey(NFHS-2) in 1998-99.For assessing the nutritional status,only the Z-scores of weight-forheight (WHZ) have been computed and for immunization status,it has been seen whether BCG,DPT3,Polio3 and measles have been administered.Children who fall below -2SD(-3SD) from median are considered to be moderately(severely) malnourished.Results:According to the NFHS-2 data,70%of children are vaccinated by BCG,50%receive the full course of DPT,54%get all the three dozes of polio and only 42%are protected from measles by vaccination in India.The percentages of moderately and severely wasted children in India are 12.1 and 2.8,respectively.There is a marked regional variation of these percentages.Bivariate and multivariate analysis clearly points to the need of educational status of mothers rather than fathers for proper nutritional and immunization status of preschool children.Parents’occupation and working status also have some effect,but not so pronounced as parents’education.Conclusion:The Indian preschool children need particular attention for high risk of wasting and low immunization.The prevalence of malnutrition can be arrested more by improving the mother’s education level rather than their fathers and by raising the standard of living of their house-holds.

Educational Status and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Awka, Southeast Nigeria

Background and Objectives: All over the world, cardiovascular risks constitute a heavy healthcare burden, affecting people with different levels of education, across economies in both the developed and the developing ones. Differences in educational levels in cardiovascular risks have not been completely defined. This study was set out to evaluate the influence of levels of education on the risks of cardiovascular disease in an urban community in Awka, southeast Nigeria. Methodology: In this cross sectional study of 294 subjects conducted in Awka in 2017, biodata, anthropometric and demographic data were obtained. A questionnaire was used to extract information on smoking, alcohol use, tobacco snuff use, diabetes mellitus status, time spent at work > 10 hours daily and night sleep duration < 4 hours. Blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Data were analyzed and the association between levels of education and the potential cardiovascular risks determined. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 5.4%, tobacco snuff use 5.4%, alcohol 42.2%, thickened arterial wall 27.2%, meat protein 91.8%, diabetes mellitus 9.5%, time spent at work > 10 hours daily 29.3%, obesity 33.3%, hypertension 58.5%, night sleep < 4 hours 5.4%. Levels of education has association with tobacco use (p = 0.009), alcohol use (p = 0.013), thickened arterial wall (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), time spent at work > 10 hours daily (p < 0.001), obesity (p = 0.020), hypertension (p < 0.001), meat consumption (p = 0.047). However, smoking and night sleep < 4 hours have no significant association with levels of education, p = 0.415, and p = 0.132. Conclusion: There was variability in the prevalence of cardiovascular risks at different levels of education. The prevalence of smoking and night sleep duration < 4 hours did not vary with levels of education. The prevalence of tobacco snuff and thickened arterial wall was high in primary education holders and meat consumption in secondary education. Alcohol prevalence increased with increasing levels of education. Diabetes mellitus, time spent oat work > 10 hours daily, hypertension and obesity increased in prevalence with increasing levels of education but declined with tertiary education.

Research on the Status Quo of the Curriculum of Public Physical Education in High Schools

With the advancement of high-quality education,the importance of physical education courses has been increasing.Traditionally,the teaching of sports which mainly teaches students’sports skills has mandatory learning characteristics.With the development and improvement of the physical education curriculum,the current public physical education curriculum in high schools is considered more scientific in terms of teaching content and form,focusing on the cultivation of students’interest in learning,and improving the students’various abilities and physical fitness.This article mainly analyzes the status quo of the curriculum of public physical education in high schools and proposes corresponding countermeasures.

Studies on Status of Compulsory Education Teacher Performance Pay and Commentary Flow

In recent years, scholars and teachers carried out in-depth study around performance pay of compulsory education and teacher mobility and achieved more fruitful results, providing a good theoretical basis for the next step of the researchers. But most of their researches are theoretical analysis, with more in-depth theory but less empirical research on specific measures operability, which also need more and further exploration of scholars.

On the Status and Role of Physical Education in the Construction of Campus Culture

Physical education is an important part of campus culture construction, is the most widely used form of contact with teachers and students with most dynamic, most innovative culture. This paper analyzes the content of physical education, form, composition and structure of the campus culture, to clarify the position and role of school physical education in the construction of campus culture, so that physical education plays a greater role in the construction of campus culture.

Parental Educational Attainment and Relatives’ Substance Use of American Youth: Hispanics’ Diminished Returns

Background: Research on Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) has shown higher than expected substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) in middle-class Hispanic and Black youth and adults. In theory, some of this more than expected risk might be due to the high substance use problem of their social networks. Objectives: To better understand the role of social networks as an explanatory mechanism behind higher than expected substance use among middle-class Hispanic and Black youth, this study tested MDRs of parental educational attainment on substance use involvement of biological relatives in Hispanic and Black middle-class youth. We compared ethnic groups for effects of parental educational attainment on substance use involvement of biological relatives among American youth. Methods: The current longitudinal study used waves 1 and wave 4 data of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health-Adolescents (PATH;2013-2018) study. The sample included 4264 nationally representative American youth who were followed for 4 years. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The dependent variable was substance use involvement of biological relatives. Age, gender, and marital status of the family were the covariates. Ethnicity was the moderator. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Parental educational attainment was inversely associated with substance use involvement of biological relatives in the pooled sample (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13 - 1.63 for high school graduation and OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53 - 0.80 for college graduation). Hispanic ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental educational attainment (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.49 - 3.44 for high school graduation and OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.80 - 4.93 for college graduation), suggesting that the protective effect of parental educational attainment against substance use involvement of biological relatives is smaller for Hispanic youth than for non-Hispanic youth. Conclusions: While high parental educational attainment reduces substance use involvement of biological relatives, this protective effect is weaker for Hispanic than non-Hispanic youth. That means, substance use involvement of biological relatives is still high in middle-class Hispanic youth, which increases their risk of substance use. Future research should explore societal and contextual factors that cause MDRs of parental educational attainment on substance use of middle-class Hispanic families.

A comparative analysis of information literacy curriculum standards in the educational programs of high schools in China and in the United States

Our study aims to take a closer look at China's current information literacy(IL) program standards at secondary schools and to analyze their level of success and/or failures in a comparative way with those of the United States in terms of fulfilling their each other's mission-oriented mandates. Our research findings show that China's current IL standards of high schools contain a disproportionate emphasis on information technology(IT). Moreover, the stipulations of these IL standards are narrowly construed and without being solidly grounded on a broad and comprehensive educational perspective. We also suggest that there are two underlying causes for this set of unsound IL standards in China.Firstly, there is a lack of collaboration between two major competing forces engaged in the curricular development and research of IL in China: Those professionals in educational IT discipline vis-à-vis those in Library and Information Science. Secondly, library professionals have a very limited influence on major socio-cultural policies, even at their own institutions. As a result, this paper recommends the following three possible measures,which may help remedy this situation strategically: 1) Establishing a set of new IL curriculum standards based on an IL-centered educational perspective; 2) establishing a teacher-librarian's training program to promote school librarians' role in IL education; and 3) strengthening the research and development of an online IL education program and an accompanied evaluation mechanism.

Effect of Psychological Education Combined with Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on the Symptom Cluster and Rehospitalization Rate of Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Objective:To investigate the effect of psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the symptom cluster and rehospitalization of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:This study is a longitudinal randomized controlled study involving 140 elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The patients were divided into two groups:an intervention group and a control group,with 70 cases in each group,via random number table.The patients in the control group received routine nursing,whereas those in the intervention group received psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training for 4 weeks on the basis of routine nursing.The effect of the intervention was evaluated before intervention,at the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months after intervention.Results:At the end of 1 month,3 months,and 6 months,the sleep,fatigue,anxiety,and functional status of the patients in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the control group,with statistical significance difference(P<0.05).The rehospitalization rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(X2=10.685,P=0.001).Conclusion:Psychological education combined with progressive muscle relaxation training is effective in alleviating the symptom cluster of elderly patients with coronary heart disease and reducing their rehospitalization rate;thus,it should be popularized.

Analysis of Undergraduates' Ideal and Belief Education under the Perspective of New Media

As modern information technology has developed rapidly and deepened into the field of education and teaching day by day,its impact on undergraduates' life,learning,and ideas has become increasingly widespread and in-depth. On the basis of an empirical investigation,the development of undergraduates' ideological and moral concepts,ideals and beliefs in the Internet era were analyzed. Using modern new media to educate undergraduates about their ideals and beliefs is of great significance to strengthen ideological and political education in colleges and universities.

Journalism Teacher Assessment of Education Inhibitors

Combining,, cultural-historical theory＇ of human development with research pinpointing education inhibitors, a survey was developed to investigate how journalism teachers evaluated the effects of five education inhibitors on their students＇ learning. The list of inhibitors included electronic gadgets, lack of nutrition, parental education levels, family support levels, and racial subcultures. Results showed that use of electronic gadgets and lack of parental edxlcation were perceived as having the most negative influence on learning, while students＂ subcultures were perceived as having the smallest effect. Respondents also knew the least about their students＇ nutritional intake. Further, school size and student socio-economic status seem to play some role in teacher awareness of education inhibitors, and this is an important finding. It shows that while increasing teacher awareness of various education inhibitors, demographic factors also must be considered when targeting specific inhibitors.

Under the new situation and the current situation of our English education and reform development prospects

Since the reform and opening up, China has achieved a certain degree of English education development. However, with the global trend of strengthening economic integration in the new era background, English education is gradually showing some difficult problems. Therefore, strengthening English education reform has become a hot topic of concern. The author based on the status quo of China＇ s English education, focusing on analysis of the content of the current English education reform.

Teaching Research and Reform of Higher Vocational Medical Education in Guizhou Province of China

With the development of Guizhou’s economy and society, higher vocational medical education in Guizhou has developed rapidly, making it its mission to cultivate practical and skilled talents oriented to the grassroots and serving for frontline. However, due to the social environment, policy environment and insufficient funding, many difficulties and problems are faced. It is necessary to have a unified management throughout the province, rationally lay out higher vocational colleges and specialties, and promote the healthy and rapid development of medical higher vocational education in Guizhou with advanced concepts, proper policies, and sufficient funds in place, making higher vocational medical education in Guizhou enter a benign development period.