Nutritional characteristics and fertilization of Chinese cabbage

Nutritional accumulation mainly occurres from growth stage 2 to stage 3(lotus-setting stage to early heading stage, 48 - 72 days after transplanting)in Chinese cabbage. The uptake ratio of N and K is nearly l:l,and their uptake amounts are obviously higher than that of P. Balanced fertilization .especially the suitable combination of N and K,is important for the production of high yield and high quality.

Effects of Grape Balanced Nutrition Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wine Grapes

In this study,the wine grapes balanced nutrient fertilizer(BNF)was designed according to the wine grape nutritional requirements in different growth stages,and objected to reduce fertilizer application rate of wine grape cultivation,improve fertilizer utilization rate,achieve stable yield and improve the quality of wine grapes.The experiment was carried out at the Great Wall Sanggan Winery,and the Aristocratic Winery.The experiment was designed with two treatments:Namely BNF treatment,and the traditional fertilization(CK).We investigated the effects of BNF on the quality of wine grapes by examining the plant traits of wine grapes in different experimental areas during the growing season,the fruit traits at maturity,and determined the contents of VC,organic acids,amino acids,flavonoids,soluble total sugars,soluble solids,tannins,total phenols and catechins.The results show that:①The application of grape BNF greatly reduced the application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while the vine had no fertilizer deficiency phenomenon;②It increased the single fruit weight,the ear weight and yield to varying degrees,and the yield increase range was between 12% and 41%;③The wine grapes with BNF had the following characteristics:tight infructescence,even color,small fruit less,no fruit dropped,strong fruit colloid feeling,better aroma and taste;④It greatly improved the quality of wine grapes,and increased the content of soluble solids,soluble total sugar,organic acids,VC,total phenols,flavonoids,amino acids and tannins in fruits;⑤It greatly increased the total catechin content of"Riesling"and"Syrah",and had no significant effects on the catechin content of"Merlot"and"Cabernet Sauvignon".In summary,the application of grape BNF has certain practical significance for guiding the production of local wine grapes,ensuring the yield while improving the quality,increasing the income and reducing the environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization.

Changes in Some Nutritional and Mineral Components of Nerica Rice Varieties as Affected by Field Application with Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer in Northern Cameroon

Rice as staple food is the most important and valuable cereal crop in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas where poor population cannot afford to cook and eat at their convenience. With the outbreak of Nerica varieties, it is important to evaluate and compare their nutritional and mineral properties to those of the local ones prior to their vulgarisation. Therefore, some nutritional and mineral properties of 4 Nerica and a local seeds varieties used in this study were harvested from control (T0), chemical fertilizer (TE), mycorrhiza (TM) applied plants, or their mixture (TEM). These seeds originating from Wakwa and/or Yagoua experimental sites were assessed and compared in a split-plot design (4 × 5) × 3 between treatments (4) and varieties (5). The local DIR-95 variety had values close to those of Nerica varieties in all the parameters assessed. Protein contents ranged from 17.66% - 24.35%, and was higher than those reported in rice samples elsewhere. All the studied varieties were classified as high amylose rice, and therefore, their textures in cooked form should be less sticky and harder, which is convenient to the diet behavior of many consumers. The relative low Fe content in Nerica rice suggest that these varieties may be resistant to Fe accumulation in seeds. The P, N, Mg contents were found to be more elevated in seeds harvested from mycorrhiza or chemical fertilizer applied plants, with Nerica seeds variety FKR62-N as the best of all in nutrients mineral and nutritional compositions. These results confirm varietal and site influences on proximate and mineral contents in the studied rice varieties.

Organic Carbon: A New Concept for Development of Modern Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition Theory

The development of modern fertilizers has broken the theoretical framework of traditional mineral nutrition theory,and it is urgent to take theoretical considerations.Many years of the research and development practice of new fertilizer products have provided a lot of research materials and scientific basis for the development of modern plant nutrition theory,in which the organic carbon is a major research field.This paper introduced the unique advantages of organic carbon nutrition,made clear the differences among organic fertilizer,organic nitrogen and organic carbon,and pointed out that apart from"replenishing carbon by the air(CO2)",it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to exploit a new way for fertilizing and supplementing carbon.

Studies on the Effects of Polyaspartate Protease Fertilizer Enhancer in the Absorptions of Soil Nutrition and the Enzymatic Activities of Crops

The effects of polyaspartate protease fertilizer enhancer, made from oyster shell proteins, on the absorption of soil nutrition and the enzymatic activities of crops were studied. It has been found that the enhancer contributes 30%, 50% and 50% augmentation of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potassium (K) absorption respectively and about 20% of nitrate reductase and peroxide enzyme activities of crops. These results show that polyaspartate protease fertilizer enhancer could improve significantly the absorption and utilization efficiencies of soil nutrition and the activities of nitrate reductase and peroxide enzyme of crops, thus elevating the utilization rates of chemical fertilizers to a certain extent.

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Timothy (<i>Phleum pratense</i>L.), Silage Fermentation, Nutritive Values, and Nutrient Intake

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of potassium fertilizer (standard (S) and high (H) levels) on water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), silage fermentation, nutritive values, and nutrient intake. The silage treatments were as follows: S level without inoculant (SC), S level plus inoculant (SI), H level without inoculant (HC), and H level plus inoculant (HI). The K content was increased by 14.5% in timothy grown with the H level compared with the S level. The WSC contents of the S and H treatments were 75.9 and 66.1 g·kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively. The silage fermentation quality was low with both SC and HC treatments. The addition of inoculant significantly improved the fermentation quality in SI and HI treatments. The addition increased the DM and organic matter digestibilities of silage. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of silage was highest with the HI treatment. The DM, TDN, and digestible energy intakes with the SI and HI treatments were improved compared with the SC and HC treatments, respectively. This study demonstrated negligible effects of K fertilizer levels and significant effects of the lactic acid bacteria inoculant on the fermentation quality, nutritive values, and feed intake of silage.

Impact of Organic and Mineral Fertilization in Pecan Nut on Production,Quality and Antioxidant Capacity

The pecan nut is considered one of the most important dried fruits in the world by its classification as healthy food. The nutritional balance in the harvest is crucial for its impact on the production, quality and content of bioactive compounds. This research was carried out in the city of Aldama, Chihuahua (Mexico), where doses of mineral and organic fertilization were tested in L25 Taguchi structure with 6 factors and 5 levels by factor: nitrogen (N) 0 - 240 kg·ha-1, phosphate (P2O5) 0 - 120 kg·ha-1, potassium (K2O) 0 - 100 kg·ha-1, calcium (CaO) 0 - 400 kg·ha-1, liquid humus 0 - 3600 L·ha-1 and solid humus 0 - 8000 kg·ha-1. An average yield of 2.2 t·ha-1 was obtained;145 nuts per kilogram, 60% of the edible part of the nut. The total phenolic content was 225.9 mg gallic acid g-1 and the antioxidant capacity was 180.9 mg Trolox g-1. It is concluded that the factor with the greatest impact on yield, quality and antioxidant capacity in pecan nut was nitrogen. It was also found that the combination of mineral and organic fertilization helps to maintain the production and quality ranges of the nut. In turn, these factors contribute to the increase in the phenolic strength and antioxidant capacity. The optimal fertilization dosis to obtain the maximum levels in production of 3.2 t·ha-1;decrease the number of nuts per kilogram to 135, increase the percentage of the edible part of the nut to 61.8%, the increase in the total phenolic content to 318.6 mg of gallic acid g-1 and in the antioxidant capacity with 187.2 mg of Trolox g-1, was 184 kg·ha-1 of N, 107.4 kg·ha-1 of P2O5, 50 kg·ha-1 of K2O y 2777 L·ha-1 of liquid humus. Finally, the mineral fertilization complemented with organic fertilization is considered a good fertilization strategy for pecan trees and its possible benefits to health and the environment.

Post-Planting Fertilization as a Reforestation Aid on a Sulfurous, Semiarid Surface Mine

Selected fertilizer formulations were assessed for their capacity to enhance growth and nutrition of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) seedlings on an acidic and possibly toxic Sierran surface mine when applied three years after planting. In a study encompassing five growing seasons conducted on a semiarid, montane surface mine site on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, seedling survival, dimensions, and volume measurements were coupled with foliar and soil analyses for macronutrients, micronutrients, and potentially phytotoxic metallic elements. Administered by broadcasting at four rates each, the formulations consisted of an organic amendment derived from municipal biosolids;a controlled release fertilizer containing urea, ammoniacal, and nitrate N sources;and two conventional fertilizers with one featuring urea as the predominant N form while the other delivered ammoniacal and nitrate forms. None of the formulations induced seedling mortality regardless of application rate, but the controlled release fertilizer and the conventional urea-based formulation were the most stimulatory overall, with intermediate rates of both proving most advantageous among those tested. Foliar analysis revealed that enhanced N and P nutrition, which was otherwise severely impacted by soil infertility, possibly along with that of K, probably accounted for most of the growth stimulation by the amendments, but an accessory role may have been attributable to reduced concentrations of potentially phytotoxic metallic elements, principally Mn but possibly including Fe, Cu, and Al, for which soil levels were all exceedingly elevated. With careful selection of formulation and application rate, post-planting broadcast fertilization can enhance growth and nutrition of Jeffrey pine on degraded substrates. These results provide a more complete understanding of the benefits that judicious fertilization can impart to young forest stands on surface mines and other harsh sites.

Test Your Nutrition IQ

(All of us eat every day,but mostof us don’t understand nutrition.How much do you know about good nutrition?Pleaseanswer these twelve questions based on current ideasabout food and health.The answers may surprise you.) Are the following statements true or false? 1.You’ll get proper nourishment if you just eat avariety of foods. False.Variety is not a guarantee of good nutri-tion.But adults can generally get a balanced diet byincluding several servings daily from the four main

新阶段植物营养学的研究重点

植物营养学是研究营养元素在土壤-植物系统迁移、转化和利用规律的基础性学科,是支撑全球粮食安全、耕地质量安全、生态环境安全的重要学科。以组学技术和人工智能为代表的学科前沿不断拓展了植物营养学的研究范畴,同时,耕地高强度利用下如何实现作物高产、养分高效、生态健康等多重目标成为新阶段植物营养学的研究重点和难点。本文回顾了近年来植物营养学在营养遗传、养分循环、新型肥料、高效施肥等方向取得的创新进展,同时,基于我国植物营养学研究短板,提出了新阶段植物营养学研究的重点任务,主要包括作物养分高效与抗逆分子调控网络、土壤养分循环与微生物组功能挖掘、新型绿色高效肥料创制与应用、农田养分协同优化原理与方法等方面,旨在推动农业高质量发展,为保障粮食安全和农业绿色发展提供科技支撑。

不同氮锌水平对燕麦生长特性和品质的影响

以燕麦(白燕2号)为实验材料,设置4个不同水平氮肥与锌肥施用量,探究不同氮锌水平对燕麦光合特性及籽粒品质的影响。研究结果表明:氮锌配施下,处理组与对照组相比燕麦株高、叶面积和产量显著增加;燕麦叶绿素含量,胞间CO_(2)浓度,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率与对照组相比均显著增加;燕麦籽粒的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉质量分数比对照组显著提高了24.53%、14.49%和29.24%;氮锌配施是促进燕麦生长的有效方法,施氮量为16 g·m^(-2),施锌量1.50 g·m^(-2)时效果最佳,可提高燕麦光合作用效率、增加产量并改善籽粒品质。

不同水平有机肥对黑麦草产量、营养品质及发酵品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的有机肥对黑麦草产量、营养成分及发酵品质的影响。试验以邦德品种的多花黑麦草为试验材料,设置4个有机肥施肥水平,即750(1组)、1000(2组)、1250(3组)、1500 kg/hm^(2)(4组),探讨施加不同水平的有机肥条件下多花黑麦草产量、营养成分及发酵品质的变化。结果显示,试验3组和试验4组黑麦草株高、鲜草产量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验3组黑麦草第一茬的干草产量显著高于试验1组和试验2组(P<0.05),试验2组、试验3组和试验4组黑麦草第三茬的干草产量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。试验3组和试验4组黑麦草的粗蛋白含量显著高于试验1组和试验2组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于试验1组(P<0.05)。试验3组和试验4组黑麦草青贮粗蛋白含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),氨态氮、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于试验1组(P<0.05);试验2组、试验3组、试验4组黑麦草青贮的乳酸、乙酸含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),且试验3组乳酸含量显著高于试验2组和试验4组(P<0.05)。试验3组和试验4组发酵黑麦草中粗蛋白含量显著高于试验1组和试验2组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于试验1组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在黑麦草种植过程中施1250 kg/hm^(2)的有机肥对其草产量、营养成分及发酵品质较好。

微生物菌剂与氮肥配施对紫花苜蓿生长及土壤性质的影响

为获得河西地区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)人工草地上的最佳施肥组合。以‘惊盛’紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,研究微生物菌剂与氮肥减量配施对紫花苜蓿植株生长、营养品质及土壤理化性质的影响,结果表明:与全量氮肥(CK)相比,微生物菌剂与氮肥减量处理的紫花苜蓿株高、干草产量无显著差异;与CK相比,C8,G8,C7和G7处理的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量无显著差异,其中G7处理的紫花苜蓿粗蛋白含量最高;微生物菌剂与氮肥减量处理增加了土壤铵态氮含量(P<0.05),而土壤有机质、速效磷、含水率和pH值差异不显著;与CK相比,G7处理显著增加了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。通过对不同施肥处理的紫花苜蓿生长、营养和土壤指标的综合分析,综合表现最好的为G7(根瘤菌剂与氮肥减量30%),有利于减少河西地区氮肥用量,为河西地区紫花苜蓿的科学施肥提供依据。

氮肥施用对岩溶区石灰土种植火龙果品质的影响

为探究岩溶区石灰土条件下火龙果的氮肥施用水平对其果实品质的影响,该文模拟岩溶区石灰土土壤环境开展盆栽试验,以“台湾大红”火龙果为材料,在磷(P)、钾(K)分别为0.216、0.324 kg的基础上,设置4种施氮(N)水平(CK、T1、T2、T3),测定21个果实品质指标,比较不同施氮水平的火龙果品质差异,同时利用主成分分析法对11个外观品质指标进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)施氮可提高果实可溶性糖含量及可溶性固形物含量,降低蛋白质含量及膳食纤维含量,高N处理(T3)与其他处理差异显著;随施N量增加,果实可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量呈先升后降的趋势,而固酸比随施N量呈先降后升的趋势;高N处理明显提高了果实的纵径、横径、果形指数及单果重。(2)施N处理降低了火龙果果实N含量,提高了P含量,各处理间的N、P含量差异显著;果实K含量随着施N量的增加而提高;施N增加了果实硼(B)含量,降低了果实铜(Cu)含量;不同处理果实锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)含量高低排序为T3>T1>CK>T2;锌(Zn)含量随施N量呈先降低后增加的趋势。(3)高N处理的主成分综合评价得分最高,说明选择桂林岩溶区棕色石灰土种植火龙果时辅以一定量的P肥、K肥,高N处理更有利于提高火龙果品质。因此,在实际生产中需根据种植园的土壤肥力状况进行适当调整。

适宜氮肥和缩节胺配合施用显著提高棉花“四桃”种子的播种和营养品质

【目的】研究棉花“四桃”种子品质及其对氮肥和缩节胺(DPC)配合施用的响应,为高质量棉花种子高效生产提供科学依据。【方法】2015—2017年,在郑州市黄河滩区进行双因素裂区设计田间试验。主区为3个氮肥用量,即:不施氮肥(N0)、施用常量氮肥(N1,225 kg/hm^(2))和过量氮肥(N2,450 kg/hm^(2));副区为3个DPC用量,即:不喷施DPC(D0)、喷施常量DPC(D1,75 g/hm^(2))和过量DPC(D2,150 g/hm^(2))。测定了棉花“四桃”种子的播种品质(籽指、发芽势和发芽率)和营养品质(总蛋白、粗脂肪、总淀粉、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量)。【结果】“四桃”种子的播种品质和营养品质差异显著,伏桃和早秋桃的籽指以及发芽势和发芽率没有显著差异,二者均显著高于伏前桃和晚秋桃。伏桃和早秋桃的总蛋白和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于伏前桃和晚秋桃,但总淀粉和可溶性糖含量显著低于伏前桃和晚秋桃,“四桃”的粗脂肪含量差异不显著。施用氮肥与DPC均可显著提升“四桃”种子的发芽品质和营养品质。N1处理“四桃”种子的平均籽指与N2没有显著差异,发芽势和发芽率显著高于N2处理;N1处理的种子总蛋白、可溶性蛋白和粗脂肪平均含量显著高于N2处理,但总淀粉、可溶性糖显著低于N2处理。D1处理的种子平均籽指低于D2处理,平均发芽势和发芽率高于D2;D1处理的种子总蛋白、可溶性蛋白、粗脂肪平均含量高于D2,总淀粉、可溶性糖平均含量低于D2。在氮肥与DPC的9个用量组合中,N1D1组合的发芽势、总蛋白、可溶性蛋白和粗脂肪含量均最高,较其他8个处理组合分别增加了3.35%~40.86%、3.80%~43.01%、13.75%~54.86%和1.11%~13.48%。种子的发芽势和发芽率与总蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关,与总淀粉和可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关。【结论】在黄河流域棉区,棉花伏桃和早秋桃的种子质量明显优于伏前桃和晚秋桃。适宜氮肥与DPC用量组合可显著提高种子总蛋白、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量,降低总淀粉和可溶性糖含量,进而提升发芽势和发芽率。施用常量氮肥(225 kg/hm^(2))配合常量DPC(75 g/hm^(2)),并采收早秋桃和伏桃有利于提升棉花种子质量。

施肥和收获期对拉萨河谷地区白草产量和饲用品质的影响

为探究西藏地区白草(Pennisetum flaccidum)优质、高产的种植方式,本研究在拉萨河谷区设置N_(0)(0 kg·hm^(-2))、N_(300)(300 kg·hm^(-2))、N_(600)(600 kg·hm^(-2))和N_(900)(900 kg·hm^(-2))施肥处理,分别于抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期采集试验样品,分析不同施肥梯度和收获期对白草产量、饲用品质和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:白草干草产量随施肥量增加呈上升趋势,在抽穗期和成熟期显著高于乳熟期(P<0.05)。白草粗蛋白含量随收获期推迟而逐渐降低,粗灰分含量随施肥量增加呈下降趋势,但施肥对不同收获期的白草酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和酸性洗涤木质素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。白草土壤全氮含量在抽穗期随施肥量增加呈现先增后减趋势,全磷含量随施肥量增加以及收获期的推迟而趋于下降。在抽穗期收割N_(900)处理的白草生产性能最佳,其次是同期收割N_(600)处理的白草,但后者较前者拥有更优的经济和生态效益。

水肥耦合对香蕉和番木瓜幼苗生长的影响

分析不同氮、磷、钾含量配比与基质相对含水率的耦合对香蕉和番木瓜幼苗生长的影响,为节约型精准化苗木培育提供理论依据。以‘巴西蕉’和‘紫晖’番木瓜假植苗为材料,采用双因素随机区组设计4个水平氮、磷、钾含量配比和3个水平基质相对含水率的交互组合,共12个处理(T1~T12),以传统水肥处理为对照(CK),测定不同处理的香蕉和番木瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶片SPAD值、叶面积、地上部干重及根系总长度、表面积、平均直径、根尖数等生长形态指标,并对地上部生长指标进行PCA综合评价。在香蕉幼苗试验中,T6处理对株高、叶面积、地上部干重及根系总长度、表面积、平均直径影响最大,T1处理的茎粗最大,T1、T5和T6处理叶片数最多,均为7.60片,T5处理的叶片SPAD值最高,T7处理的根尖数最多,地上部生长指标PCA综合评价得分为T6>T5>T1>T2>T10>T3>T9>T7>T11>T12>T4>T8>CK。在番木瓜幼苗试验中,T10处理对株高、叶面积、叶片数、地上部干重影响最明显,T9处理的叶片数、地上部干重与T10处理一致,并显著增加根系总长度、表面积、根尖数,T11处理的叶片SPAD值最高,T2处理的根系平均直径最大,地上部生长指标PCA综合评价得分为T10>T9>T1>T11>T6>T3>T2>T5>T7>CK>T12>T8>T4。培育香蕉和番木瓜幼苗的最佳氮、磷、钾含量配比均为20:10:20,最佳基质相对含水率分别为80%和70%。

有机-无机肥配施对新疆核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响

[目的]研究有机-无机肥配施对核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响,筛选影响叶片养分的主要土壤化学因子,为新疆核桃园土壤养分资源高效管理提供科学依据。[方法]以新疆喀什地区叶城县核桃主栽区的10年生‘温185’核桃为研究对象,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,以当地主要的化肥施用类型(磷酸氢二铵和硫酸钾,YD)为对照,探究有机-无机肥配施(矿源黄腐酸钾和中量元素水溶肥,YZ)对核桃园土壤化学特性和叶片矿质元素的影响。[结果]与YD施肥措施相比,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH、盐离子含量,提高了叶片矿质元素含量,但具有季节性差异。其中,5月,YZ处理显著提高了土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N(460.22%)、AK(46.46%)和叶片N(12.16%)、K(17.46%)、Zn(21.88%)元素含量;7月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH(2.21%)、EC(27.25%)、Cl^(-)-S(23.37%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(61.09%)、AP(30.03%)、Na^(+)(13.24%)和叶片Cl^(-)-L(15.94%)元素含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了叶片N(4.16%)、P(13.25%)、Ca(20.73%)、Mg(44.04%)、Na(66.67%)、Fe(24.62%)、Mn(52.47%)、B(31.85%)元素含量(p<0.05);9月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤EC(20.45%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(37.31%)、AP(21.74%)、Na^(+)(11.36%)含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了OM(22.17%)、NO_(3)^(-)-N(59.09%)、AK(56.47%)含量(p<0.05)。线性回归分析结果表明,土壤pH、Na+和Cl^(-)-S是新疆核桃园中影响核桃叶片矿质元素含量的重要土壤化学因子,增施有机肥并且降低土壤pH,有利于叶片N、P、K、Na、Fe、Zn元素的积累。[结论]YD处理提高了土壤EC、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)-S、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,长期施用可能会加剧新疆核桃园的土壤盐渍化水平;YZ处理可显著降低土壤pH、Na^(+)、EC、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,提高了叶片N、P、K、Fe等矿质元素含量,建议在新疆核桃主栽区核桃园,7月之前可通过有机-无机肥配施降低土壤盐渍化水平来减轻盐碱危害,同时平衡叶片矿质元素含量,而应尽量避免长期单一施用化肥。

氮肥减量配施碳基营养肥对大白菜产量和品质及土壤养分的影响

【目的】阐明碳基营养肥和化肥对土壤养分及大白菜生长、产量和品质的影响,为大白菜生产中合理施肥提供参考。【方法】以大白菜品种春大白菜9号为研究对象,在西北农林科技大学太白蔬菜试验示范站和陕西杨凌的曹新庄试验农场2个试验点同时进行大白菜施肥试验。试验共设常规施肥(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的施用量分别为300,120和112.5 kg/hm^(2),CK)、有机-无机复混肥(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O的施用量分别为360,240和120 kg/hm^(2),OF)、常规施肥基础上减施氮肥15%(N1)、常规施肥基础上减施氮肥30%(N2)、N1处理基础上配施碳基营养肥2250 kg/hm^(2)(CN1)、N2处理基础上配施碳基营养肥2250 kg/hm^(2)(CN2)6个施肥处理,每处理3次重复。分别采集2个试验点大白菜莲座期、结球期、采收期0~20 cm根围土壤,测定土壤养分含量,并于采收期测定大白菜农艺性状、产量和品质,分析不同施肥措施对大白菜种植区土壤养分及大白菜品质和产量的影响。【结果】2个试验点减施氮肥显著抑制了大白菜生长,降低了大白菜产量,而施用有机-无机复混肥和碳基营养肥对大白菜产量和品质有明显促进作用,其中太白试验点OF和CN1处理大白菜的产量较CK分别显著增加12.8%和7.6%。配施碳基营养肥处理可以显著提高大白菜的营养品质,2个试验点CN1处理大白菜的可溶性蛋白含量较CK分别显著增加了29.6%和29.1%,可溶性糖含量较CK分别显著增加了106.9%和60.6%,维生素C含量较CK分别显著增加了15.5%和25.3%。在大白菜的同一生育时期,2个试验点施肥处理土壤理化性质的变化趋势类似,在大白菜采收期,与CK相比,太白与杨凌试验点的CN1处理土壤EC分别显著下降19.9%和7.0%,而土壤铵态氮含量分别显著增加25.2%和33.1%,土壤硝态氮含量分别显著增加10.8%和17.1%,土壤有效磷含量分别显著增加23.7%和30.7%。【结论】在两种类型土壤上施用有机-无机复混肥与碳基营养肥均取得了较好的表现,其中OF和CN1处理能够增加土壤养分含量,提高土壤综合肥力水平,进而促进大白菜生长,改善大白菜营养品质。