Effects of Continuous Steaming on Milling Characteristics of Two Indica Rice Varieties

Parboiling improves milling characteristics of rice in a positive manner, which has been found to influence consumers demand and acceptability. A laboratory model of continuous steaming unit was fabricated and tested with two indica rice varieties, fine （ADT39） and coarse （CO43） rice, at three different soaking temperatures （50, 60 and 70 ~C） for 4 h and five residence times of steaming （1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 min）. The effects of continuous steaming on milling characteristics of rice were studied and compared with the values obtained from the control experiment （open steaming process under laboratory conditions）. The favourable conditions for continuous parboiling of the fine variety ADT39 were identified as soaking at 70 ~C for 4 h and 3.0 min residence time of Steaming. These conditions showed head rice outturn of 74.0%. The favourable processing conditions for the coarse variety CO43 were found to be 4 h of soaking at 60 ~C and steaming of 3.0 min residence time, and at these conditions the head rice outturn was 73.9%.

Effects of Steaming on the Tensile Mechanical Properties of Cashmere Fiber

The cashmere yarns were set in steam of 120℃ for 5 minutes after they had been extended to about 3% and wrapped onto the glass mandrels, which was relevant to the industrial setting processes. The effects of the steaming on the tensile mechanical properties of cashmere fiber are investigated. The extension in ' yield region' and the extension at rupture of the set cashmere fiber are obviously decreased.

ANALYSIS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF SERICIN MODIFICATION WITH DIRECT STEAMING FOR COOKING COCOON

Results of circular dichromatic spectrographic analysis of sericin revealcd a modification in the character of sericinafter direct steaming for cooking dry cocoon.That is,the molecular structure of cocoon shell sericin transforms fromthe frowned random structure to β- fold structure.The sericin modification reduces undulation of the gummingforce of cocoon shell sericin. Therefore,it is one of the key ways to improve the neatness of raw silk.

Effect of Steaming, Steam-Drying and Frying on the Provitamins A and Ascorbic Acid Contents of Squash （ Cucurbita Spp.）

Vitamin A deficiency still remains a nutritional concern in Cameroon. Squashes pulp is rich in provitamins A and could help to reduce this deficiency. Unfortunately, in Cameroon, squash pulp is more often reserved for the nutrition of sick people and domestic animals. This study aimed at encouraging the consumption of squash pulp to contribute to vitamin A needs. The contents of a-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and ascorbic acid were determined respectively by HPLC and titration with 2.6 dichlorophenol-indophenol in five landraces of raw, steamed, steam-dried and fried squash pulp from Cameroon. Moisture and total lipid content were also determined. Peeled pulp squash of 5 cm slice was steamed at 90℃ for 30 min or at 85℃ for 30 min, sliced again at 5 mm thickness and dried at 80℃ during 4 h to obtained steamed or steam-dried squashes. To have fried squashes, 40 g of 1 mm thickness slices pulp were fried in boiling refined palm oil （free of carotenoids） bath at 150℃ during 7 and 10 min. The results obtained showed that steam-drying and frying of squashes leaded to water losses （89%-95%）. As a consequence of this, the a-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and ascorbic acid contents （expressed in g （100 g）-1 fresh portion） of steam-dried and fried squashes were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than those of steamed and raw pulp. However, the retention rate of provitamins A and ascorbic acid was more elevated in steamed than in steam-dried and fried squashes. These results suggest that steam-dried and fried squashes could contribute to fight against vitamin A deficiency while increasing availability of squashes.

Clinical Research on Alleviating Pain for Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Their Active Function by Acupuncture with Chinese Medicine Fuming and Steaming

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical effect of acupuncture combined with TCM fumigation on pain and active function improvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: 42 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were selected in hospital from October 2016 to October 2017, who were randomly divided into 2 groups by number table method. 21 patients received conventional treatment as control group. 21 patients combined with acupuncture, TCM fumigation treatment as observation group. Clinical indicators, activity function, pain scores were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, BASDAI score, BASFI score, VAS score after treatment decreased in two groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Chest mobility, lumbar pitch, Schober test, occipital wall distance, lumbar lateral flexion after treatment increased in two groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Refers to distance, morning stiffness time, rump length after treatment reduced in two groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, BASDAI score, BASFI score, VAS score in observation group were lower than control group after treatment(P<0.05). Chest mobility, lumbar pitch, Schober test, occipital wall distance, lumbar lateral flexion in observation group were higher than control group after treatment(P<0.05). Refers to distance, rump length in observation group were smaller than control group after treatment(P<0.05). Morning stiffness time in observation group was less than control group after treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture combined with TCM fumigation can significantly improve pain and active function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Effects of steaming process on rare saponins and efficacy of Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolium

The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application value. The traditional steaming process has high energy consumption, low efficiency, and lacks standardized operating procedures and unified standards. This paper retrieves the research literature on the steaming process parameters, rare saponin increments, and efficacy enhancement results of ginseng plants. By summarizing the effects of different steaming processes on rare saponins and pharmacodynamics in P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium, we explored new steaming methods and established a new quality evaluation system to provide guarantee for the effectiveness and safety of clinical medication and provide scientific basis for its rational use.

凸显情境学习的S-STEAM教学模式构建研究

情境学习与STEAM教育在学理逻辑上有所契合,在实践路径上有着重叠,共同围绕如何促进学习者学习和提升其核心素养而展开,有着融合发展的可行性、必然性和培养创新型人才的特殊价值。凸显情境学习的STEAM教育成为促进学习者跨学科学习的主流趋势,亟需构建情境取向的STEAM教学模式。基于此,采用DBR、DBIR和参与式设计方法设计了融入情境学习的S-STEAM教学模式,并采用准实验的方法进行了两轮迭代应用及改进研究。实践表明,该教学模式有助于学习者STEAM素养和情境学习能力的培养。

Stability of Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalysts towards steaming and coking in the dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide

Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalysts with Ni loadings of 1 to 13 wt-% were prepared, characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, temperature programmed oxidation, temperature programmed reduc- tion, and tested for their activity and stability in the dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide at 850 ℃, gas hourly space velocity of 6000 and 1800 h^-1 and atmo- spheric pressure. The SiO2-ZrO2 support as obtained through a simple and efficient sol-gel synthesis is highly porous （ABET = 90 m^·g^-1, dp= 4.4 nm） with a homogeneously distributed Si-content of 3 wt-%. No loss of Si or formation ofmonoclinic ZrO2, even after steaming at 850 ℃ for 160 h, was detectable. The catalyst with 5 wt-% Ni loading in its fully reduced state is stable over 15 h on-stream in the dry reforming reaction. If the catalyst was not fully reduced, a reduction during the early stages of dry reforming is accompanied by the deposition of up to 44 mg· g^-1 carbon as shown by experiments in a magnetic suspension balance. Rapid coking occurs for increased residence times and times-on-stream starting at 50 h. The Ni loading of 5 wt-% on SiO2-ZrO2 was shown to provide an optimal balance between activity and coking tendency.

In vitro hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of steamed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua with various steaming degrees:Relationship with homoisoflavonoids

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua,an edible and medicinal plant in China,is usually steamed and then dried before use.Changes in homoisoflavonoids composition,radical scavenging activity,starch digestive enzyme inhibitory activity,cell glucose consumption and intracellular ROS formation of steamed P.cyrtonema Hua rhizome with various steaming degrees were investigated.Nine homoisoflavonoids were identified in raw and steamed rhizome extracts,and their contents were almost increased with increasing steaming degree.Steamed rhizome extract had increased activities to scavenge free radicals,reduce ferric iron,and inhibitα-amylase andα-glucosidase.The treatment with dark-steamed and deep-dark-steamed rhizome extracts restored glucose consumption in IR-HepG2 cells to normal level,and suppressed ROS level to that of Trolox treated group.Multivariate analyses(heat-map,correlation coefficient and PCA)indicated that the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of steamed rhizome depended on steaming degree,and were significantly correlated with disporopsin and 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-homoisoflavanone(p<0.05).Overall,these results suggested that steaming degree had remarkable impacts on homoisoflavonoids composition and bioactivities of P.cyrtonema Hua rhizome,and homoisoflavonoids greatly contributed to these activities.

Spectrum-Toxicity Correlation Study Revealed the Influence of the Nine-Time Steaming and Sun Drying Method on Hepatotoxic Components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix

Objective:Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PM)is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years.We wondered whether the classical processing method,namely,nine-time steaming and sun drying(NSSD),had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing,as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds.Materials and Methods:The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography.The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis.Results:The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying,which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method.Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing,which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity.After the five times of NSSD,the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady.Moreover,we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD.Based on the fact,they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying.Conclusions:This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.

融合STEAM教育理念的高中概率与统计教学设计——以人教B版高中数学教材选择性必修第二册第四章“一元线性回归模型”为例

《普通高中数学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》在论及课程内容时强调要加强数学与生活及其他学科的联系,提升学生应用数学解决实际问题的能力。在“一元线性回归模型”一课的教学中,教师可以开发融合STEAM教育理念的高中概率与统计教学设计,提高学生解决实际问题的能力,促使学生理解数学知识的本质。

STEAM理念下初中数学项目式学习策略研究

随着教育改革的持续推进,教育界对学生综合能力的培养提出了更高标准,涵盖创新思维、批判性思维及问题解决能力等多个方面。传统教育模式往往局限于单一学科的教学,缺乏跨学科的整合与实践导向,因此,STEAM教育理念与项目式学习逐渐受到关注。本文首先探讨了STEAM教育理念与项目式学习相结合的必要性,并论证了两者融合的高度可行性。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨了如何在初中数学教学中有效实施STEAM教育理念与项目式学习的融合策略,旨在提升教学效果,强化学生的实践与创新能力,从而为社会培养更多具备创新精神的人才。

Dynamic Regulation of Hydrogen Bonding Networks and Solvation Structures for Synergistic Solar‑Thermal Desalination of Seawater and Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Although solar steam generation strategy is efficient in desalinating seawater,it is still challenging to achieve continuous solar-thermal desalination of seawater and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.Herein,dynamic regulations of hydrogen bonding networks and solvation structures are realized by designing an asymmetric bilayer membrane consisting of a bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotube/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod top layer and a bacterial cellulose/Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)nanorod(BCH)bottom layer.Crucially,the hydrogen bonding networks inside the membrane can be tuned by the rich surface–OH groups of the bacterial cellulose and Co_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)as well as the ions and radicals in situ generated during the catalysis process.Moreover,both SO_(4)^(2−)and HSO_(5)−can regulate the solvation structure of Na^(+)and be adsorbed more preferentially on the evaporation surface than Cl^(−),thus hindering the de-solvation of the solvated Na^(+)and subsequent nucleation/growth of NaCl.Furthermore,the heat generated by the solar-thermal energy conversion can accelerate the reaction kinetics and enhance the catalytic degradation efficiency.This work provides a flow-bed water purification system with an asymmetric solar-thermal and catalytic membrane for synergistic solar thermal desalination of seawater/brine and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

基于STEAM教育理念的小学信息科技教学策略研究

如何将STEAM教育理念与学科教学融合,提升育人活动的开展效果是很多教师都在认真思考的课题。为提升小学信息科技教学的质量,作者运用经验总结和案例分析等研究方法,系统论述了基于STEAM教育理念的小学信息科技教学策略,指出教师可以在恰当的教学环节引入创设情境、师生互动、深度引导、作品分享和链接现实等活动,让学生受到STEAM教育理念的影响,取得理想的学习效果。

自创STEAM活动开发学生潜能

STEAM理念下的科技实践探究活动在小学的开展,不仅可以激发学生探究科学的热情,还可以培养学生的思维力、动手操作能力、创造力、意志力等能力。STEAM课程的开展,可以有效提高学生的科学素养、技术素养、工程素养、艺术素养和数学素养。教师自创的STEAM系列活动“托起三个小太阳”“造纸桥”和“做纸环”都是基于大学科融合背景下的创造性课程,对开发学生创新潜能有着深远的意义。

STEAM教育理念下幼儿园生活化建构活动探究

在当今教育领域不断创新与发展的浪潮中,早期教育的重要性愈发凸显,而幼儿园作为幼儿启蒙教育的关键场所,其教育方式与活动设计对幼儿的成长有着深远影响。STEAM 教育理念以其跨学科整合的独特优势,为幼儿园教育注入了新的活力,将其融入生活化建构活动能够为幼儿提供一个丰富多元且极具实践意义的学习平台。本文旨在探究这一理念下幼儿园生活化建构活动的设计、实施及其对幼儿发展的重要价值,以期为幼儿园教育实践提供有益的参考与借鉴,推动幼儿教育迈向新的高度。

创设教学情境 构建高效课堂

STEAM教育作为一种跨学科的教育模式,尤为注重对学生实践运用能力的培养,将其引入小学科学教学中,对于提升教学效果具有重要意义。而情境教学法在STEAM教学中的应用,能够打破传统教育模式的局限,通过创设多样化的教学情境,为学生提供丰富的学习体验,可以充分激发学生的学习兴趣,培养其创造性思维,促进科学、技术与数学等多学科知识的有效整合,构建小学科学高效课堂。

STEAM理念融入小学语文课堂教学的策略研究

在素质教育时代背景下,社会各界对人才的能力和其他要求逐渐提高。STEAM教育理念作为一种新型的理念,对于学生培养自主学习能力和创新思维意识有着深远影响。尤其是在小学语文教学活动实际应用中,授课教师应摒弃传统、单一的机械化教学方式,结合实际情况制定合理的语文教学计划,在逐步渗透STEAM理念后,促使学生在交流合作中形成较高学科核心素养。基于此,笔者结合实际情况,以部编版小学语文教材文本为例,首先简单说明了STEAM理念融入小学语文课堂教学的应用价值;其次从不同角度分析了STEAM理念融入小学语文课堂教学的应用价值,希望能够给同行提供一定的参考价值。

基于STEAM教育理念的幼儿园课程设计与实施探讨

随着社会的不断进步,传统教育方式已难以满足孩子全面发展的需求。STEAM教育强调跨学科融合,通过整合科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学等元素,旨在培养孩子的创造力、解决问题能力和团队合作精神。我们开发了“发现自然奇观”“塑造交通未来”等主题的STEAM活动,融入多种STEAM元素,鼓励孩子积极参与。在实施过程中,教师作为引导者,激发孩子的好奇心和探索欲,创造具体疑问和问题,引导孩子在实践活动中运用STEAM元素解决问题。未来研究方向包括完善课程设计、推广STEAM理念、深入探索STEAM教育对幼儿长期发展的影响。

基于STEAM教育理念的项目式学习的设计与实施——以“快速解冻肉的小妙招”项目为例

随着课程改革的推进,“综合与实践”领域进一步细化内容和要求,这是机遇也是挑战.初中阶段的“综合与实践”多以项目式学习模式展开,研究者将有效实现项目式学习作为目标,探索基于STEAM教育理念的项目式教学操作流程,以“快速解冻肉的小妙招”项目为例,提供初中数学项目式教学设计参考.