Numerical investigation of temperature gradient-induced thermal stress for steel–concrete composite bridge deck in suspension bridges

A3D finite element model(FEM)with realistic field measurements of temperature distributions is proposed to investigate the thermal stress variation in the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system.First,a brief literaturereview indicates that traditional thermal stress calculation in suspension bridges is based on the2D plane structure with simplified temperature profiles on bridges.Thus,a3D FEM is proposed for accurate stress analysis.The focus is on the incorporation of full field arbitrary temperature profile for the stress analysis.Following this,the effect of realistic temperature distribution on the structure is investigated in detail and an example using field measurements of Aizhai Bridge is integrated with the proposed3D FEM model.Parametric studies are used to illustrate the effect of different parameters on the thermal stress distribution in the bridge structure.Next,the discussion and comparison of the proposed methodology and simplified calculation method in the standard is given.The calculation difference and their potential impact on the structure are shown in detail.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations for future bridge analysis and design are given based on the proposed study.

Design methods of headed studs for composite decks of through steel bridges in high-speed railway

Aimed at two typical composite floor systems of through steel bridges in high speed railway,design methods of headed studs were put forward for different composite members through comparing and analyzing the structure,mechanical characteristics and transmission routes of deck loads.The simplified calculation models were brought out for the stud design of the longitudinal girders and transverse girders in the composite floor system of Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge (NDB).Studs were designed and arranged by taking the middle panel of 336 m main span for example.The results show that under deck loads,the longitudinal girders in the composite floor system of through steel bridges are in tension-bending state,longitudinal shear force on the interface is caused by both longitudinal force of "The first mechanical system" and vertical bending of "The second mechanical system",and studs can be arranged with equal space in terms of the shear force in range of 0.2d (where d is the panel length) on the top ends.Transverse girders in steel longitudinal and transverse girders-concrete slab composite deck are in compound-bending state,and out-of-plane bending has to be taken into account in the stud design.In orthotropic integral steel deck-concrete slab composite deck,out-of-plane bending of transverse girders is very small so that it can be neglected,and studs on the orthotropic integral steel deck can be arranged according to the structural requirements.The above design methods and simplified calculation models have been applied in the stud design of NDB.

Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of New-Type Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge Deck

To alleviate deck fatigue failure and regular pavement damage,which are congenital deficiencies of highway steel bridge deck structure,this paper proposes a newtype of composite bridge deck,consisting of steel tubular connectors and steel-reactive powder concrete (RPC). Push-out tests were conducted to study the newdeck's shear performance. During the experimental process,specimens were divided into two groups which are composed of steel tubular connectors with or without penetrative bars set in. Then,researchers analyzed destroyed models and mechanisms of the composite structure under shear forces. Results showed that test models in two groups,once destroyed,displayed similar shear fracture,which appeared on the lower margin of the steel tubular wall along the welds. Meanwhile,RPC under the connector,for varied tests,was crushed at the same stage,although the large shear and bending deformation just occurred on connectors with penetrative bars. Additionally,shear capacity of specimens with penetrative bars,compared with the ones without bars,unexpectedly decreased by 20%,but the structural ductility was 1.75 times as much,and the ductility coefficients of specimens were all larger than 3.5,demonstrating certain deformation capacity.

Design and laboratory evaluation of fog-sealed chip seal on epoxy asphalt pavement for steel bridge deck

In order to improve the surface performace of epoxy asphalt pavement （EAP） for steel bridge deck, an epoxy asphalt chip seal （ ECS） covered by a cationic emulsified asphalt fog seal （i. e., fog-sealed chip seal） isproposed and a laboratory study is conducted to design and evaluate te fog-sealed chip seal. First, the evaluation indices and methods of te chip seal on steel bridge deck pavement were proposed. Secondly, the worst pavement conditions during te maintenance time were simulated by te small traffic load simulation system MMLS3 and the short-term aging test for minimizing the failure probability of chip seal. Finally, the design parameters of fog-sealed chip seal were determined by the experimental analysis and the performance of the designed fog-sealed chip seal was evaluated in thelaboratory. Results indicate that the proposed simulation method of pavement conditions is effective and the maximal load repetitions on the EAPslab specimen are approximately 925 300 times. Moreover, the designed fog-sealedchip sealcan provide a dense surface with sufficient skid resistance,aggregate-asphalt aahesive performance and interlayer shearing resistance.

Interfacial behaviors of epoxy asphalt surfacing on steel decks

A model for predicting the interface behavior of epoxy asphalt and steel composite beam under negative bending is developed incorporating partial interaction theory. Interfacial slips between the steel deck and the epoxy asphalt surfacing are included in the model with a new parameter of membrane stiffness. A series of analytical equations based on this model are derived to calculate slip and strain at the interface. Also, a numerical procedure for calculating the load responses of simply supported composite beams with concentrated force at the mid-span is established and verified with two samples. Characters of slip and strain at the interface, sensitivities of tensile stress and interface shear stress with material parameters are studied. It can be concluded that interfacial effects decrease the bending stiffness of the composite; hard and stiff bonding material is better for asphalt surfacing layer working at normal to low temperatures, and the damage of the asphalt surfacing layer will be accelerated with the damage accumulation of the bonding coat.

平钢板-UHPC组合桥面板纵向抗负弯性能试验研究

某大桥次边跨及中跨主梁为钢-UHPC组合梁,钢-UHPC组合梁的桥面板首次采用一种通过PBL剪力键将8 mm平钢板与15 cm的UHPC层连接起来的新型组合桥面体系。为了探究该桥新型钢-UHPC组合桥面板抗负弯矩性能与安全性,完成了2块足尺模型的静力性能试验,进行了桥梁整体受力和桥面板局部受力计算,以及桥面板抗负弯矩极限承载力构成分析。结果表明:UHPC名义开裂强度达8.90 MPa以上,其值远大于实桥荷载作用下UHPC层上缘的纵桥向最大拉应力,组合桥面板负弯矩抗裂性能良好,能满足工程需求;组合桥面板抗负弯承载力的计算,UHPC受拉本构宜采用三折线模型,抗负弯承载力简化计算的UHPC受拉区等效均布应力折减系数可取0.76,抗负弯承载力状态的受压钢板受力仍处于线弹性阶段,抗负弯破坏模式与抗正弯明显不同,为受拉钢筋拉断;PBL剪力键能保证了钢板与UHPC板整体共同受力;组合桥面板在负弯矩作用下的延性良好,裂宽增长缓慢,UHPC的名义极限强度达名义开裂强度的4.1倍以上,到达极限荷载后,组合板承载力没有明显下降。

型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面板及其抗弯性能研究

正交异性钢桥面是目前800m以上国内外特大跨径钢桥的唯一选择,主因是自重轻、强度高、架设方便。但其存在疲劳开裂风险大、运维成本高的缺点。随着高性能材料UHPC的研发和应用,为构建自重轻、病害少、经济性好的桥面新结构提供了可能性。经过多年研究,作者提出一种新型桥面板结构——型钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面结构,将型钢、钢板条与UHPC组合,桥面板的形成无任何板件焊接,因而具有高抗疲劳性,且与传统钢桥面相比,自重持平、造价减半,可作为除“正交异性钢桥面”外的“第二种”大跨径钢桥的桥面结构方案。该文研究这种轻型组合桥面板预制板及横向接缝的抗弯性能,制作4个条带模型(包括2个预制板试件和2个接缝试件),开展三点弯曲的横向接缝负弯矩试验和预制板正弯矩试验,并对试验结果进行分析;基于“条带法”建立预制板试件极限承载力计算模型,提出接缝试件的UHPC开裂名义拉应力计算方法;基于某斜拉桥应用实例,进行整体计算和局部计算,验证新型组合桥面结构在实桥上应用的可行性。研究结果表明:(1)型钢与UHPC间在极限状态前相对滑移非常小,具有良好的协同受力性能;(2)预制板试件的正弯矩极限承载力以型钢屈服控制,而接缝试件负弯矩极限承载力以UHPC开裂和加密钢筋断裂控制;(3)接缝试件的“T形”接缝、加密钢筋、燕尾形的企口、交错式切割型钢钢条等构造设计对接缝整体抗弯拉性能有很好的提高效果;(4)预制板试件极限承载力计算模型所得计算值与试验值吻合良好,该模型搭配名义拉应力计算方法,可帮助工程实际问题的设计与应用;(5)试验结果与实桥的有限元计算值相比,新型桥面结构均有1.3倍以上的安全系数,新型组合桥面应用于实桥具有可行性。

钢-混凝土组合简支桥面连续结构横向应力分析

针对钢-混组合简支梁桥的桥面连续结构开裂等病害,围绕桥面连接板的横桥向应力问题,采用线弹性理论和板的偏微分方程进行分析,得出了桥面连接板挠度和应力的分布函数,建立非线性有限元模型,并进行实桥荷载试验.通过比较理论解、有限元解和实测试验结果,证实了理论解和有限元的有效性.根据得到的分布函数,发现横桥向和纵桥向上的最大拉应力出现在钢梁端部位置的连接板的上缘.此外,还分析了连接板区域尺寸变化对横桥向应力峰值的影响,包括纵梁端部距支座的长度、纵梁的间距以及连接板区域整体尺寸变化.结果表明:较小的纵梁间距和较长的纵梁端部与支撑之间的距离会导致连接板中的横向拉应力峰值增加,并提高横向拉应力在总应力中的占比,从而导致桥面连接板早于设计荷载开裂.因此对于纵梁间距较小、梁端长度较长的钢-混组合简支梁桥桥面连续结构,仅计算其纵桥向受力性能会导致计算结果偏危险,建议按照本文方法考虑横桥向应力对桥面连接板的影响.

温度作用下钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面疲劳性能研究

文中以宜昌长江大桥钢桥面加固改造工程为背景,通过有限元计算,分析不同温度作用下组合桥面疲劳易损细节的应力变化规律.结果表明:相比传统沥青钢桥面,钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面能够在不增加桥梁恒载情况下,降低疲劳细节应力幅值,改善钢桥面抗疲劳性能;不同温度作用下,相比传统沥青钢桥面,钢-UHPC轻型组合桥面各疲劳易损细节应力的降幅达15%~46%.

Innovative steel-UHPC composite bridge girders for long-span bridges

Steel and steel-concrete composite girders are two types of girders commonly used for long-span bridges. However, practice has shown that the two types of girders have some drawbacks. For steel girders, the orthotropic steel deck (OSD) is vulnerable to fatigue cracking and the asphalt overlay is susceptible to damage such as rutting and pot holes. While for steel-concrete composite girders, the concrete deck is generally thick and heavy, and the deck is prone to cracking because of its low tensile strength and high creep. Thus, to improve the serviceability and durability of girders for long-span bridges, three new types of steel-UHPC lightweight composite bridge girders are proposed, where UHPC denotes ultra-high performance concrete. The first two types consist of an OSD and a thin UHPC layer while the third type consists of a steel beam and a UHPC waffle deck. Due to excellent mechanical behaviors and impressive durability of UHPC, the steel-UHPC composite girders have the advantages of light weight, high strength, low creep coefficient, low risk of cracking, and excellent durability, making them competitive alternatives for long-span bridges. To date, the proposed steel-UHPC composite girders have been applied to 14 real bridges in China. It is expected that the application of the new steel-UHPC composite girders on long-span bridges will have a promising future.

Bending performance of composite bridge deck with T-shaped ribs

This paper proposes a new type of steel-concrete composite deck, which is composed of orthotropic steel deck (OSD) with T-shaped ribs, concrete plate and studs connecting OSD and concrete plate. The OSD can act as framework for concrete plate and contribute to load bearing capacity at the same time, which could save construction time. Compared with conventional OSD system, this new type of composite bridge deck can also improve fatigue performance.?Considering that this type of composite deck is not yet applied in practical engineering and its mechanical performance is not revealed in previous literatures, two full-scale specimens were designed and manufactured in this research. The mechanical performance, particularly, bending capacity in positive and negative region was carefully tested and analyzed. The load-deflection curve, load-slip relation, strain distribution in concrete and steel were obtained. The test results showed that the plastic performance of this kind of composite bridge deck was satisfying and the bending capacity was high.

波形钢-混凝土组合桥面板力学性能研究综述

介绍了波形钢-混凝土组合桥面板在实际工程中的应用概况及力学性能研究现状。研究成果表明:(1)与混凝土桥面板相比,该新型组合桥面板自重轻,且具有较高的抗弯承载力和刚度;与钢桥面板相比,该新型组合桥面板抗疲劳性能优异。基于以上优点,该新型组合桥面板具有广阔的应用前景。(2)目前针对波形钢-普通混凝土组合桥面板开展的研究主要集中在组合桥面板的静力性能上,需要对其疲劳性能开展更多的理论及试验研究;目前针对波形钢-超高性能混凝土组合桥面板的相关研究较少,需要对其开展更多的静力性能和疲劳性能研究。(3)将超高性能混凝土应用于该新型组合桥面板中,合理选择剪力连接件型式,在保证波形钢板与混凝土之间可靠连接的前提下,进一步减少焊缝数量,提高其抗疲劳性能,是该新型组合桥面板的发展方向。

宜宾新市金沙江大桥主桥总体设计

宜宾新市金沙江大桥主桥为(304+680+304)m双塔双索面钢桁梁斜拉桥,采用半飘浮体系,在桥塔横梁顶设置含限位功能的纵向阻尼器,两岸边跨各设置1个辅助墩。桥塔采用宝瓶形钢筋混凝土塔,四川岸和云南岸塔高分别为290.2 m和297.5 m,由上、中、下塔柱和上、中、下横梁及下塔柱横向连接隔板组成。主梁采用钢桁梁与钢-混组合桥面板的板桁结合型式,主桁横向中心距28 m,桁高6.8 m,标准节间长6.8 m,上、下弦杆与腹杆呈“N”形布置,采用焊接整体节点。桥面板采用钢-混组合桥面板。斜拉索采用环氧喷涂钢绞线体系,疲劳应力幅280 MPa,斜拉索在主桁上采用锚拉板锚固方式,在桥塔上采用钢锚梁锚固方式。采用桥面全回转吊机进行主桁、横桁单元件安装;钢-混组合桥面板滞后主梁2个节段施工。

连续钢梁SFRC组合桥面板的优化设计

为探究中大跨径连续钢梁钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)组合桥面板优化设计方法,研究结合SFRC组合板偏拉试验与数值模拟所得SFRC受拉开裂特性,依据现有连续钢梁构造特点,采用SFRC代替原设计中C50混凝土铺装,通过Abaqus建立SFRC组合桥面板钢箱梁节段模型进行参数分析,考察了SFRC板厚、钢顶板厚、配筋率对主梁抗弯刚度、钢结构应力影响的特点。在此基础上以主梁弹性抗弯刚度和关键截面应力为约束条件,以上部结构自重与材料成本为优化目标,对中跨50 m和80 m连续钢梁进行优化。最后依据变量优化结果,采用Midas建立考虑负弯矩区SFRC开裂的杆系模型来验证优化结果的合理性。结果表明:文中引入材料塑性损伤的有限元分析方法具有可靠性,所建立的SFRC裂缝宽度与受拉损伤因子关系可以表征SFRC开裂状态。连续钢梁上80~120 mm厚SFRC层参与受力后使主梁弹性抗弯刚度提升17%~24%,当SFRC裂缝宽度达0.20 mm时,主梁抗弯刚度折减13%~20%;钢顶板应力降低7%~12%,主梁负弯承载力无明显变化。增大顶板厚度与配筋率均可有效改善钢顶板应力。对SFRC层厚、配筋率、钢顶板与顶板加劲肋尺寸进行优化分析,结果表明:相比原设计,优化后的50 m和80 m SFRC组合桥面板连续钢梁用钢量分别降低13%与6%,上部结构自重分别减小12%与6%,材料的成本分别降低14%与9%,该优化设计流程与优化结果可为SFRC组合桥面板在连续钢梁中推广应用提供参考。

高性能混凝土在钢桥面铺装中的应用研究进展

高性能混凝土因其优异的力学特性和耐久性能而具有广阔的应用前景,其中最受瞩目的是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)和应变硬化水泥基复合材料(ECC),将其与钢桥面板的组合是近年来桥梁工程中新材料应用的典型范例。通过对钢-高性能混凝土组合桥面板的静力抗弯性能、疲劳性能、界面抗剪性能和负弯矩区抗裂性能等方面的研究和相关设计规范进行了归纳总结,提出目前高性能混凝土在钢桥面铺装中应用亟待解决的系列问题,为相关领域的研究和工程应用提供参考。

桥面板施工顺序对钢-混组合梁桥的受力影响研究及优化

为分析桥面板施工顺序对钢-混组合梁桥成桥受力性能的影响并优化现有的桥面板施工顺序,基于钢-混组合梁桥的受力过程,以交通部颁发的装配化钢-混组合梁通用图为依托,选取3×40 m钢-混组合连续梁桥为对象进行研究。采用桥梁博士软件建立钢-混组合梁桥有限元模型,以桥面板施工工序和结构体系转换时间为变量,分析7种桥面板施工顺序下的结构受力性能。结果表明:钢-混组合截面的受力模式分为一次受力状态和分阶段受力状态,其中采用一次受力状态的施工顺序具有施工方便、成桥整体刚度大、钢梁应力小的优点,但存在支点处桥面板拉应力过大的缺点;分阶段受力状态的施工顺序能有效降低支点处桥面板拉应力,但成桥钢梁应力偏大,结构刚度不足。针对采用上述2种受力模式的施工顺序不能兼顾结构成桥性能(钢梁应力、整体刚度等)较优与控制支点桥面板拉应力的问题,提出优化的混合受力状态的施工顺序,该顺序既保留了一次受力状态较优的成桥性能又显著降低了支点处桥面板拉应力,兼顾了上述2种受力模式的优点,可为钢-混组合梁桥的设计和施工提供参考。

钢板-混凝土组合桥面板组合梁桥受力性能分析

为探明钢板-混凝土组合桥面板(SCCD)组合梁的抗弯性能与传力机理,明确组合桥面板底钢板的受力作用,建立经理论计算和试验模型验证的SCCD组合梁和普通钢混组合梁实体单元模型,并对比两者的受力性能。结果表明:与理论分析和模型试验结果相比,建立的实体单元模型计算结果的误差均在10%以内;将弹性设计方法与实体有限元计算结果进行对比,两种方法得到的SCCD组合梁屈服荷载和弹性极限刚度仅差5.17%和5.79%;由荷载-挠度曲线可知,SCCD组合梁破坏时,由于底部钢板的作用,使混凝土的荷载下降段较平缓,且应变增长量较大,而普通钢混组合梁下降段趋势明显。SCCD组合梁具有较好的延性和结构安全性。

T型加劲肋钢顶板-纤维混凝土组合桥面板疲劳性能分析

为研究T型加劲肋钢顶板-纤维混凝土组合桥面板疲劳性能,以某座T型加劲肋钢顶板-纤维混凝土组合桥面板体系的连续钢箱梁桥为研究对象,进行局部足尺模型的疲劳性能试验,并建立有限元模型。在验证有限元模型正确的基础上,通过有限元模型计算,确定组合桥面板疲劳细节最不利位置,并对比各疲劳细节最不利位置刚度、热点应力以及应力集中系数,分析混凝土桥面板和栓钉布置形式对组合桥面板疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明:通过局部足尺模型试验的实测数据,验证了有限元模拟方法的相对误差均不超过10%,具有较好的精度;与无混凝土板的纯钢T型加劲肋钢桥面板试件模型相比,铺设混凝土组合桥面板试件的整体刚度更高,并且大幅降低了各疲劳细节的热点应力;采用“错焊”栓钉布置形式,可以有效降低钢顶板与T肋的双面角焊缝处应力集中系数,最大减幅接近20%,建议在实际工程中应避免将桥面板栓钉“正焊”于T肋上方。

预制拼装钢-UHPC组合桥面板湿接缝抗弯性能研究

纵肋上置并形成PBL剪力连接件的钢-UHPC组合桥面板是一种新型桥面结构。该结构采用预制拼装施工,工厂预制钢-UHPC组合梁段,现场进行施工组装,相邻钢梁通过焊接形成一体,而相邻UHPC桥面板则通过现浇UHPC湿接缝连成一体,湿接缝是其薄弱部位。针对该新型结构其湿接缝相关研究较少的问题,该文以某实际工程为背景,完成钢-UHPC组合桥面板湿接缝足尺模型抗弯性能试验。建立Abaqus有限元模型,并采用试验结果校核有限元模型。在此基础上,进行了湿接缝截面模拟方式、钢面板厚度、UHPC层厚度和燕尾榫角度的有限元模型参数分析。对比美国土木工程师协会(ASCE)、《美国房屋建筑规范》(ACI)以及中国《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)关于构件的刚度计算公式,发现中国规范计算值更接近试验值。基于普通钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯刚度计算公式,结合试验数据进行了参数修正,并用有限元模型结果进行了校核。结果表明:钢-UHPC组合桥面板湿接缝有着优异的延性和刚度;采用摩擦行为模拟湿接缝界面计算成本小且计算效果良好;增加钢板厚度或UHPC层厚度均能有效提高构件刚度和承载力;燕尾榫角度对构件的刚度和承载能力影响很小;参数修正后的抗弯刚度计算公式能较好地计算钢-UHPC组合桥面板构件跨中位移。

钢-STC组合桥面板静力及疲劳性能分析

传统正交异性钢桥面板结构易疲劳开裂,掺入钢纤维的超高性能混凝土因其优异的韧性和抗拉强度,可提高桥面结构的刚度和耐久性,缓解疲劳开裂问题。然而,目前结合实际工程对考虑超高性能混凝土作为结构层受力与传统正交异性桥面板性能的差异的量化分析仍较欠缺。因此,以清远市北江某桥为背景建立节段箱梁精细化有限元模型,对纯钢桥面板和钢-STC组合桥面板的结构进行超高性能混凝土层参与受力对桥面结构静力及疲劳差异的量化分析。结果表明,铺设超高性能混凝土层后可显著提高主梁刚度,较大幅度降低箱梁顶板应力,基本消除钢桥面的疲劳开裂病害问题。