Experimental study on box shape steel reinforced concrete beam

Experimental study on the fundamental behavior of box shape steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams was conducted. Seven 1 ： 3 scale model SRC beams were tested to failure. The experimental results indicate that the flexural strength increases with the increase of the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the thickness of flange of the shape steel; the shear strength increases with the increase in the thickness of the web of the shape steel. Concrete filled in the box shape steel can prevent the early failure of specimens due to the buckling of the box shape steel, and increase the ultimate load. Measures should be made to strengthen the connection and co-work between the shape steel and the concrete. Formulae for flexural and shear strength of the composite beams are proposed, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the box shape SRC beam is a kind of ductile member, and it is suitable for extensive engineering application.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Effect of groove shapes on mechanical properties of welded joints of ASTM4130 steel

The 30 mm thick ASTM4130 steel pipe was fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding under quenched and tempered conditions. Whereafier, the mechanical properties of welded joints of both V groove and combination double V groove were measured, while the microstructure feature and fracture morphology of both welded joints were investigated. Moreover, the effect of groove shapes on the properties of welded joints was explored. The results show that the welding efficiency of the combination double V groove joint is as two times as that of the V groove joint. But the hardness and toughness of the heat-affected zone （HAZ） with combination double V groove can not satisfy the requirements. Also, the coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） of the cap layer is mainly composed of granular bainite, tempered martensite and a small amount of carbon-free bainite, and the fractured swface of the fusion line is entirely dominated by the quasi-cleavage mode. That the mechanical properties of the combination double V groove are lower than that of the V groove lie in the penetration ratio, welding heat input, and the areas and distribution feature of brittle zones. The combination double V groove is not suitable for the fabricating of ASTM4130 steel.

Hysteretic behavior of special shaped columns composed of steel and reinforced concrete(SRC)

This paper describes a series of experimental investigations on seventeen specimens of steel reinforced concrete special shaped(SRCSS) columns under low cyclic reversed loading using parallel crosshead equipment. Nine T-shaped SRC columns, four L-shaped SRC columns and four +-shaped SRC columns were tested to examine the effects of shape steel confi guration, loading angle, axial compressive ratio and shear-span ratio on the behavior(strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, etc.) of SRCSS column specimens. The failure modes and hysteretic performance of all the specimens were obtained in the tests. Test results demonstrate that the shear-span ratio is the main parameter affecting the failure modes of SRCSS columns. The specimens with small shear-span ratio are prone to shear failure, and the primary failure planes in SRCSS columns are parallel to the loading direction. As a result, there is a symmetry between positive and negative loading directions in the hysteretic curves of the SRCSS columns. The majority of displacement ductility coeffi cients for all the specimens are over 3.0, so that the SRCSS columns demonstrate a better deformation capacity. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping coeffi cients of all the specimens are greater than 0.2, indicating that the seismic behavior of SRCSS columns is adequate. Finally, the superposition theory was used to calculate the limits of axial compressive ratio for the specimens, and it is found that the test axial compressive ratio is close to or smaller than the calculated axial compressive ratio limit.

Microstructures and properties of capacitor discharge welded joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel

Microstructures and properties of capacitor discharge welded （CDW） joint of TiNi shape memory alloy （ SMA ） and stainless steel （SS） were studied. The fracture characteristics of the joint were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope （ SEM）. Microstructures of the joint were examined by means of optical microscope and SEM. The results showed that the teusile strength of the inhomogeneous joint （ TiNi-SS joint） was low and the joint was brittle. Because TiNi SMA and SS melted, a brittle as-cast structure and compound were formed in the weld. The tensile strength and the shape memory effect （SME） of TiNi-SS joint were strongly influenced by the changes of composition and structure of the weld. Measures should be taken to prevent defects from forming and extruding excessive molten metal in the weld for improving the properties of TiNi-SS joint.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of laser-welded TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel wires

The Nd ： YAG laser welding was used to join the TiNi shape memory alloy and AISI304 stainless steel wires. The microstructural features of the dissimilar material joint were analyzed. The tensile and hardness tests were carried out to examine the mechanical properties and microhardness distribution of the welded joint. The results show that the joint has the non-homogeneous microstructure and element distribution. The brittle phases such as Fe2 Ti , Fe Ti , Cr2 Ti , Ti3 Ni4, Feo 2 Ni4.s Ti5 and TiN mainly segregate in rich Ti region of fusion zone. The laser-welded joint has the tensile strength of 298 MPa with the elongation of 3.72 % and exhibits the brittle fracture features on the fracture surfaces. The reasons for low joint strength were discussed in this investigation.

Microstructures and properties of welded joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel

The fracture characteristics of the joint were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope. Microstructures of the joint were examined by means of optical microscope, SEM and an image analyzer. The results show that the tensile strength of the inhomogeneous joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel is lower than that of the homogeneous joint and a plastic field appears in the heat affected zone on the side of TiNi shape memory alloy. Because TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel melted, a brittle as-cast structure was formed in the weld. The tensile strength and the shape memory effect of the inhomogeneous joint are strongly influenced by the changes of composition and structure of the joint. Measures should be taken to reduce the base metal melting and prevent the weld metal from the invasion by O for improving the properties of the TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel inhomogeneous joint.

Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

单跨两层含减震外挂墙板装配式混凝土框架拟静力试验研究

该文在对一个含减震外挂墙板平面框架(简称减震结构)以及一个作为对比的纯框架(简称抗震结构)进行混合试验的基础上,进一步对其单跨2层试验子结构进行了拟静力试验,研究了两结构在水平地震作用下的受力过程、损伤模式及减震外挂墙板对主体结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:减震结构和抗震结构的破坏机制均为梁端和柱底出现塑性铰的梁铰机制,减震外挂墙板未改变主体结构的破坏模式;减震结构中,在最大层间位移角达到1/55之前,消能器呈预期的履带式滚动变形,此后由于外挂墙板的面内转动变形,消能器水平剪切变形值增加不大,且圆弧段产生明显变形;试验过程中减震外挂墙板未出现裂缝;墙板与框架间上部线连接处裂缝宽度较小,连接钢筋应变也较小,表明连接可靠;两试件均具有较好的变形能力和耗能能力;在相同位移级别下,减震结构的刚度、极限承载力和耗能能力均更好。

基础隔震-外挂墙板减震钢筋混凝土框架振动台试验研究

该文提出一种新型的基础隔震-外挂墙板减震混合控制结构(简称“隔震-减震结构”)。该结构采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座作为基础隔震装置,上部结构则采用外挂墙板与U型金属消能器联合构成减震系统。通过减震与隔震混合控制,实现主体结构和围护墙体在罕遇地震下不发生损伤,可用于对韧性性能要求较高的生命线工程中。为对比研究隔震-减震结构与传统隔震结构的抗震性能,设计制作了一个在两方向上完全一致的1/2缩尺基础隔震钢筋混凝土框架结构,并在Y方向附加外挂墙板和U型金属消能器,形成隔震-减震结构,X方向不含外挂墙板,为隔震结构。分别在两个方向输入单向地震动进行振动台试验,试验结果表明:相比隔震结构,隔震-减震结构能进一步降低结构在设防和罕遇地震下的位移响应;隔震-减震结构在罕遇地震下最大层间位移角小于或接近钢筋混凝土框架结构弹性层间位移角限值,主体结构保持弹性,外挂墙板未出现损伤,可以实现预期的性能目标。

采用T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁抗震性能试验与数值研究

提出了一种采用T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁,在地震作用下T型钢集中耗散地震能量,并在震后通过更换T型钢实现使用功能的恢复。通过合理设计T型钢连接、钢梁中间段和悬臂段的抗弯承载力关系,定义设计承载力削弱系数的取值范围,从而实现T型钢集中损伤耗能,钢梁中间段和悬臂段保持弹性的屈服机制。为了使T型钢连接件实现预期的损伤和最优的耗能效果,设计了4个腹板采用不同截面和材料的T型钢连接件,并对T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁试件进行了低周往复加载试验和有限元分析。结果表明:T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁可以实现预期的屈服机制,达到T型连接件集中耗能的目的;T型钢腹板的残余变形和螺栓应力可以满足拆换条件,拆换后结构功能不变,实现了较为理想的可更换机制。狗骨式腹板截面的T型钢连接件塑性变形更均匀,耗能区域更大,耗能效率提高约30%,拆换时间和残余变形与普通截面相差不大,建议腹板采用狗骨式截面;采用低屈服点钢材可以提高T型钢的耗能效率约40%,在设计承载力系数取值合理的情况下,T型钢腹板可以选择低屈服点钢材。最后,基于试验和有限元结果,考虑到T型钢连接件的可拆换性和钢梁材料利用率,建议设计承载力削弱系数取值为0.65~0.85。

预应变SMA⁃TMD对钢框架结构抗震性能影响研究

针对钢结构在地震激励下加速度响应过大的问题,介绍了一种将形状记忆合金(SMA)应用到调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)装置中的解决方案,利用SMA的特性实现有效的自复位和稳定的阻尼,将预应变SMA棒应用到TMD中,提高装置的阻尼性能。通过试验测试及有限元模拟,研究安装施加预应变SMA-TMD的钢框架抗震性能。结果表明:预应变SMA棒不仅有助于自复位,而且还能大大提高SMA-TMD的等效黏滞阻尼比;经过优化的SMA-TMD装置可以大大降低钢框架的地震动响应,并加快地震能量消耗。

纵向钢筋C型卡槽连接单向拉伸力学性能

为提高装配式纵向钢筋连接的施工效率,提出了C型卡槽连接方式,制作9个连接件并进行单向拉伸试验,观察其破坏形态,研究试件荷载-位移曲线、应变发展过程,分析不同锚固板直径对连接件连接性能的影响;基于混凝土局部受压计算公式,推导出C型卡槽连接钢筋的承载力计算公式,并给出不同锚固板直径与带锚固板钢筋直径的适配表。结果表明:锚固板直径为43 mm和48 mm的连接件发生带锚固板钢筋拉断破坏,荷载-位移曲线与单根钢筋拉伸的荷载-位移曲线相似,均能满足JGJ 107—2016和ACI 318对接头的强度要求;锚固板直径为38 mm的连接件是依据JGJ 256—2011选取锚固板直径,试验过程中发生带锚固板钢筋拔出破坏,证明按照规程取值,锚固板直径偏小,无法满足连接要求;锚固板直径为38 mm的连接件其荷载-位移曲线呈现波浪形,承载力虽小于前两者,但仍具有较好的延性和较高的残余承载力;所有连接件的C型卡槽在整个受力过程中应变值较小,始终处于弹性阶段,C型卡槽环向应变表现为压应变,C型卡槽连接钢筋承载力的理论计算结果与试验结果相符。

超高性能混凝土中纤维作用效应研究综述

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是一种具有超高强度、高耐久性的新型水泥基复合材料,其应用仍受到包括造价高、韧性不足、高温抗爆裂性能差等因素的影响,相关研究表明上述因素均与内掺纤维有关。为进一步促进纤维对UHPC性能的优化,推进UHPC在工程领域中的应用,通过梳理国内外近年来相关研究成果,总结钢纤维形状和长径比、不同纤维类型、纤维混杂和纤维取向分布对UHPC相关性能的影响,结果表明:钢纤维具备优异的力学性能且来源广泛,仍为UHPC中主要使用的纤维,异形钢纤维改善UHPC抗拉、抗弯等性能效果更好,但工作性能会相应地降低,建议钢纤维掺量采用2%~3%;不同类型纤维混掺存在最优组合,非钢纤维掺量普遍不超过0.5%;纤维平行于主拉应力方向分布能够提升纤维桥接作用的有效性,随机分布的纤维有效性降到了30%,对于纤维取向控制方法尚不成熟,需要进一步完善方法实现在非实验室条件下纤维定向分布的实际尺寸。

碳纤维板加固H型钢梁抗剥离夹具研制及应用试验

外贴碳纤维板是钢梁抗弯加固的常用方法,但其端部易因界面应力集中导致剥离破坏,严重影响高性能材料的有效利用,特别是结构加固后的安全服役.为此开发出一种适用于H型钢梁的简易夹具——C形槽板夹,以加强碳纤维板的端部锚固.通过多根带夹碳纤维板加固梁的静力加载试验,验证了此夹具的可靠性,并考察了碳纤维板伸入剪跨段长度与剪跨段长度之比及锚固方式(纯粘、端锚和混锚)对加固效果的影响.研究发现端锚加固不同于纯粘,只要梁的控制截面仍在夹具之间,碳纤维板的极限应力、加固效果及利用效率均随其长度缩短而提高,当碳纤维板长度分别为600、750 mm时,前者极限应变和承载力比后者分别高27.3%和8.1%.由于钢梁表面处理质量较差,混锚加固梁均发生突然剥离,后期退化为端锚加固梁,因而相比端锚加固梁加固效果改善不大,需要提高表面处理质量再做类似研究.尽管如此,相比纯粘加固梁,混锚加固梁采用C形槽板夹后剥离破坏被延迟,抗弯性能大为改善.试验过程中还用压电阻抗法对界面剥离情况进行了检测,结果符合实际.

T型钢连接方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点抗震性能分析

目的为了研究单边螺栓和T型钢连接的方钢管柱-H型钢梁节点的抗震特性,方法采用室内试验和数值模拟分析方法,对1∶2缩尺的边节点进行拟静力试验,并通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟,综合分析边节点的滞回特性、承载力、刚度与耗能等力学特性。有限元分析变量为T型钢加肋、梁翼缘狗骨式和梁腹板开圆孔式。结果试验中,节点试件中连接件T型钢参与耗能且其变形最明显,梁、柱构件变形较小。塑性铰主要集中在连接构件T型钢上,T型钢腹板与翼缘交接处出现应力集中状态。试验弹性阶段,节点构件共同抵抗外部作用力。进入塑性阶段,节点损伤逐渐累积至T型钢,使T型钢最终产生塑性破坏而失效。有限元模拟中,T型钢加肋的形式对节点整体承载力影响最大,其中加3号肋的形式使节点承载力的增长量达到最大;梁翼缘狗骨式的形式对节点整体耗能能力影响最大,为44.01%。结论在T型钢上加肋板对节点的承载力和刚度提升较明显,对耗能能力影响不大;梁翼缘狗骨式和梁腹板开圆孔式均能提高节点的耗能能力,节点承载力和刚度基本不变;梁翼缘做狗骨式对节点抗震性能影响最显著。

格构式钢管输电塔架的体型系数和雷诺数效应

采用天平测力风洞试验获得亚临界范围钢管塔架的体型系数,研究塔架体型系数随密实度的变化特征,基于规范数据拟合体型系数从亚临界到超临界条件下的雷诺数折算系数,基于试验结果开展塔架体型系数与规范值的对比.试验结果表明,相同密实度下横担的体型系数大于塔身,其原因为横担杆件长细比以及杆件前后的等效间距比均较大;在亚临界条件下塔身体型系数试验值与JEC-TR-00007—2015、DL/T 5551—2018和GB 50009—2012规范值接近,而横担体型系数大于各国规范值;亚临界和超临界条件下各国规范的钢管塔架体型系数随着密实度ϕ的增加而降低,使用最小二乘法拟合获得雷诺数折算系数为0.63+0.72ϕ;在超临界条件下,塔身的体型系数与DL/T 5551—2018、GB 50009—2012规范结果接近,横担的体型系数与IEC 60826—2017和ASCE MOP 74—2020规范结果接近.

X形软钢阻尼器延性断裂的试验研究与数值模拟

为了研究X形软钢阻尼器在大变形状态下的耗能性能和损伤演化规律,设计了6组试件进行单向和循环荷载作用下延性断裂的试验研究,分析了软钢阻尼器的破坏过程和滞回曲线。采用Lemaitre-Chaboche混合强化模型,分别对各工况下包含与不包含基于应力三轴度的钢材微观损伤模型的软钢阻尼器进行了精细的有限元模拟。对比有限元模拟结果和试验结果,分析结果表明,颈部为X形耗能软钢阻尼器的薄弱位置,最容易发生集中损伤甚至破坏。考虑钢材损伤准则的有限元模拟的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果更加吻合,能够表征软钢阻尼器的承载力与刚度退化现象,并能较为准确地预测软钢阻尼器的损伤演化过程和断裂破坏位置。

基于截面增大法的扣放角钢焊接加固负载H型钢的轴压承载力研究

负载下焊接加固是既有结构加固的重要形式,然而当前对加固形式及加固效果的研究仍然较为缺乏.因此,提出了一种新型负载焊接加固构造,设计了8组扣放角钢焊接加固H型钢试验.研究了焊接过程中的截面应力重分布规律以及焊接加固H型钢柱的轴压力学性能.试验中加固构件的截面为加固前的1.53倍~1.55倍,焊接加固后构件极限承载增大为加固前的1.74倍~1.90倍;加固构件和原构件协同工作,获得了良好的加固效果,虽然焊接热输入降低了构件焊缝间隔处的屈曲应力,但负载加固的构件表现出相对零载加固构件更高的极限承载力.随后建立并验证了一种新型焊接加固H型钢柱的数值模拟方法,探究了不同截面面积加固构件的加固效果;揭示了不同焊缝间隔以及焊接热效应对加固构件极限承载力的影响,并建立了相应的设计方法.

钢纤维形状及掺量对超高性能混凝土力学性能的影响

对比研究了钢纤维形状及掺量对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)工作性能及力学性能的影响,并通过SEM分析研究其演化机理。结果表明:随钢纤维掺量的增加,UHPC的工作性能变差,且端勾型钢纤维对工作性能劣化最明显。当钢纤维掺量为1.5%~2.5%时,端勾型和长直线型钢纤维UHPC的抗压、抗折及劈裂抗拉强度较高;当钢纤维掺量超过1.0%后,UHPC的拉压比会出现大幅提高,折压比相对提高不明显;当钢纤维掺量为1.5%~2.0%时,短直线型钢纤维UHPC的力学性能和工作性能最佳。SEM分析发现,钢纤维在基体中错向连续搭接分布,形成三维网状结构,能够阻止宏观裂缝的产生和微裂纹的发展,使UHPC表现出良好的力学性能。