Biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm

A group function relation curve between flux(J) and bulk phase concentration of substrate(S) was set up. The biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm is studied(the treatment technology is coagulation/sedimentation-anoxic/aerobic biofilm process), and the results showed that the concentration of non-degradation pollutants in effluent is 77 mg/L. In aerobic zone, the half-rate constant is 72.84 mg/L, the maximum removal rate of organic compounds at unit area filler is very low, 0.089 g/(m 2·d), which corresponds to the fact that there are some biorefractory compounds in the wastewater.

Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fiber Cloth and Electrothermal Desorption of Volatile Organic Compound(VOCs):A Specific Review

A general research program, focusing on activated carbon fiber cloths （ACFC） and felt for environmental protection was performed. The objectives were multiple： （i） a better understanding of the adsorption mecha- nisms of these kinds of materials; （ii） the specification and optimization of new processes using these adsorbents; （iii） the modeling of the adsorption of organic pollutants using both the usual and original approaches; （iv） applications of ACFC in industrial processes. The general question was： how can activated carbon fiber cloths and felts be used in air treatment processes for the protection of environment. In order to provide an answer, different approaches were adopted. The materials （ACFC） were characterized in terms of macro structure and internal porosity. Specific studies were performed to get the air flow pattern through the fabrics. Head loss data were generated and modeled as a fi.mction of air velocity. The performances of ACF to remove volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were approached with the adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves in various operating conditions. Regenera- tion by Joule effect shows a homogenous heating of adsorber modules with rolled or pleated layers. Examples of industrial developments were presented showing an interesting technology for the removal of VOCs, such as dichloromethane, benzene, isopropyl alcohol and toluene, alone or in a complex mixture.

Structures and magnetic properties of nanocomposite CoFe_2O_4-BaTiO_3 fibers by organic gel-thermal decomposition process

The nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,molar fraction) fibers with fine diameters and high aspect ratios(length to diameter ratios) were prepared by the organic gel-thermal decomposition process from citric acid and metal salts.The structures and morphologies of gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal decomposition of the gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy.The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite fibers were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer.The nanocomposite fibers consisting of ferrite(CoFe2O4) and perovskite(BaTiO3) are formed at the calcination temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 h.The average grain sizes of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 in the nanocomposite fibers increase from 25 to 65 nm with the calcination temperature from 900 to 1 180 ℃.The single fiber constructed from these nanograins of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 has a necklace-like morphology.The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposite 0.4CoFe2O4-0.6BaTiO3 fibers increases with the increase of CoFe2O4 grain size,while the coercivity reaches a maximum value when the average grain size of CoFe2O4 is around the critical single-domain size of 45 nm obtained at 1 000 ℃.The saturation magnetization and remanence of the nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) fibers almost exhibit a linear relationship with the molar fraction of CoFe2O4 in the nanocomposites.

Organic Electrochemical Transistor based on Polypyrrole/ Crosslinked Chitosan/Nylon Fibers

Glutaraldehyde(GA)crosslinked chitosan(CHIT)was modified on nylon fibers.Afterwards,pyrrole was in-situ polymerized on the surface of the CHIT/Nylon fiber.The SEM and FT-IR results show that the functional fiber is successfully prepared,and the obtained polypyrrole(PPy)presents nanorods morphology on the fiber surface.The mechanical properties of the fibers were studied by Instron.The organic electrochemical transistors based on PPy/Nylon fiber,PPy/CHIT/Nylon fiber,and PPy/GA-CHIT/Nylon fiber as channels were prepared and their transistors performance was compared.It is found that PPy/GA-CHIT/Nylon fiber-based transistor has great output,transfer,transient curves,and excellent transconductance of 6.8 mS,providing a new platform for the field of wearable devices.Furthermore,the study introduces chitosan material with excellent biocompatibility,which makes prepared transistors also have potential applications in the field of biosensing.

Preparation of ferromagnetic metal fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was used for the preparation of ferromagnetic metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers from the raw materials of citric acid, lactic acid and metal salts. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that spinnability of gel largely depends on molecular structure of metal-carboxylate complex that is a linear-type structure formed in the gel. As a result, the gels exhibit a good spinnability. Metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers are featured with diameters of around 1 μm and a high aspect ratio up to 1×106.

Layer by Layer Self-assembly Fiber-based Flexible Electrochemical Transistor

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyethiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid(PEDOT:PSS)/polyallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride modified reduced graphene oxide(PDDA-rGO)was layer by layer self-assembled on the cotton fiber.The surface morphology and electric property was investigated.The results confirmed the dense membrane of PEDOT:PSS and the lamellar structure of PDDA-rGO on the fibers.It has excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.The fiber based electrochemical transistor(FECTs)prepared by the composite conductive fiber has a maximum output current of 8.7 mA,a transconductance peak of 10 mS,an on time of 1.37 s,an off time of 1.6 s and excellent switching stability.Most importantly,the devices by layer by layer self-assembly technology opens a path for the true integration of organic electronics with traditional textile technologies and materials,laying the foundation for their later widespread application.

Preparation of ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

Ferromagnetic metal fibers with a high aspect ratio (length/diameter) are attractive for use as high performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers of iron-nickel, iron-cobalt and cobalt-nickel were prepared by the organic gel-thermal reduction process from the raw materials of critic acid and metal salts. These alloy fibers synthesized were featured with a diameter of about 1 μm and a length as long as 1 m. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of the gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DSC and SEM. The gel spinnability largely depends on the molecular structure of metal- carboxylates formed during the gel formation. The gel consisting of linear-type structural molecules shows good spinnability.

Metal Fe,Ni and Fe-Ni Fine Fibers Derived from the Organic Gel-Thermal Reduction Process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was successfully used for the preparation of magnetic metal Ni, Fe, Fe-Ni fine fibers from raw materials of citric acid or lactic acid and metal salts. Ni, Fe and Fe-Ni fine fibers synthesized were featured with diameters of around 1 μm and lengths of as long as 2 m for Ni fibers, 0.5 m for iron fibers, 1 m for Fe-Ni fibers. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD,TG/DSC and SEM, respectively. The gel spinnability largely depends on molecular structures of metal-carboxylate complexes formed in the gel. It is reasoned that these gels consist of linear-type structural molecules [（C6H6O7）Ni]n or [（C6H5O7）2Ni3] for the nickel citrate gel, [（C3H5O3）3Fe] for the ferric lactate gel, [（C6H5O7）5（NiFe）3] for the iron-nickel citrate gel respectively and the gels obtain showed a good spinning performance.

ORGANIC CHELATING REAGENT ON REDOX ADSORPTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER TOWARDS Au^(3+)

Organic chelating reagent influences upon the redox adsorption of activated carbon fiber towards Au3+ were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicated that the presence of organic chelating reagent on activated carbon fiber strongly affects adsorption capacity of activated carbon fiber towards Au3+. The reduction-adsorption amount of Au3+ increased three times by the presence of 8-quinolinol. Furthermore, The reduction-adsorption amount of Au3+ depended on the pH value of adsorption and temperature.

STUDIES ON THE DYNAMIC COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC VAPORS ON THE ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS ACTIVATED WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID

The dynamic competitive adsorption behaviors of different binary organic vapor mixtures on ACF-Ps under different operation conditions were investigated by gas chromatography in this paper. The studied mixtures included benzene/toluene, toluene/xylene, benzene/isopropylbenzene, ethyl acetate/toluene and benzene/ethyl acetate. Experimental results show that various ACF-Ps, as with ACF-W, can remove both vapors in binary vapor mixtures with over 99% of removal efficiency before the breakthrough point of the more weakly adsorbed vapor. In dynamic competitive adsorption, the more weakly adsorbed vapor not only penetrates early, but also will be displaced and desorbed consequently by stronger adsorbate and therefore produces a rolling up in the breakthrough curve. The ACF-Ps prepared at different temperatures have somewhat different adsorption selectivity. The feed concentration ratio of vapors, the length/diameter ratio and the thick of bed have effect on competitive adsorption. The competitive adsorption ability of a vapor is mainly related to its boiling point. Usually, the higher the boiling point, the stronger the vapor adsorbed on ACF-P.

Effects of Crude Fiber Levels on Production Performance, Organ Index and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dingan Geese Aged from 1 to 28 Days

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary crude fiber level on production performance,organ index and serum biochemical parameters of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days.[Method]A total of 144 1-day-old Dingan geese with the same genetic background and similar initial weight(88.75±0.21g)were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 geese per replicate,and fed with the diets containing 2.56%,3.52% and 4.48% crude fiber,respectively.The trial lasted 28 d.[Result]1)The final weight and daily gain of 3.52% CF group were significantly higher than those of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05);the feed/gain ratio was markedly lower than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).2)The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate and leg muscle rate of 3.52% CF group were higher than those of 2.56% and 4.48% CF groups(P>0.05).3)As the dietary crude fiber levels rose,the abdominal fat rate showed a downward trend(P>0.05).4)The liver index of 3.52% CF group was significantly higher than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).4)Compared with 2.5%and 4.48% CF groups,the serum albumin concentrations of 3.52% CF group markedly increased(P<0.05),the serum total protein and globin contents were higher(P>0.05),but the serum uric acid level was lower(P>0.05).[Conclusion]When the crude fiber level was 3.52%,the production performances of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days were better,and the liver index and serum albumin level could be obviously improved.

饲粮纤维水平对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化、免疫器官及小肠发育的影响

为研究饲粮纤维(玉米酒糟粕、米糠、麸皮等比例混合物)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数及小肠发育的影响,选取1日龄罗斯308肉用仔鸡480只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加不同水平(3.0%、4.5%、6.0%)的饲粮纤维,饲养42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加饲粮纤维降低肉鸡1~21日龄体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05),但6.0%纤维组提高了肉鸡42日龄体重和22~42日龄平均日增重,并降低了22~42日龄和1~42日龄的料重比(P<0.05)。2)不同水平纤维饲粮均显著提高了血清中白蛋白水平(P<0.05),与对照组相比,3.0%、6.0%纤维组血清甘油三酯和总蛋白水平在21日龄时显著升高(P<0.05),但42日龄时显著降低(P<0.05)。3)21日龄时,4.5%纤维组脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),42日龄时6.0%纤维组法氏囊指数显著低于对照和4.5%纤维组(P<0.05)。4)3%纤维组显著降低了肉鸡21日龄回肠绒隐比和42日龄十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),提高了42日龄十二指肠绒隐比(P<0.05);6.0%纤维组显著提高了21日龄和42日龄空肠绒毛高度以及21日龄回肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),4.5%纤维组显著降低了21日龄空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。综上,6.0%饲粮纤维可提高肉鸡生长性能,降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,并促进小肠发育。

有机纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

目前有机纤维作为增强体被用于水泥基复合材料成为研究的热点。阐述了有机纤维对水泥基复合材料性能影响的研究进展。首先,介绍了不同种类有机纤维的性能,阐述了不同有机纤维对水泥基复合材料性能的影响,并分析了增强增韧机理。其次,分析了有机纤维性能对水泥基复合材料性能的影响。最后,对今后的进一步研究提出了建议。

碳纤维/UiO66-NH2环氧复合材料的制备及其性能研究

本文首先合成出锆基MOF材料UiO66-NH_(2),并设计得到PA功能化的MOF材料UiO66-NH_(2)-PA,再将其分散在环氧树脂基体中,制备了性能优异的碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料.随后,通过FT-IR、SEM、XRD对UiO66-NH_(2)以及UiO66-NH_(2)-PA进行了表征,使用万能试验机对碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,UiO66-NH_(2)-PA被成功制备,且改性后的碳纤维复合材料的抗弯曲和抗剪切强度分别提高了26.54%和29.09%.这是因为UiO66-NH_(2)-PA中氨基和磷基的作用增强了界面强度,既提高了碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料的储能模量,又增强了复合材料的界面结合能力,从而实现了通过共同作用以提高碳纤维、环氧复合材料力学性能的目标.

高性能高分子材料体系自立自强发展战略研究

高性能高分子材料具有高强高模、高绝缘、耐腐蚀、耐辐照或绿色低碳等特点,是保障国家安全和国民经济发展的战略性材料之一,广泛应用于航空航天、电子电器、生物医疗等重要领域。本文系统梳理了高性能树脂及工程塑料、有机纤维、生物基树脂及可降解材料、特种橡胶及弹性体四大类高性能高分子材料中的重点品种,分析了国内外重点品种的发展现状和特点。研究发现,目前我国在高性能高分子材料方面已建立起比较完备的化工原料–合成–加工改性–制品应用上下游产业体系,但同时也存在关键原料保障不足、产品应用开发有待拓展等问题。在此基础上,从加强技术创新、推进关键原料保障、组建创新联合体等方面提出对策建议,以期为我国高性能高分子材料体系发展提供参考。

有机前驱体法制备氮化硼纤维的研究

氮化硼(BN)纤维是一种耐热和介电性能优异的陶瓷纤维,目前的主要合成方法为有机前驱体转化法。以聚三甲胺基环硼氮烷为前驱体,通过熔融纺丝、不熔化和力热耦合热解处理,制备出直径均匀的BN纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、BET比表面积等手段对BN纤维的微观结构、结晶性能、元素组成以及孔隙率进行详细表征。结果表明:1600℃热处理得到的BN纤维,表面光滑,织态结构完整,拉伸强度可达640.3MPa,而1000℃热处理得到的BN纤维,孔隙率高,比表面积最大,比表面积可达362.64m^(2)/g。

不同纤维源饲粮对家兔生长性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究不同纤维源饲粮对家兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取96只体重相近、健康的35日龄伊拉肉兔,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复3只。4个试验组分别使用大豆皮、稻草、花生秧和苜蓿为唯一纤维源配制全价饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,大豆皮组、花生秧组和苜蓿组的末重和平均日增重均显著高于稻草组(P<0.05),稻草组、花生秧组和苜蓿组的平均日采食量显著高于大豆皮组(P<0.05)。大豆皮组、花生秧组和苜蓿组的宰前活重显著高于稻草组(P<0.05),花生秧组和苜蓿组的胴体重、半净膛重和全净膛重均显著高于稻草组(P<0.05)。苜蓿组的肝脏指数显著高于其他组(P<0.05),圆小囊指数显著高于大豆皮组和花生秧组(P<0.05)。大豆皮组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。研究表明,苜蓿作为家兔饲粮的纤维源综合表现较好,花生秧仅次于苜蓿,优于大豆皮和稻草。

基于荧光猝灭原理的比率式光纤溶解氧传感器研究

溶解氧浓度的准确测定在医疗应用、海洋监测、工农业生产等领域中,起到至关重要的作用。本篇论文提出了一种比率式光纤溶解氧传感器,以四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(Octyl-triEOS)为前驱体的有机改性硅酸盐(ORMOSILs)作为载体基质,选用三(4,7-联苯-1,10-邻菲啰啉)二氯化钌(Ru(dpp)_(3)^(2+))为氧敏感染料,选用7-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)香豆素(AFC)为参比染料。吸收光谱表明,氧敏感染料和参比染料可以被中心波长为405nm的光源激发。发射光谱表明,氧敏感染料和参考染料的发射波长没有光谱重叠,因此可以使用比率法测量溶解氧浓度。通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的ORMOSILs将氧敏感染料和参比染料固定在塑料光纤端部,从而形成复合氧敏感薄膜,对传感膜的厚度和疏水性进行了表征,传感膜的厚度为569μm,水接触角为81°。将该传感器在水溶液中进行了测试,在光源激发下,氧敏感染料和参考染料在605和490nm处有明显的发射峰,随着溶解氧浓度的增加,氧敏感染料的荧光强度降低,而参比染料的荧光强度稳定在某一数值,通过测量氧敏感染料与参比染料的比率,达到检测氧浓度的目的。采用Stern-Volmer方程对溶解氧浓度和荧光强度比进行线性拟合,该传感器在0~20.05mg·L^(-1)溶解氧范围内,Stern-Volmer拟合度可达98.22%,灵敏度可达0.4334/[O_(2)],从饱和氮溶液到饱和氧溶液传感器的响应时间为12s,从饱和氧溶液到饱和氮溶液传感器的恢复时间为144s,引入非对称因子ASY表明传感时间的不对称性。对传感器的光稳定性和重复性进行了测试,比率式光纤传感器可以克服光源波动,相对单荧光强度传感有更强的稳定性。

壳聚糖-SiO_(2)气凝胶/纤维素/聚丙烯复合水刺材料的制备及其吸附染料性能

为制备用于有机染料废水处理的生物质材料,以纤维素纤维/聚丙烯(CF/PP)为基材,经氧化后与以壳聚糖(CS)和硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为原料制备的CS-SiO_(2)混合溶液进行反应,再通过冷冻干燥得到CS-SiO_(2)气凝胶/氧化纤维素(OCF)/PP复合水刺非织造材料。对复合材料的形貌、结构和其对有机染料吸附性能进行测试与表征,结果表明:相较于CF/PP水刺非织造材料,CS-SiO_(2)气凝胶/OCF/PP复合水刺非织造材料表面出现明显的微孔结构,在OCF/PP水刺非织造材料表面出现了归属于CS和SiO_(2)的红外特征峰;当TEOS体积分数为25%时,制得的样品在30℃、pH值为7的条件下对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附效率可达99.63%,经5次重复使用后,其对MB的吸附效率仍保持在80.59%左右;相比于CF/PP水刺非织造材料,CS-SiO_(2)气凝胶/OCF/PP复合水刺非织造材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率略有下降。

脆肉鲩器官组织胶原纤维染色观察

为研究饲喂蚕豆的脆肉鲩(Ctenopharyngodon idella)与普通草鱼不同器官组织中胶原纤维分布的特征,本试验对体质量7.0 kg的脆肉鲩和体质量4.5 kg的普通草鱼背部肌肉、腹部肌肉、心脏、肝胰脏、脾脏、前肠、中肠及后肠组织制作Masson染色切片,分析胶原纤维数量及分布。结果显示:器官组织中胶原纤维被染成蓝色,肌纤维被染成红色。脆肉鲩背肌、腹肌的胶原纤维染色更深、分布面积更大;背肌横切面、腹肌横切面的胶原纤维容积分数分别是普通草鱼的1.27倍和2.09倍,显示出脆肉鲩肌肉组织中胶原纤维含量更丰富;脆肉鲩肝胰脏、脾脏和心脏组织中,胶原纤维主要分布在肝胰脏门管区中的动脉、静脉管壁间隙、脾脏脾索内及心脏结缔组织中。对比发现,普通草鱼和脆肉鲩肠道组织平滑肌的大量胶原纤维分布在平滑肌细胞间,且脆肉鲩前、中、后肠的胶原纤维容积分数分别是普通草鱼的2.16倍、1.68倍和2.66倍。与肌肉、肝胰脏、脾脏和心脏相比,肠道的胶原纤维含量显著增多。器官组织的纵切和横切片显示,肌肉(骨骼肌细胞)、肠道(平滑肌细胞)和心脏(心肌细胞)的肌细胞类型并未发生改变,改变还是胶原纤维数量与分布、结缔组织的结构等。