Application of Multi-Step Differential Transform Method on Flow of a Second-Grade Fluid over a Stretching or Shrinking Sheet

In this study, a reliable algorithm to develop approximate solutions for the problem of fluid flow over a stretching or shrinking sheet is proposed. It is depicted that the differential transform method (DTM) solutions are only valid for small values of the independent variable. The DTM solutions diverge for some differential equations that extremely have nonlinear behaviors or have boundary-conditions at infinity. For this reason the governing boundary-layer equations are solved by the Multi-step Differential Transform Method (MDTM). The main advantage of this method is that it can be applied directly to nonlinear differential equations without requiring linearization, discretization, or perturbation. It is a semi analytical-numerical technique that formulizes Taylor series in a very different manner. By applying the MDTM the interval of convergence for the series solution is increased. The MDTM is treated as an algorithm in a sequence of intervals for finding accurate approximate solutions for systems of differential equations. It is predicted that the MDTM can be applied to a wide range of engineering applications.

Analysis and application of wavelet transform in target imaging and detection of stepped frequency MMW radar

The imaging and target detection methods for stepped frequency signal based on the wavelet transform and its power spectrum are investigated. Not only an imaging and target detection algorithm for stepped frequency signal based on the wavelet transform, but also its respective power spectrum are proposed. The multisampling property of stepped frequency signal is studied and wavelet transform is well suited for analyzing the signal. After multisampling property of stepped frequency signal being studied, it is shown that the wavelet transform is appropriate to analyze the signal. Based on the theory, the wavelet power spectrum analysis is applied to obtain the target range profile and the binary wavelet transform is used to perform target detection. To determine a suitable wavelet scaling for imaging of range profile's MMW radar, the distance resolution ΔR technique is proposed. The effectiveness of this new method is evaluated using simulated noisy radar signal. Results show that the proposed method can bring out the exactness and low computational complexity of this method.

Actuation Mechanism of Two-step Reverse Transformation Behavior in TiNi Alloys Deformed at Parent Phase

The actuation mechanism of TiNi shape memory alloy wires, which were deformed at parent phase followed by a cooling process under constant strain constraint, was investigated. The experimental results show that the two-step reverse martensitic transformation behavior occurs during the heating process, and the temperature range of reverse transformation was obviously widened with the increasing of prestrain. The recovery strain vs temperature curves exhibits an actuation characteristic of linear output recovery strain in a wide temperature range.

Strategies for multi-step-ahead available parking spaces forecasting based on wavelet transform

A new methodology for multi-step-ahead forecasting was proposed herein which combined the wavelet transform(WT), artificial neural network(ANN) and forecasting strategies based on the changing characteristics of available parking spaces(APS). First, several APS time series were decomposed and reconstituted by the wavelet transform. Then, using an artificial neural network, the following five strategies for multi-step-ahead time series forecasting were used to forecast the reconstructed time series: recursive strategy, direct strategy, multi-input multi-output(MIMO) strategy, DIRMO strategy(a combination of the direct and MIMO strategies), and newly proposed recursive multi-input multi-output(RECMO) strategy which is a combination of the recursive and MIMO strategies. Finally, integrating the predicted results with the reconstructed time series produced the final forecasted available parking spaces. Three findings appear to be consistently supported by the experimental results. First, applying the wavelet transform to multi-step ahead available parking spaces forecasting can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy. Second, the forecasting resulted from the DIRMO and RECMO strategies is more accurate than that of the other strategies. Finally, the RECMO strategy requires less model training time than the DIRMO strategy and consumes the least amount of training time among five forecasting strategies.

尾矿坝位移分级预警阈值研究及规律分析

针对尾矿坝在线监测重建设、轻利用的现状,基于尾矿坝位移在线监测时间序列,通过多步逆向云变换算法(Multi-step Backward Cloud Transformation Algorithm Based on Sampling with Replacement,MBCT-SR)改进云模型,根据“3E_(n)原则”和内外包络曲线确定在线监测位移的正常运行值,从而建立尾矿坝位移分级预警阈值模型,并利用某尾矿坝全球导航卫星(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)技术表面位移在线监测数据进行实例验证。结果表明:该尾矿坝水平方向位移的黄、橙、红预警阈值分别为8.41 mm/d、12.94 mm/d、19.41 mm/d,呈现出坝体中间预警阈值最大、并由中间向两侧减小的空间变化规律;尾矿坝垂直方向位移的黄、橙、红预警阈值分别为16.56 mm/d、25.48 mm/d、38.22 mm/d,且随着子坝的堆积,预警阈值逐渐增大。

单调线性权互补问题的新全牛顿步可行内点算法

提出求解单调线性权互补问题(WLCP)的全牛顿步可行内点算法。基于线性优化的连续可微函数,给出中心方程的新等价形式,接着运用牛顿法求解定义中心路径的等价方程组,从而得到单调WLCP的新搜索方向。沿该搜索方向使用全牛顿步,无需进行线搜索。通过适当选取参数,分析了全牛顿步的严格可行性,证得算法是二次收敛的且具有多项式时间迭代复杂度。最后数值实验结果表明算法有效。

Scale transform algorithm used in FMCW SAR data processing

The frequency-modulated continuous-wave （FMCW） synthetic aperture radar （SAR） is a light-weight, cost-effective, high-resolution imaging radar, which is suitable for a small flight platform. The signal model is derived for FMCW SAR used in unmanned aerial vehicles （UAV） reconnaissance and remote sensing. An appropriate algorithm is proposed. The algorithm performs the range cell migration correction （RCMC） for continuous nonchirped raw data using the energy invariance of the scaling of a signal in the scale domain. The azimuth processing is based on step transform without geometric resampling operation. The complete derivation of the algorithm is presented. The algorithm performance is shown by simulation results.

JPEG量化步长估计综述

随着JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group)格式的图片在网络存储和传输中的广泛应用,基于JPEG格式的篡改、拼接等恶意操作也层出不穷,利用JPEG图像特性的研究受到越来越多的关注。其中,JPEG图像特性与量化步长息息相关。如果,JPEG压缩后的图像以位图的形式进行保存,研究者无法直接获取到量化步长,从而无法有效地分析JPEG图像特性。因此,对于量化步长的估计在数字图像取证领域越来越受到关注。本文首先介绍了量化步长估计的研究背景,并将量化步长估计问题分成两类问题:单压缩图像的量化步长估计和重压缩图像的首次量化步长估计。其次,在经典的JPEG压缩模型基础上分别了给出了这两类问题的量化步长估计模型,并对每类问题的各种现有方法进行了详细介绍和梳理。随后,在相同实验环境下对经典算法进行了实验,并对经典算法进行了相应的分析与评价。实验结果表明:在单压缩图像的量化步长估计任务中,现有技术相对成熟并且部分算法估计准确率高于90%;但是,在对齐重压缩图像的首次量化步长估计任务中,现有方法仅能估计低频、中频的量化步长,并且当首次与第二次的压缩质量因子相近时,估计准确率较低;在非对齐重压缩图像的首次量化步长估计任务中,由于网格偏移会增加估计量化步长的困难,导致算法在非对齐重压缩上性能较差。最后,指出了量化步长估计中有待进一步解决的问题和发展趋势。

一种新型分体式换流变压器有载分接开关

近年来发生了数起换流变压器有载分接开关在档位调节过程中爆炸起火的严重事故。针对此问题,提出了一种新型分体式换流变有载分接开关的设计方案,将切换开关部分与变压器本体分离,有效避免分接开关故障影响的扩大。切换开关各触头由真空永磁开关替代且操作机构独立配置,结合内部支路配置的电流采样装置,实现切换过程的监测可控。提出了分体式同步控制逻辑和切换开关分步控制逻辑,实现了分接开关调档过程的状态监测及故障保护。样机的试验结果验证了分体式换流变压器有载分接开关方案的可行性和有效性。

基于远程拖拽编程的智能机器狗步姿建模与步态变换

以舵机控制的单腿2自由度、整体8自由度的四足机器狗为研究对象,结合四足仿生机器狗运动学模型,提出了一种远程鼠标拖拽动作编程的运动控制方法;利用不同平面内的坐标变换得出三维坐标向二维坐标的映射关系,在虚拟环境中简化机器狗模型;同时,建立了PC与机器狗的连接系统,进行机器狗的远程动作控制。通过测试实验,验证了拖拽动作编程的可行性与映射关系的准确性。实验结果表明,在拖拽动作编程控制下,PC与机器狗的连接系统能让四足仿生机器狗按照给定的程序进行实时动作。

变压器油中乙炔门控循环单元网络多步预测超参数优化方法

油中溶解乙炔作为电力变压器中重要的放电程度表征参量之一,对其进行多步预测可以为变压器故障诊断及预警提供重要依据。现有的状态预测模型主要集中于单步预测,对于未来更长时期变化趋势的预测手段不足。此外,基于深度学习的多步预测模型的超参数选择大多基于经验和朴素的单一控制变量法,超参数之间的耦合关系没有得到充分的研究。文中提出基于多输出策略的门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络多步预测模型,通过改变模型结构超参数和训练超参数研究超参数之间的耦合关系,使用多目标灰狼优化算法对不同预测结果倾向的GRU模型进行超参数优化。结果表明,GRU模型可以较为准确的对变压器油中乙炔含量进行30天预测,GRU模型的各超参数对输出预测结果的影响规律并不统一且相互影响,一组超参数无法同时达到多目标最优。多目标灰狼优化算法能够根据预测目标的不同,优化选择合适的超参数,为人工智能算法超参数的选取提供参考。

结合自适应步长策略和数据增强机制提升对抗攻击迁移性

深度神经网络具有脆弱性,容易被精心设计的对抗样本攻击.梯度攻击方法在白盒模型上攻击成功率较高,但在黑盒模型上的迁移性较弱.基于Heavy-ball型动量和Nesterov型动量的梯度攻击方法由于在更新方向上考虑了历史梯度信息,提升了对抗样本的迁移性.为了进一步使用历史梯度信息,本文针对收敛性更好的Nesterov型动量方法,使用自适应步长策略代替目前广泛使用的固定步长,提出了一种方向和步长均使用历史梯度信息的迭代快速梯度方法(Nesterov and Adaptive-learning-rate based Iterative Fast Gradient Method,NAI-FGM).此外,本文还提出了一种线性变换不变性(Linear-transformation Invariant Method,LIM)的数据增强方法 .实验结果证实了NAI-FGM攻击方法和LIM数据增强策略相对于同类型方法均具有更高的黑盒攻击成功率.组合NAI-FGM方法和LIM策略生成对抗样本,在常规训练模型上的平均黑盒攻击成功率达到87.8%,在对抗训练模型上的平均黑盒攻击成功率达到57.5%,在防御模型上的平均黑盒攻击成功率达到67.2%,均超过现有最高水平.

山区公路大纵坡小半径曲线路基梁场的提梁及移梁技术

在山势陡峭、地势曲折的山岭地区建造预制梁场进而提梁、移梁施工,需要克服大坡度高差、小半径曲线的地形困难。通过对场地进行变化坡度处置、提梁门式起重机的技术改造,达到轨行式大型重载门式起重机在曲线叠加高差的轨道上安全平稳工作。本研究从北京市门头沟区国道109高速公路项目实例入手,对施工进行研究总结,为山区主线路基上建造预制梁场提梁移梁施工提供参考,具有一定的推广价值。

STEP模型向关系模型的转换

STEP是150组织颁布的产品数据交换国际标准,其信息模型由EXPRESS语言建立。XPRESS建立的数据模型不是单纯的实体/关系(E/R)模型,也不是完全的面向对象(00)模型,尽它不能描述产品动态行为。

一种波导矩圆模式变换器设计

在航管雷达大口径反射面天线、馈线系统中,矩形波导和圆形波导的模式转换过程一直避免不了。而传统的渐变式波导矩圆模式变换器尺寸过长,不够紧凑,很大程度上制约了雷达馈源的体积。运用微波射频仿真软件ANSYS HFSS设计了一款短小紧凑的波导矩圆模式变换器,仅通过在矩形波导和圆波导过渡段之间加载两级台阶变换,即可实现矩形波导TE_(10)模式到圆波导TE_(11)模式的模式变换。通过后期的实物加工测试,验证其电性能良好,波导端口电压驻波比(VSWR)<1.05,插入损耗<0.01 dB,很好地验证了本设计的可行性。其结构简单、紧凑、易加工,电性能良好,在航管雷达馈线系统中具有一定的研究价值。

柔性直流光纤电流互感器阶跃响应特性研究

传统直流光纤电流互感器无法满足柔性直流输电工程的高速响应需求,因此需要研究直流光纤电流互感器的阶跃响应特性及其动态性能改善方法。文中结合直流光纤电流互感器的离散数学模型,对其动态特性进行了全面的仿真、计算和实验研究,结果表明:影响直流光纤电流互感器阶跃响应特性的关键参数是渡越时间、前向通道增益、滤波器阶数和通讯延迟。搭建了直流光纤电流互感器阶跃响应测试平台,经参数优化后的直流光纤电流互感器的阶跃响应上升时间小于50μs,满足相关应用要求。

闭环全光纤电流互感器阶跃响应上升时间研究

应用于柔性直流输电工程的闭环全光纤电流互感器(FOCT)为满足工程应用,需使用长距离保偏光缆实现偏振光信号的远距离传输,对其阶跃响应上升时间的影响尚未论证。此处从工作原理及输出特性两个方面分析了闭环FOCT采用M阶滑动平均滤波器特性、阶跃响应上升时间,并进行了仿真及试验验证,结果表明:影响阶跃响应上升时间的关键因素为光路渡越时间和滑动平均滤波器阶数,滤波器积分时间与闭环FOCT阶跃响应上升时间正相关;增加300m保偏光缆后闭环FOCT阶跃响应上升时间显著增加,通过控制滑动平均滤波器的积分时间可使闭环FOCT阶跃响应上升时间及测量性能与不增加长距离保偏光缆保持一致,解决了闭环FOCT增加保偏光缆引起阶跃响应上升时间增加的问题,满足柔性直流输电工程对其快速响应及特性稳定的需求。

中小企业数字化转型的思路与步骤

在综述企业数字化转型文献的基础上,本文论述了中小企业数字化转型的思路与步骤。中小企业推进数字化转型,不宜毕其功于一役,可以分为谋划阶段、试点阶段、推广阶段、深化阶段等,不同阶段有不同的目标、任务和举措。采取循序渐进的方式推进中小企业数字化转型,有助于中小企业逐步实现数字化转型目的。

从纸质到数字:中职汽车专业教材数字化改造的探索

在信息时代背景下,中职教育面临产业升级与技术变革带来的新挑战。信息技术特别是数字化教学资源的融入,为中职教育提供了新的教学模式和学习方式,推动了教育现代化进程。中职汽车专业教材的数字化改造尤为迫切,以适应快速发展的汽车行业对知识更新和技术应用的需求。文章深入探讨了纸质教材向数字化教材转型的必要性、可行性及实施路径,分析了传统教材局限性,介绍了数字化教材的特点和优势,探讨了制作平台的选择,讨论了具体步骤,并对未来趋势进行了展望。

一起换流变失步故障处置流程及原因分析

介绍一起默拉直流换流变调档失步的故障。现场通过采取紧急处置措施,避免换流变档位的进一步偏差,防止换流变饱和保护或零序电流保护动作。通过对现场调档机构、交流电源检查及二次回路测量,确定事故的直接原因为交流电源监测继电器故障,交流电源切换不成功,导致换流变调档机构丢失交流电源。提出事故的应对措施,快速定位故障,缩短故障处置时间。