Direction finding of bistatic MIMO radar in strong impulse noise

For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in suppressing impulse noise and achieving superior direction finding performance using the maximum likelihood(ML)estimation method.A quantum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA)is devised to resolve the corresponding objective function for efficient and accurate direc-tion finding.The results of simulation reveal the capability of the presented method in success rate and root mean square error over existing direction-finding methods in different application situations,e.g.,locating coherent signal sources with very few snapshots in strong impulse noise.Other than that,the Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)under impulse noise environment has been drawn to test the capability of the presented method.

Aerodynamics of indirect thrust measurement by the impulse method

The aerodynamic aspects of indirect thrust measurement by the impulse method have been studied both experimentally and numerically. The underlying basic aerodynamic principle is outlined, the phenomena in subsonic, supersonic and arc-heated jets are explored, and factors affecting the accuracy of the method are studied and discussed. Results show that the impulse method is reliable for indirect thrust measurement if certain basic requirements are met, and a simple guideline for its proper application is given.

Variational Methods to Nonlinear Differential Equations with Non-instantaneous Impulses

The author aimed to investigate the solvability for nonlinear differential equations with not instantaneous impulses.Variational approach was adopted to obtain the existence of weak solutions as critical points. The findings of this study may serve as a reference for multiplicity of impulsive problems.

Removing Random-Valued Impulse Noises by a Two-Staged Nonlinear Filtering Method

Digital images are frequently contaminated by impulse noise(IN)during acquisition and transmission.The removal of this noise from images is essential for their further processing.In this paper,a two-staged nonlinear filtering algorithm is proposed for removing random-valued impulse noise(RVIN)from digital images.Noisy pixels are identified and corrected in two cascaded stages.The statistics of two subsets of nearest neighbors are employed as the criterion for detecting noisy pixels in the first stage,while directional differences are adopted as the detector criterion in the second stage.The respective adaptive median values are taken as the replacement values for noisy pixels in each stage.The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of several existing methods.The experimental results show that the performance of the suggested algorithm is superior to those of the compared methods in terms of noise removal,edge preservation,and processing time.

Numerical Study of the Vibrations of Beams with Variable Stiffness under Impulsive or Harmonic Loading

The behavior of beams with variable stiffness subjected to the action of variable loadings (impulse or harmonic) is analyzed in this paper using the successive approximation method. This successive approximation method is a technique for numerical integration of partial differential equations involving both the space and time, with well-known initial conditions on time and boundary conditions on the space. This technique, although having been applied to beams with constant stiffness, is new for the case of beams with variable stiffness, and it aims to use a quadratic parabola (in time) to approximate the solutions of the differential equations of dynamics. The spatial part is studied using the successive approximation method of the partial differential equations obtained, in order to transform them into a system of time-dependent ordinary differential equations. Thus, the integration algorithm using this technique is established and applied to examples of beams with variable stiffness, under variable loading, and with the different cases of supports chosen in the literature. We have thus calculated the cases of beams with constant or variable rigidity with articulated or embedded supports, subjected to the action of an instantaneous impulse and harmonic loads distributed over its entire length. In order to justify the robustness of the successive approximation method considered in this work, an example of an articulated beam with constant stiffness subjected to a distributed harmonic load was calculated analytically, and the results obtained compared to those found numerically for various steps (spatial h and temporal τ ¯ ) of calculus, and the difference between the values obtained by the two methods was small. For example for ( h=1/8 , τ ¯ =1/ 64 ), the difference between these values is 17%.

Interval analysis method and convex models for impulsive response of structures with uncertain-but-bounded external loads

Two non-probabilistic, set-theoretical methods for determining the maximum and minimum impulsive responses of structures to uncertain-but-bounded impulses are presented. They are, respectively, based on the theories of interval mathematics and convex models. The uncertain-but-bounded impulses are assumed to be a convex set, hyper-rectangle or ellipsoid. For the two non-probabilistic methods, less prior information is required about the uncertain nature of impulses than the probabilistic model. Comparisons between the interval analysis method and the convex model, which are developed as an anti-optimization problem of finding the least favorable impulsive response and the most favorable impulsive response, are made through mathematical analyses and numerical calculations. The results of this study indicate that under the condition of the interval vector being determined from an ellipsoid containing the uncertain impulses, the width of the impulsive responses predicted by the interval analysis method is larger than that by the convex model; under the condition of the ellipsoid being determined from an interval vector containing the uncertain impulses, the width of the interval impulsive responses obtained by the interval analysis method is smaller than that by the convex model.

Numerical Analysis of Balanced Methods for the Impulsive Stochastic Differential Equations

Positive results are proved here about the ability of balanced methods to reproduce the mean square stability of the impulsive stochastic differential equations. It is shown that the balanced methods with strong convergence can preserve the mean square stability with the sufficiently small stepsize. Weak variants and their mean square stability are also considered. Several numerical experiments are given for illustration and show that the fully implicit methods are superior to those of the explicit methods in terms of mean-square stabilities for relatively large stepsizes especially.

Multiplicity Results for Second Order Impulsive Differential Equations via Variational Methods

In this paper we investigate a class of impulsive differential equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Firstly, we define new inner product of <img src="Edit_890fce38-e82b-4f36-be40-9d05e8119b88.png" width="40" height="17" alt="" /> and prove that the norm which is deduced by the inner product is equivalent to the usual norm. Secondly, we construct the lower and upper solutions of (1.1). Thirdly, we obtain the existence of a positive solution, a negative solution and a sign-changing solution by using critical point theory and variational methods. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the application of our main result.

高原地区隧道净空绝缘间隙修正

高原地区雷害频繁,电气外绝缘性能降低。修建高原铁路隧道需要对隧道净空绝缘间隙进行修正,其中隧道-架空接触网气隙间距是确定隧道净空间隙的重要依据,雷电冲击放电电压是确定该气隙最小间距的控制因素。国内外现有高海拔修正系列标准均不适用于3000 m以上地区,考虑放电基本特性和原理,在人工气候实验室搭建铁路隧道的典型结构,并模拟高原地区气候特点,研究300~700 mm 5个短间隙在243~4000 m 5个海拔条件下的正、负极性雷电冲击放电特性。基于大气实际参数提出了3种隧道净空绝缘间隙修正方法,建议在2、3、4 km海拔处分别按照340、390、440 mm进行隧道-架空接触网绝缘间隙修正,从而确定最小隧道净空高度。该方法可为高海拔地区铁路的电气化设计和改造提供指导,具有工程应用意义。

布仑口水电站冲击式机组柔性电制动技术应用

为保证布仑口水电站机组停机过程中轴承油膜不被破坏,确保机组瓦温运行在安全范围内,解决制动停机问题,文章以新疆布仑口水电站为背景,介绍了冲击式机组柔性电制动技术的工程应用,重点介绍了布仑口电站冲击式机组停机方式、柔性电制动停机原理、电制动主回路接线形式、电制动流程、电制动系统主要设备参数,并对柔性电制动技术的基本思路和工程实现进行探讨。

基于正交试验设计的可渗透喷管参数影响规律分析

利用正交试验设计方法,考察喷管关键设计因素对可渗透喷管工作性能的影响。针对喷管扩张比、基础扩张比、开孔角度、孔隙率、孔径等5个影响因素,通过对正交试验结果进行范围分析和极差分析,明确各影响因素对喷管性能的影响程度排序及其显著性水平。结果表明,低海拔工作环境条件会强化可渗透喷管推力性能对模型参数的依赖性和敏感度。在所选的参数水平下,基础扩张比是影响高度积分平均比冲最显著的因素,其次为喷管扩张比,而开孔角度、孔隙率与孔径对喷管性能影响程度较小。喷管扩张比、基础扩张比、开孔角度对喷管性能的影响存在单调函数关系,但孔隙率、孔径与喷管性能不存在单调函数关系。

典型光电系统强电磁脉冲耦合分析与加固方法

随着电磁环境的日益复杂,电子设备面临的电磁威胁愈加严峻。光电系统作为高灵敏集成化电子设备,强电磁脉冲能量耦合进入系统内部,影响防护能力本就薄弱的光电系统的正常运行。为明晰典型光电系统强电磁耦合过程,通过仿真分析不同强电磁辐照条件下筒型、侧窗型和多窗口型三种典型光电系统的强电磁耦合情况,提取了光电系统强电磁耦合特征及其制约因素,验证了光电系统进行强电磁防护加固的必要性和紧迫性。为解决光电系统强电磁防护能力薄弱的问题,通过仿真分析,验证了透明电磁防护窗口的强电磁加固效能;开展了基于支撑台阶与导电侧壁的电磁缝隙防护加固方法研究,分析了透明防护窗口缝隙耦合泄露的关键安装结构参数,提出了一种非电接触式装配缝隙强电磁防护加固方法。经测试,当缝隙防护结构长度为6 mm时,在0.2~4 GHz频率范围光电系统平均强电磁防护效能提升4.51 dB。研究结果为光电系统强电磁防护能力提升提供了理论指导和具体解决方案。

基于机器学习建模的液体火箭发动机喷管内型面优化设计

喷管是液体火箭发动机产生推力的重要部件。喷管型面的结构将直接影响燃烧所产生的燃气在喷管中的流动情况,进而对发动机的性能产生影响。采用B样条曲线对抛物面型线进行参数化,计算样本集的流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)流场,以比冲为优化变量对喷管性能进行评估。研究表明,基于代理模型优化得到的喷管内型面结构与特征线法计算结果基本一致,比冲计算结果相当,最大误差为0.28%。通过代理模型和网格变形方法,可实现液体火箭发动机喷管内型面优化设计,提高优化效率。

络纱问题理论研究及可视化

络纱过程是纺织工艺的重要环节,在轻工业手工业中有着广泛的应用.本文将络纱过程简化为弦振动过程,分别采用傅里叶级数法和冲量定理法对络纱问题的定解问题进行求解,进而得到络纱气圈振动解,并从能量角度解释络纱气圈为驻波的原因.借助数学软件将络纱气圈的运动状态进行了可视化,探究了不同振动波速和退绕角速度下的络纱气圈形态,得到一些有趣的结论.

《建筑电气与智能化通用规范》雷电防护部分条文探讨

为了更好地执行GB 55024—2022《建筑电气与智能化通用规范》,确保建筑电气安全,论文对GB 55024—2022《建筑电气与智能化通用规范》第7.1节雷电防护中部分条文和GB 50057—2010《建筑物防雷设计规范》进行了比较和分析。并结合IEC标准相关内容,对建筑物的防雷分级、接闪网格法的应用、建筑物进线电源处SPD的选择等问题进行了研究。研究结果显示,GB 55024—2022《建筑电气与智能化通用规范》与其他规范在雷电防护上内容有较大变化,并且GB 55024—2022《建筑电气与智能化通用规范》是根据IEC相关标准进行的修订。该规范的部分条文应当结合对应的强制性工程建设项目规范进行使用。

温度对PDC法测试冲击电容器结果的影响解析

基于温度对PDC法测试冲击电容器的结果影响展开研究,了解PDC法测试冲击电容的详细情况,保证PDC法测试冲击电容器的结果可靠性,可以提升测试水平。但是受到温度的影响,不利于PDC法测试冲击电容器的水平,可能导致结果出现变化。在测试时,要注意对结果的控制,降低温度的影响,提高测试水平。

锅炉炉内汽水爆炸冲击波及爆炸效应评价研究

为合理地估算锅炉汽水爆炸冲击波的能量及破坏效应,首先对锅炉汽水爆炸的理论进行研究,主要包括锅炉汽水爆炸的过程与能量、TNT当量法、TNO多能法以及爆炸破坏评价准则,接着就某高温高压循环流化床锅炉水冷壁爆管引发炉内汽水爆炸事故进行计算分析,经计算,汽水爆炸总能量为150822.1 kJ,其中饱和蒸汽爆破能量占饱和水的比例α为10.5%,不能按照一般处理进行忽略;在TNT当量法中,汽水爆炸冲击波的峰值超压Δpmax=0.204 MPa,依据超压准则评价其破坏效应时,得到近场超压偏大的结论;在TNO多能法中,汽水爆炸的DN值为4.036×10~7 Pa2·s,依据超压-冲量准则评价其破坏效应与实际情况相符。TNT当量法容易高估近场处的超压,因此在估算锅炉炉内汽水爆炸破坏效应时,优先选用TNO多能法结合超压-冲量准则的方法,其结果更为准确。该研究成果对锅炉炉内汽水爆炸事故的预防、认定、诊断分析提供了理论计算依据和数据支撑,对锅炉实际工程项目中安全风险的辨识和评估有着重要的意义,同时为运行中降低炉内发生汽水爆炸的风险给出了运行管理建议。

Is it better to use two elastographic methods for liver fibrosis assessment?

AIM:To find out if by combining 2 ultrasound based elastographic methods:acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI)elastography and transient elastography(TE),we can improve the prediction of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS:Our study included 197 patients with chronic hepatitis C.In each patient,we performed,in the same session,liver stiffness(LS)measurements by means of TE and ARFI,respectively,and liver biopsy(LB),assessed according to the Metavir score.10 LS measurements were performed both by TE and ARFI;median values were calculated and expressed in kilopascals(kPa)and meters/second(m/s),respectively.Only TE and ARFI measurements with IQR<30%andSR≥60%were considered reliable.RESULTS:On LB 13(6.6%)patients had F0,32(16.2%) had F1,52(26.4%)had F2,47(23.9%)had F3,and 53(26.9%)had F4.A direct,strong correlation was found between TE measurements and fibrosis(r=0.741),between ARFI and fibrosis(r=0.730)and also between TE and ARFI(r=0.675).For predicting significant fibrosis(F≥2),for a cutoff of 6.7 kPa,TE had 77.5% sensitivity(Se)and 86.5%specificity(Sp)[area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)0.87] and for a cutoff of 1.2 m/s,ARFI had 76.9%Se and 86.7%Sp(AUROC 0.84).For predicting cirrhosis(F=4),for a cutoff of 12.2 kPa,TE had 96.2%Se and 89.6% Sp(AUROC 0.97)and for a cutoff of 1.8 m/s,ARFI had 90.4%Se and 85.6%Sp(AUROC 0.91).When both elastographic methods were taken into consideration,for predicting significant fibrosis(F≥2),(TE≥6.7 kPa and ARFI≥1.2 m/s)we obtained 60.5%Se,93.3% Sp,96.8%positive predictive value(PPV),41.4%negative predictive value(NPV)and 68%accuracy,while for predicting cirrhosis(TE≥12.2 kPa and ARFI≥1.8 m/s) we obtained 84.9%Se,94.4%Sp,84.9%PPV,94.4% NPV and 91.8%accuracy.CONCLUSION:TE used in combination with ARFI is highly specific for predicting significant fibrosis;therefore when the two methods are concordant,liver biopsy can be avoided.

Dynamic interaction numerical models in the time domain based on the high performance scaled boundary finite element method

Consideration of structure-foundation-soil dynamic interaction is a basic requirement in the evaluation of the seismic safety of nuclear power facilities. An efficient and accurate dynamic interaction numerical model in the time domain has become an important topic of current research. In this study, the scaled boundary finite element method （SBFEM） is improved for use as an effective numerical approach with good application prospects. This method has several advantages, including dimensionality reduction, accuracy of the radial analytical solution, and unlike other boundary element methods, it does not require a fundamental solution. This study focuses on establishing a high performance scaled boundary finite element interaction analysis model in the time domain based on the acceleration unit-impulse response matrix, in which several new solution techniques, such as a dimensionless method to solve the interaction force, are applied to improve the numerical stability of the actual soil parameters and reduce the amount of calculation. Finally, the feasibility of the time domain methods are illustrated by the response of the nuclear power structure and the accuracy of the algorithms are dynamically verified by comparison with the refinement of a large-scale viscoelastic soil model.

Time Domain Rankine-Green Panel Method for Offshore Structures

To solve the numerical divergence problem of the direct time domain Green function method for the motion simulation of floating bodies with large flare, a time domain hybrid Rankine-Green boundary element method is proposed. In this numerical method, the fluid domain is decomposed by an imaginary control surface, at which the continuous condition should be satisfied. Then the Rankine Green function is adopted in the inner domain. The transient free surface Green function is applied in the outer domain, which is used to find the relationship between the velocity potential and its normal derivative for the inner domain. Besides, the velocity potential at the mean free surface between body surface and control surface is directly solved by the integration scheme. The wave exciting force is computed through the convolution integration with wave elevation, by introducing the impulse response function. Additionally, the nonlinear Froude-Krylov force and hydrostatic force, which is computed under the instantaneous incident wave free surface, are taken into account by the direct pressure integration scheme. The corresponding numerical computer code is developed and first used to compute the hydrodynamic coefficients of the hemisphere, as well as the time history of a ship with large flare; good agreement is obtained with the analytical solutions as well as the available numerical results. Then the hydrodynamic properties of a FPSO are studied. The hydrodynamic coefficients agree well with the results computed by the frequency method; the influence of the time interval and the truncated time is investigated in detail.