Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria monatha

Two new Steroidal alkaloids, named pengbeisine A and pengbeisine B, were isolated from the fresh bulbs of Fritillaria monatha Migo. along with a known alkaloid. The structures were characterized as 22,26-imino-17, 23-oxido-5α-jerv-6-oxo-2α,3β-diol and 22, 26-imino-17, 23-oxido-5α-jerv-6-oxo-2β,3α-diol on the basis of spectroscopic methods.

Two new steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum nigrum var.ussuriense

Two new steroidal alkaloids, veraussines A （1） and B （2） were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense. Their structures were determined as N-（ethoxycarbonyl）- 1 α,2β,3α, 15α-tetrahydroxy-5fl-jervanin- 12-en- 11 -one （1） and N-（methoxycarbonyl）-1α,2β,3α,15α-tetrahydroxy-5/3-jervanin-12-en-1 l-one （2） by spectroscopic analysis.

Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule.They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities,and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs,such as abiraterone acetate(Zytiga®),a blockbuster drug,which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer.Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities,which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities.This review comprehensively covers the structural classification,isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021,with 363 references being cited.

STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS FROM SARCOCOCCA VAGANS

A new steroidal alkaloid, vaganine A (1) was isolated together with a known compound paohysandrine A (2) from Sarcooocca vagans. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic evidence.

SIECHUANSINE,A NEW STEROIDAL ALKALOID FROM FRITILLARIA

From the bulbs of Fritillaria siechuanica S.C.Chen cultivated in Sichuan province,a new steroidal alkaloid,siechuansine,was isolated.Spectral methods demonstrated that it is a 13—epimer of wanpeinine A.

Steroidal alkaloids ameliorate cell proliferation,oxidative stress,inflammation and histology outcome in vitro and in vivo

Objective: To investigate the effects of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D isolated from Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna on cell-proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-a-induced human RA-FLS MH7 A in vitro, and against complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritis rats in vivo. Methods: CCK-8 assay was utilized to evaluate the anti-proliferation activity in vitro. In in-vivo study, rats were randomly divided into control group, model group(CFA), steroidal alkaloids(STA) groups(5.0, 2.5 and 1.25 g/kg BW),and sarcovagine D(SD) groups(50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), 10 rats for each group. To evaluate the anti-inflammation effect, the histology, biochemical parameters and expression of inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results: Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D showed strong anti-proliferative activity during MH7 A cell culture proliferation and downregulated NO levels, and inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE_2) in vitro. The rats treated with CFA induced ankle inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration, upregulated IL-1β, TNF-α,IL-6, PGE_2, MDA and NO levels, and downregulated IL-10 and SOD. On the contrary,steroidal alkaloids ameliorated all the changes induced by CFA in rats, suggesting the antiinflammatory effect of steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D. Conclusions: The results suggest that Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna has anti-inflammatory effect. Steroidal alkaloids and sarcovagine D has the potential to cure RA.

TWO NEW STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS,DONGBEININE AND DONGBEIRINE,FROM FRITILLARIA THUNBERGII MIO.VAR.CHEKIANGENSIS

Two new D/E trans-5(?)-cevanine alkaloids,Dongbernine and Dongbeirine,have been isolated from Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.var.chekiangensis together with six known compounds,peimine,peiminine,isoverticine,verticindiol,B—sitosterol daucoterol.

Antibacterial Activity of Extract and an Isolated Steroidal Alkaloid from the Seeds of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz

The purpose of this study was to isolate a new compound from the seeds of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz, which showed antibacterial activity. The seeds were macerated with 95% of ethanol and then purified by column chromatography using Avicel as the adsorbent. After that, 50% of methanol in water was used as the eluting solvent and continued to further purify by Avicel preparative layer chromatogram 2 times using 80% of methanol in water as developing solvent. MIC of pure compound was done by two fold dilution method. Muller Hinton agar was selected as the media. The new compound was found as combretin, a steroidal alkaloid, and showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 better than Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

蒙自藜芦中的甾体生物碱及抗炎活性研究

目的研究云南药用披麻草植物资源蒙自藜芦中的甾体生物碱成分及其抗炎活性。方法采用硅胶柱色谱法、反相柱色谱法、凝胶柱色谱法和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)制备等多种分离手段对蒙自藜芦根和根茎的乙醇提取部分进行分离,根据波谱数据确定所分离得到的甾体生物碱类化合物的结构,对这些化合物进行抗炎活性初步研究。结果从蒙自藜芦中分离出了8个甾体生物碱,并通过波谱学数据和理化性质分别鉴定为3-当归酰基棋盘花胺(1)、3-藜芦酰基计明碱(2)、介芬胺(3)、藜芦嗪(4)、vermitaline(5)、3-当归酰基棋盘花胺-β-N-氧化物(6)、环杷明(7)、藜芦胺(8)。化合物2、4、7为首次从该植物中分离得到。其中,化合物8对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的一氧化氮产生有明显的抑制作用,在50μmol·L^(-1);时一氧化氮生成抑制率为(47.01±0.41)%,且能够降低炎症因子环氧合酶(COX-2)和诱导型-氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的蛋白表达水平,并呈剂量依赖性。结论本研究可为蒙自藜芦的抗炎活性物质基础及开发利用提供科学依据。

东方野扇花中甾体生物碱成分研究

目的:研究东方野扇花Sarcococca orientalis C.Y.Wu的甾体生物碱成分。方法:利用各种色谱手段对东方野扇花全草的醇提物进行分离纯化,并通过^(1)H、^(13)C-NMR等波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果:从东方野扇花中共分离得到10个甾体生物碱,分别鉴定为:(20S)-20-(N,N-dimethylamino)-pregn-14、17-en-3-one(1)、sarchookloide B(2)、20α-dimethylamino-2α-hydroxyl-3β-tigloylamino-5α-pregnane(3)、sarcovagine D(4)、(20S,2′Z)-20-(N,N-dimethylamino)-3β-(2-methyl-2Z-butenamido)-pregn-5-en-4-one(5)、funtumafrine C(6)、sarcovagine A(7)、sarcorucinine D(8)、hookerianine A(9)、富贵草碱A(10)。结论:以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中,化合物1为新的甾体生物碱。

雀舌黄杨中生物碱成分的研究

用甲醇溶剂对黄杨科黄杨属雀舌黄杨(Buxus bodinieri)的地上部分进行回流提取,采用硅胶、氧化铝、葡聚糖凝胶和半制备HPLC对提取物进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据以及与文献数据的比对,从中分离鉴定了10个生物碱化合物,分别为cyclobuxoviridine(1)、N-dimethylcycloxobuxovircine(2)、cyclovirobuxine C(3)、cyclovirobuxine A(4)、cycloprotobuxine C(5)、cycloprotobuxine A(6)、cyclobuxoxazine(7)、cyclobuxoxazine A(8)、buxruguline B(9)和irehine(10).化合物1~9为三萜生物碱,化合物10为甾体生物碱,化合物1及3~10为首次从该植物中分离得到.

微波辅助提取龙葵中总生物碱的研究

本文对龙葵中总生物碱 (Totalsteroidalalkaloids,TSA)的微波辅助提取 (Microwave assistedextraction ,MAE)工艺、作用机理及对成分的结构影响进行了系统的研究。以酸性染料比色法为分析手段 ,设计正交试验得到了最佳提取工艺 :以 95 %乙醇为溶剂 ,料液比 1:2 0 ,在 5 85W下提取 8min ;用扫描电镜 (SEM)对样品处理前后形貌进行了观察 ,揭示了微波作用机理与细胞结构变化有关。同时薄层色谱 (TLC)、反相高效液相色谱 (RP- HPLC)定性分析显示 ,微波对有效成分的结构没有造成影响。

伊贝碱甙B的分离和结构测定

本文报道自吉林栽培的伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk)中分得一种新的C-去甲-D-异甾体生物碱甙,命名为伊贝碱甙B(yibeinoside B)。根据红外、质谱、氢谱和碳谱确定了结构。

藜芦生物碱抗血栓作用及构效关系研究

目的：研究藜芦总生物碱（Vn A）以及6种单一生物碱（A1-A6）的抗血栓活性及作用机制。方法：测定Vn A以及A1-A6对大鼠下腔静脉血栓、凝血参数（APTT、PT、TT）、ADP及凝血酶诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响。结果：Vn A、A1-A5能显著降低血栓湿质量和血小板聚集率,延长TT,对APTT和PT无明显影响。A6对所测指标均无明显影响。结论：Vn A以及A1-A5有抗血栓活性,A6无抗血栓活性。A2可能是藜芦生物碱抗血栓活性的主要有效成分。抗血栓作用与抗血小板聚集以及TT的延长有关。西藜芦碱骨架是抗血栓活性必需的,C3位的酯基取代能增强抗血栓活性。

伊贝辛的分离和鉴定

从吉林栽培的伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk)鳞茎中分离出两种介藜芦胺类生物碱Ⅰ和Ⅱ。碱Ⅱ是一个新的甾体生物碱,定名为伊贝辛(yibeissine),结构为22,26-imino-17,23-oxidojerv-12-en-6-oxo-3β,11α-diol,碱Ⅰ是一个已知化合物,结构为11-deoxo-6-oxo-5α,6-dihydrojervine。

海南野扇花中甾体生物碱的化学研究

从黄杨科野扇花属植物海南野扇花（ＳａｒｃｏｃｏｃｃａｖａｇａｎｓＳｔａｐｆ）的根中分离得到６个甾体生物碱，经波谱分析及理化常数测定，确定其结构分别为帕其沙明Ａ（ｐａｃｈｙｓａｍｉｎｅＡ，Ｉ），矮陀陀碱Ｆ（ａｘｉｌａｒｉｎｅＦ，ＩＩ），海南野扇花碱Ａ～Ｄ（ｓａｒｃｏｖａｇｉｎｅＡ～Ｄ，ＩＩ～ＶＩ）。其中，化合物ＩＩ～ＶＩ为新的甾体生物碱。

白英甾体总生物碱对人肺癌细胞A549裸鼠异种移植瘤的药效研究

目的探讨白英抗肿瘤有效部位对人肺癌细胞A549裸鼠异种移植肿瘤生长抑制作用及作用强度。方法在裸鼠腹腔内接种人肺癌细胞A549细胞株复制肿瘤模型,给予阳性对照药紫杉醇和白英甾体总生物碱干预后,测量肿瘤体积和肿瘤质量,计算肿瘤生长抑制率,比较组间抗肿瘤药效强度。结果白英低、中、高剂量组(12,24,48 mg·kg-1)的相对肿瘤增殖率(T/C)分别为85.52%、60.64%、45.24%,抑瘤率分别为2.35%、49.79%、48.93%,而相同条件下,紫杉醇组(8 mg·kg-1)的T/C和抑瘤率分别为14.68%、82.59%。紫杉醇有明显的抗肿瘤作用,白英甾体总生物碱均有一定的抗肿瘤作用,其中中、高剂量组抗肿瘤作用更明显。结论白英甾体总生物碱对人肺癌细胞A549裸鼠异种移植肿瘤的生长具有抑制作用。

黄杨科植物化学分类学初探

黄杨科 (Buxaceae)是有 5属 6 0余种植物的小科 ,系统位置较为复杂 .本文讨论了黄杨科植物甾体生物碱成分的结构特征 ;以甾体生物碱作为化学分类学的特征物质 ,初步探讨了黄杨科植物化学分类学的依据和系统位置 ;同时讨论了黄杨属 (Buxus)、板凳果属 (Pachysandra ,又称富贵草属 )和野扇花属 (Sarcococca) 3属间的相互关系 .这些结果基本上支持Takhtajan的黄杨科分类系统 .表 1参

龙葵甾体类生物碱对S_(180)及Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠的影响

目的:观察龙葵甾体类生物碱对荷瘤(S180)小鼠及对Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠的影响,探讨部分作用机理。方法:分别采用接种S180移植性实体瘤及Lewis肺癌瘤株的方法造成两种荷瘤小鼠。注射给予药物后,观测荷瘤(S180)小鼠瘤重及抑瘤率、血清TNF-α及IL-2水平、胸腺及脾指数指标;观测Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠瘤重及抑瘤率、血清IL-6及IL-8水平。结果:ICR小鼠接种S180移植性实体瘤后,模型组肿瘤平均重量大于1g,血清TNF-α含量明显低于正常对照组;龙葵甾体类生物碱各组小鼠肿瘤浸润范围均小于模型组,瘤体易剥离,瘤重明显减轻,龙葵甾体类生物碱各组均可以升高血清TNF-α、IL-2含量;C57BL/6J小鼠接种Lewis肺癌细胞后,4天皮下可见肿瘤。模型组小鼠血清IL-6和IL-8水平均明显下降,龙葵甾体类生物碱各给药组瘤重均低于模型组,并可以显著增加模型小鼠血清中IL-6和IL-8水平。结论:龙葵甾体类生物碱不仅具有抑制肿瘤增长的作用,还可以显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8的水平,对肿瘤的治疗具有积极意义,这可能是其发挥抗肿瘤作用的机理之一。

牛蒡根化学成分研究

从牛蒡根95%乙醇提取液中分离得到6个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定出5个化合物分别为牛蒡子苷(1)、山柰酚(2)、腺苷(3)、羟基茄碱(4)、spirosl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyrannosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyr-anosyl(5),其中化合物2～5为首次从该种植物中分离得到。