Stigma color is a critical agronomic trait in watermelon that plays an important role in pollination.However,there are few reports on the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.In this study,a genetic analysis of th...Stigma color is a critical agronomic trait in watermelon that plays an important role in pollination.However,there are few reports on the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.In this study,a genetic analysis of the F2 population derived from ZXG1553(P1,with orange stigma)and W1-17(P2,with yellow stigma)indicated that stigma color is a quantitative trait and the orange stigma is recessive compared with the yellow stigma.Bulk segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)revealed a 3.75 Mb segment on chromosome 6 that is related to stigma color.Also,a major stable effective QTL Clqsc6.1(QTL stigma color)was detected in two years between cleaved amplified polymorphic sequencing(CAPS)markers Chr06_8338913 and Chr06_9344593 spanning a~1.01 Mb interval that harbors 51 annotated genes.Cla97C06G117020(annotated as zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 4)was identified as the best candidate gene for the stigma color trait through RNA-seq,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),and gene structure alignment analysis among the natural watermelon panel.The expression level of Cla97C06G117020 in the orange stigma accession was lower than in the yellow stigma accessions with a significant difference.A nonsynonymous SNP site of the Cla97C06G117020 coding region that causes amino acid variation was related to the stigma color variation among nine watermelon accessions according to their re-sequencing data.Stigma color formation is often related to carotenoids,and we also found that the expression trend of ClCHYB(annotated asβ-carotene hydroxylase)in the carotenoid metabolic pathway was consistent with Cla97C06G117020,and it was expressed in low amounts in the orange stigma accession.These data indicated that Cla97C06G117020 and ClCHYB may interact to form the stigma color.This study provides a theoretical basis for gene fine mapping and mechanisms for the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.展开更多
Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fru...Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fruit development in melon.Here,we used an F_(2)melon population derived from a cross between‘MR-1’(P_(1),with green stigmas)and‘M1–32’(P_(2),with yellow stigmas),and performed genetic analysis and mapping.The results of bulked segregant analysis allowed the identification of genetic loci controlling stigma color on chromosomes 6 and 8.An F2 population consisting of 150 individuals was used for initial mapping.A genetic map of 304.17 cM was constructed using 37 cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence(CAPS)markers.We identified one major quantitative trait locus(QTL)and one minor QTL for stigma color.The major QTL GS8.1 was further mapped to a 4.13 cM interval between CAPS markers 8C-10 and 8C-16,which explained 27.04%of the phenotypic variation.In addition,GS6.1 was mapped between E-49 and 6A-7,explaining 18.6%of the phenotypic variation.This study provides a theoretical basis for the fine mapping and cloning of melon genes controlling stigma color.展开更多
Aims Exploring the characteristics and function of a flower color poly-morphism contributes to our understanding of floral evolution in angiosperms.However,little information is available on stigma color polymorphisms...Aims Exploring the characteristics and function of a flower color poly-morphism contributes to our understanding of floral evolution in angiosperms.However,little information is available on stigma color polymorphisms in flowering plants despite their important functional role in plant reproduction.Methods We studied a stigma color polymorphism at the individual level in Acer pictum subsp.mono(aka A.mono)by investigating stigma-color morph proportion and comparing stigma performance and compo-nents of female fitness(pollen adhesion,pollen germination,fruit set,seed set and fruit weight)between the two morphs(red and greenish-yellow stigma)within natural populations at Dongling mountain in the north of China.in the flowering period,we conducted hand pol-lination in natural populations and then made microscopic observa-tions using the aniline blue fluorescence method.Important Findingsindividuals in the studied populations did not change their stigma color between years,and flowers produced by a single tree were uniform in their stigma color.This strongly suggests that stigma color variation is genetically controlled.The percentage of the red stigma flowers with germinated pollen grains was significantly higher than that of the greenish-yellow stigma flowers when hand pollination was conducted in the early flowering period,but not so in the late flowering period.There was no significant difference in the percentage of flowers with pollen adhesion to the stigma between the two morphs.Fruit set of the red morph was signifi-cantly higher than that of the greenish-yellow morph.our findings suggest that the red morph may be more advantageous for pollen germination and fruit set than the greenish-yellow morph,which may provide a functional explanation for the high incidence of the red stigma morph in the studied populations.alternative explana-tions for the stigma color polymorphism are discussed to stimulate further work.展开更多
基金supported by fundings from the Natural Science Funds for Outstanding Youth of Heilongjiang Province,China(YQ2022C011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172577)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,China(CARS-25)the Taishan Industrial Leading Talents Project,China(LJNY202112)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(LH2022C025).
文摘Stigma color is a critical agronomic trait in watermelon that plays an important role in pollination.However,there are few reports on the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.In this study,a genetic analysis of the F2 population derived from ZXG1553(P1,with orange stigma)and W1-17(P2,with yellow stigma)indicated that stigma color is a quantitative trait and the orange stigma is recessive compared with the yellow stigma.Bulk segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)revealed a 3.75 Mb segment on chromosome 6 that is related to stigma color.Also,a major stable effective QTL Clqsc6.1(QTL stigma color)was detected in two years between cleaved amplified polymorphic sequencing(CAPS)markers Chr06_8338913 and Chr06_9344593 spanning a~1.01 Mb interval that harbors 51 annotated genes.Cla97C06G117020(annotated as zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 4)was identified as the best candidate gene for the stigma color trait through RNA-seq,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),and gene structure alignment analysis among the natural watermelon panel.The expression level of Cla97C06G117020 in the orange stigma accession was lower than in the yellow stigma accessions with a significant difference.A nonsynonymous SNP site of the Cla97C06G117020 coding region that causes amino acid variation was related to the stigma color variation among nine watermelon accessions according to their re-sequencing data.Stigma color formation is often related to carotenoids,and we also found that the expression trend of ClCHYB(annotated asβ-carotene hydroxylase)in the carotenoid metabolic pathway was consistent with Cla97C06G117020,and it was expressed in low amounts in the orange stigma accession.These data indicated that Cla97C06G117020 and ClCHYB may interact to form the stigma color.This study provides a theoretical basis for gene fine mapping and mechanisms for the regulation of stigma color in watermelon.
基金This research was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772331)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-25).
文摘Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fruit development in melon.Here,we used an F_(2)melon population derived from a cross between‘MR-1’(P_(1),with green stigmas)and‘M1–32’(P_(2),with yellow stigmas),and performed genetic analysis and mapping.The results of bulked segregant analysis allowed the identification of genetic loci controlling stigma color on chromosomes 6 and 8.An F2 population consisting of 150 individuals was used for initial mapping.A genetic map of 304.17 cM was constructed using 37 cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence(CAPS)markers.We identified one major quantitative trait locus(QTL)and one minor QTL for stigma color.The major QTL GS8.1 was further mapped to a 4.13 cM interval between CAPS markers 8C-10 and 8C-16,which explained 27.04%of the phenotypic variation.In addition,GS6.1 was mapped between E-49 and 6A-7,explaining 18.6%of the phenotypic variation.This study provides a theoretical basis for the fine mapping and cloning of melon genes controlling stigma color.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371073 and 31421063).
文摘Aims Exploring the characteristics and function of a flower color poly-morphism contributes to our understanding of floral evolution in angiosperms.However,little information is available on stigma color polymorphisms in flowering plants despite their important functional role in plant reproduction.Methods We studied a stigma color polymorphism at the individual level in Acer pictum subsp.mono(aka A.mono)by investigating stigma-color morph proportion and comparing stigma performance and compo-nents of female fitness(pollen adhesion,pollen germination,fruit set,seed set and fruit weight)between the two morphs(red and greenish-yellow stigma)within natural populations at Dongling mountain in the north of China.in the flowering period,we conducted hand pol-lination in natural populations and then made microscopic observa-tions using the aniline blue fluorescence method.Important Findingsindividuals in the studied populations did not change their stigma color between years,and flowers produced by a single tree were uniform in their stigma color.This strongly suggests that stigma color variation is genetically controlled.The percentage of the red stigma flowers with germinated pollen grains was significantly higher than that of the greenish-yellow stigma flowers when hand pollination was conducted in the early flowering period,but not so in the late flowering period.There was no significant difference in the percentage of flowers with pollen adhesion to the stigma between the two morphs.Fruit set of the red morph was signifi-cantly higher than that of the greenish-yellow morph.our findings suggest that the red morph may be more advantageous for pollen germination and fruit set than the greenish-yellow morph,which may provide a functional explanation for the high incidence of the red stigma morph in the studied populations.alternative explana-tions for the stigma color polymorphism are discussed to stimulate further work.
