Comparative proteomics analysis reveals the domesticated Lepista sordida primordium differentiation regulation mechanism and the subsequent different development patterns in the pileus and stipe

The wild Lepista sordida is a kind of precious and rare edible fungus.An excellent strain of it by artificial domestication was obtained,which was high-yield and high in iron content.In this study,high-throughput comparative proteomics was used to reveal the regulatory mechanism of its primordium differentiation in the early fruiting body formation.The mycelium before the primordium differentiation mainly expressed high levels of mitochondrial functional proteins and carbon dioxide concentration regulatory proteins.In young mushrooms,the highly expressed proteins were mainly involved in cell component generation,cell proliferation,nitrogen compound metabolism,nucleotide metabolism,glutathione metabolism,and purine metabolism.The differential regulation patterns of pileus and stipe growth to maturity were also revealed.The highly expressed proteins related to transcription,RNA splicing,the production of various organelles,DNA conformational change,nucleosome organization,protein processing,maturation and transport,and cell detoxification regulated the pileus development and maturity.The proteins related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism,large amounts of obsolete cytoplasmic parts,nutrient deprivation,and external stimuli regulated the stipe development and maturity.Multiple CAZymes regulated nutrient absorption,morphogenesis,spore production,stress response,and other life activities at different growth and development stages.

Cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii mushroom strains onagro-industrial residues in solid-state fermentation. Part II: Effect onproductivity and quality of carposomes

The potential of selected Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii wild-type and commercial strains to colonize andproduce carposomes after solid-state fermentation of five substrates constituted of agro-residues namely wheatstraw (WS), beech wood shavings (BWS), coffee residue (CR), barley and oats straw (BOS), rice bark (RB),supplemented with wheat bran was investigated. The effect of substrate composition on bioprocess feasibilitywas assessed for the different strains by quantitative (i.e., mushroom yield and Biological Efficiency-BE %) andcarposome qualitative parameters (i.e., weight, size, colour, firmness). P. ostreatus strains produced carposomesearlier than P. eryngii ones. Early fruiting formation was promoted in WS for P. ostreatus strains, whereas forP. eryngii the lowest values of earliness were observed on BOS substrate. As for crop productivity, P. ostreatusstrain AMRL 150 provided the highest BE (>70%) in all substrates except for RB, while P. ostreatus strain AMRL144 achieved the highest yield and BE in BOS and BWS (75.30 and 64.26%, respectively). P. eryngii stainsproduced less number but heavier carposomes. The highest values of BE% for these strains were recorded on WSand BOS substrates. The BE was further correlated to growth parameters of fungal vegetative phase. As formushroom colour, P. ostreatus were lighter than P. eryngii and BOS substrate promoted lightness in both strains.Firmer P. ostreatus mushrooms were produced at CR. No differences in the whiteness and firmness were detectedamong P. eryngii mushrooms and at any substrate used. The data included in this paper showed that Pleurotusmushrooms can be cultivated on low- or zero-value agro-industrial residues of great financial and environmentalimportance towards the production of value-added food products.