Influence of principal stress rotation of unequal tensile and compressive stress amplitudes on characteristics of soft clay

Soil behavior can reflect the characteristics of principal stress rotation under dynamic wave and traffic loads. Unequal amplitudes of tensile and compressive stresses applied to soils have complex effects on foundation soils in comparison with the pure principal stress rotation path. A series of undrained cyclic hollow torsional shear tests were performed on typical remolded soft clay from the Hexi area of Nanjing, China. The main control parameters were the tensile and compressive stress amplitude ratio(α) and the cyclic dynamic stress ratio(η). It was found that the critical η tended to remain constant at 0.13, when the value of the compressive stress amplitude was higher than the tensile stress amplitude. However, the influence of the tensile stress was limited by the dynamic stress level when α= 1.For obvious structural change in the soil, the corresponding numbers of cyclic vibration cycles were found to be independent of α at low stress levels and were only related to η. Finally, a new method for evaluating the failure of remolded soft clay was presented. It considers the influence of the tensile and compressive stresses which caused by complex stress paths of the principal stress rotation. This criterion can distinguish stable, critical, and destructive states based on the pore-water-pressure-strain coupling curve while also providing a range of failure strain and vibration cycles. These results provide the theoretical support for systematic studies of principal stress rotation using constitutive models.

Assessment of cyclic deformation and critical stress amplitude of jointed rocks via cyclic triaxial testing

Jointed rock specimens with a natural replicated joint surface oriented at a mean dip angle of 60were prepared,and a series of cyclic triaxial tests was performed at different confining pressures and cyclic deviatoric stress amplitudes.The samples were subjected to 10,000 loading-unloading cycles with a frequency of 8 Hz.At each level of confining pressure,the applied cyclic deviatoric stress amplitude was increased incrementally until excessive deformation of the jointed rock specimen was observed.Analysis of the test results indicated that there existed a critical cyclic deviatoric stress amplitude(i.e.critical dynamic deviatoric stress)beyond which the jointed rock specimens yielded.The measured critical dynamic deviatoric stress was less than the corresponding static deviatoric stress.At cyclic deviatoric stress amplitudes less than the critical dynamic deviatoric stress,minor cumulative residual axial strains were observed,resulting in hysteretic damping.However,for cyclic deviatoric stresses beyond the critical dynamic deviatoric stress,the plastic strains increased promptly,and the resilient moduli degraded rapidly during the initial loading cycles.Cyclic triaxial test results showed that at higher confining pressures,the ultimate residual axial strain attained by the jointed rock specimen decreased,the steadystate dissipated energy density and steady-state damping ratio per load cycle decreased,while steadystate resilient moduli increased.

液压缸活塞杆小端疲劳断裂研究与优化

对某重型工程机械液压缸活塞杆小端断裂进行失效分析,提出了在不改变现场加工工艺条件的情况下,液压缸大小腔推、拉力产生的交变应力的应力幅区域与活塞杆小端变截面最大应力值处的减载槽区域重叠,是导致重型设备活塞杆小端断裂失效的主要原因。从这两个维度出发,提出了分散活塞杆小端变截面最大应力值处的减载槽区域和液压缸大小腔推、拉应力的应力幅区域解决方案,并通过液压缸加速寿命实验台做2F台架试验来验证改进措施的有效性,最终解决了重载型液压缸活塞杆小端疲劳断裂的问题。

A fatigue damage model for rock salt considering the effects of loading frequency and amplitude

With the large-scale construction of underground gas storage in salt deposit, much more efforts have been made to assess the fatigue properties of rock salt. The fatigue damage processes the primary, steady,and accelerated phases, which is similar to the axial irrecoverable deformation compiled from the loci of the loading cycles of rock salt. The cumulative fatigue damage increases with a decrease in the loading frequency and with an increase in the stress amplitude within the range tested. To take into account the effects of loading frequency and amplitude on the fatigue behavior of rock salt subjected to cyclic loading, a low cycle fatigue damage model was exclusively established combined with the Manson–Coffin formula. The proposed damage evolution equation was validated with experimental results and proved to be efficient in the prediction of fatigue damage tendency of rock salt under different loading frequencies and amplitudes.

Methodology to Evaluate Fatigue Damage of High-Speed Train Welded Bogie Frames Based on On-Track Dynamic Stress Test Data

The current method of estimating the fatigue life of railway structures is to calculating the equivalent stress amplitude based on the measured stress data. However, the random of the measured data is not considered. In this paper, a new method was established to compute the equivalent stress amplitude to evaluate the fatigue damage based on the measurable randomness, since the equivalent stress is the key parameter for assessment of structure fatigue life and load derivation. The equivalent stress amplitude of a high-speed train welded bogie frame was found to obey normal distribution under uniform operation route that verified by on-track dynamic stress data, and the proposed model is, in effect, an improved version of the mathematical model used to calculate the equivalent stress amplitude. The data of a long-term, on-track dynamic stress test program was analyzed to find that the normal distribution parameters of equivalent stress amplitude values differ across different operation route. Thus, the fatigue damage of the high-speed train welded bogie frame can be evaluated by the proposed method if the running schedule of the train is known a priori. The results also showed that the equivalent stress amplitude of the region connected to the power system is more random than in other regions of the bogie frame.

Theoretical Analysis of A Buoyant Jet Interacting with Small Amplitude Waves

A new theoretical solution is presented here for the dynamic characteristics of a buoyant jet due to opposing small amplitude waves. The conservation equations of mass, tangential moment^n and vertical momentum are solved by the integral method which encompasses the Gaussian profiles of velocity and density. The action of waves is incorporated into the equations of motion as an external force and a new exact solution is obtained to predict the trajectory, velocity distribution and boundary thickness of the buoyant jet over an arbitrary lateral cross section. It is found that the velocity along the centerline is inversely proportional to the ratio of the momentum of the wave to the buoyant jet. The averaged bound- ary width varies with the fluctuation of the boundary width, the distance from the orifice and the velocity correction function. Owing to the motion of waves, the fluctuation of the boundary width is proportional to the wave steepness.

Dynamic Stress Analysis of the Leg Joints of Self-Elevating Platform

Since a self-elevating platform often works in water for a long time, the lattice leg is largely influenced by wave and current. The amplitude of leg joint stresses is a very important factor for the fatigue life of the platform. However, there are not many researches having been done on the mechanism and dynamic stress analysis of these leg joints. This paper focuses on the dynamic stress analysis and suppression methods of the leg joints of self-elevating platforms. Firstly, the dynamic stresses of the lattice leg joints are analyzed for a self-elevating platform by use of the 5th-order Stokes wave theory. Secondly, the axial and bending stresses are studied due to their large contributions to total stresses. And then, different joint types are considered and the leg-hull interface stiffness is analyzed for the improvement of the joint dynamic stress amplitude. Finally, some useful conclusions are drawn for the optimization design of the self-elevating platform.

EFFECT OF BIAS STRESS ON NON-LINEAR INTERNAL FRICTION OF Al-Mg ALLOY

The influence of longitudinal and torsional bias stresses on anomalous amplitude-dependent internal friction was studied.The longitudinal bias stress may always weaken the anomalous amplitude-dependent effect,while the torsional one may induce different effects from differ- ent directions applied.Bias stress effect exhibits only in properly heat treated and cold worked ahoy specimens.The anomalous amplitude-dependent internal friction peaks,P_3,P_2 and P_1, are found to be related closely to slant dislocation kink chains.Thus,the application of bias stress to internal friction would be contributed to the study on dislocation structure.

Non-destructive Evaluation of Absolute Stress in Steel Members Using Shear-Wave Spectroscopy

Non-destructive measurement of absolute stress in steel members can provide useful information to optimize the design of steel structures and allow the safety of existing structures to be evaluated.This paper investigates the non-destructive capability of ultrasonic shear-wave spectroscopy in absolute stress evaluation of steel members.The effect of steel-member stress on the shear-wave amplitude spectrum is investigated,and a method of absolute stress measurement is proposed.Specifically,the process for evaluating absolute stress using shear-wave spectroscopy is summarized.Two steel members are employed to investigate the relationship between the stress and the frequency in shear-wave echo amplitude spectrum.The H-beam loaded by the universal testing machine is evaluated by the proposed method and the traditional strain gauge method for verification.The results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate for determining absolute stress in steel members.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on monophasic action potential amplitude in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and its correlation with myocardial injury

Objective: To study the effect of dexmedetomidine on monophasic action potential amplitude (MAPA) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and its correlation with myocardial injury. Methods: SD rats were selected as the experimental animals and randomly divided into control group, ischemia reperfusion group (I/R group) and dexmedetomidine group (Dex group);I/R group and Dex group were made into myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury models, and Dex group were given exmedetomidine intervention;the MAPA of myocardial tunica intima layer, tunica media layer and tunica externa layer were measured in Langendorff perfusion system;myocardial tissue was collected to determine the contents of oxidative stress molecules and the expression of apoptosis genes. Results: The MAPA levels of myocardial tunica intima layer, tunica media layer and tunica externa layer as well as Klotho and SOD contents in myocardial tissue of I/R group were significantly lower than those of control group whereas CaMKII, NOX2, NOX4 and MDA contents as well as CaSR, USP14, JNK, Bax, Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue were significantly higher than those of control group;the MAPA levels of myocardial tunica intima layer, tunica media layer and tunica externa layer as well as Klotho and SOD contents in myocardial tissue of Dex group were significantly higher than those of I/R group whereas CaMKII, NOX2, NOX4 and MDA contents as well as CaSR, USP14, JNK, Bax, Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue were significantly lower than those of I/R group;Pearson test showed that the MAPA levels of myocardial tunica intima layer, tunica media layer and tunica externa layer were negatively correlated with CaMKII, NOX2, NOX4 and MDA contents as well as CaSR, USP14, JNK, Bax, Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA expression in myocardial tissue, and positively correlated with Klotho and SOD contents. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can increase the MAPA in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion process, and is closely related to the inhibition of oxidative stress response and apoptosis.

Research on Stress Drops and the Focal Mechanisms of the Xinyuan- Hejing ML6.8 Earthquake Sequences

Based on the digital waveform data recorded by Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network for the Xinyuan-Hejing M_L6.8 earthquake sequences of June 30,2012,this paper analyzes the stress drops of earthquake sequences and the correlation coefficients of focal mechanisms significant for strong aftershocks.Firstly,the source parameters of the Xinyuan-Hejing M_L6.8 earthquake sequences are obtained by applying the spectrum analysis and the Brunes source model.Then,the correlation coefficients of spectral amplitudes are calculated using the low-frequency spectral amplitude recorded by the same station for the different events.Finally,based on the results of the correlation coefficients of spectral amplitudes,the events with similar focal mechanisms are grouped using the clustering method.The results show that:(1)The stress drop values show a steady trend in the aftershock sequence calm period and the stress drop values show a rise-fall in strong aftershocks.(2)The moving average correlation coefficient of amplitude spectrum begins to spread after the main shock.It shows that the correlation decreases between the main shock and the aftershocks in mechanisms.(3)The results of focal mechanism groups show that the earthquake sequences are mainly strike slips.The stress distribution of the main pressure axis is nearly NS,which is the same as the structural stress field.(4)The magnitude and mechanism show that there is an agreement before the strong aftershock,which shows that the regional stress field is enhanced.

基于车桥耦合的钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥局部疲劳分析

钢-混凝土组合梁桥在满足使用性能的同时也会发生疲劳损伤,在桥梁设计和使用阶段应保证桥梁不发生疲劳破坏。为研究不同因素对桥梁疲劳损伤的影响,选取一座双工字钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥,采用车桥耦合分析程序对不同的车速、车重、桥面不平整度、桥面板厚度和主梁腹板高度下主梁的疲劳损伤进行分析。首先计算不同影响因素下桥梁的动应力,分析应力幅和等效应力幅个数的变化规律;然后分析应力幅冲击系数随各影响因素的变化规律;最后分析不同影响因素下主梁疲劳细节位置的疲劳损伤。研究结果表明:车重、桥面不平整度和主梁腹板高度对应力幅的影响较大,桥面不平整度对等效应力幅个数和应力幅冲击系数的影响较大;桥面不平整度通过改变应力幅冲击系数以影响应力幅,当桥面不平整度为C级及以下时,应力幅冲击系数偏离规范值;车重、桥面不平整度、主梁腹板高度对主梁疲劳损伤的影响较大,在超载和刚度储备不足的情况下主梁会发生疲劳破坏,应通过限载、及时维修桥面和提高主梁刚度的方法减小主梁的疲劳损伤。

磐安地震序列的震源参数和谱振幅相关系数研究

基于浙江测震台网记录到的2017年2—9月磐安地区发生的地震序列资料,采用Brune震源模型理论和波谱分析方法,得到磐安震群序列的应力降、视应力等震源参数。利用台站的零频幅值,计算谱振幅相关系数。采用聚类分组,并结合Cut and Paste(CAP)反演方法得到ML4.0主地震事件的震源机制解,系统分析小地震的震源机制的一致性程度。结果显示:震源区应力降值在0.00~0.80 MPa之间,整体构造应力较低;谱振幅相关系数较低,在0.86~0.95之间,震源机制整体相似程度不高;应力积累没有形成一个优势方向,可能指示磐安序列为低摩擦应力的断层作用。研究结果表明:磐安地震序列为普通的小震序列,其震源机制类型与构造应力场基本一致;谱振幅相关分析法可为小震序列的震后快速判定提供重要依据。

冻融雁行裂隙花岗岩单轴压缩宏细观疲劳特性试验研究

对于季冻区的岩体工程,岩石经常受到冻融和周期荷载扰动引起的耦合疲劳损伤。为了研究冻融裂隙花岗岩的疲劳开裂扩展情况,量化裂纹的损伤程度和分类类型,对冻融40次后的双裂隙花岗岩进行了3种应力振幅下的周期荷载试验。采用实时声发射和高速摄影监测技术来揭示裂纹演化,并进一步对不同的裂纹开裂类型进行分类,以帮助理解动态压裂规律,利用核磁共振测试分析裂隙花岗岩细观孔隙特征及其宏观力学特性的关系。结果表明:随着周期荷载振幅应力比的增加,双裂隙花岗岩在周期荷载“沉寂期”内的声发射计数增加;周期荷载阶段双裂隙花岗岩产生的剪切裂纹占比大于单调加载阶段,高振幅作用下岩石容易形成剪切破坏裂纹;双裂隙花岗岩声发射的最大幅值变小即大尺度破裂减少,周期荷载下岩样预制裂隙外尖端产生的向端面扩展裂纹的角度越大;双裂隙花岗岩的疲劳寿命减小,内部微裂隙扩展发育减缓,能够储存的含H流体也越少,最终表现为核磁共振T2谱面积变化率减小。

塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层溶洞断裂定量分级技术

有利缝洞带的准确预测可有效提高碳酸盐岩储层钻井的放空漏失率,达到油藏动用目的,对于断溶体内部缝洞储集体溶洞及断裂进行分级尤为重要,探索应用断裂发育模式、断裂规模分级及基于构造曲率的应力分析进行断溶体内部断裂的分类、分级研究;提出基于正演模型论证及实钻分析,应用振幅、波阻抗综合分级,并进行实钻井标定验证,形成溶洞分级标准。以塔河某研究区为例进行了应用,将该区断裂带按照规模和应力性质分为8个级别,实钻井表明拉张区储集性能明显优于挤压区。并在该研究区确定了孔洞-溶洞分级的地震属性门槛值,“串珠”位置能量比值范围在54%~62%为孔洞,能量比大于62%为溶洞。最后利用实钻井分析验证了该技术的可靠性。

MoS_(2)涂层螺栓连接的摩擦界面失效机制研究

在螺栓表面进行MoS_(2)涂层涂覆处理可提高其减摩性能进而减缓磨损,但也导致螺栓连接时螺纹表面磨损机制更为复杂。通过仿真与实验研究探究MoS_(2)涂层螺栓连接的摩擦界面失效机制,通过ABAQUS仿真软件将MoS_(2)涂层引入螺栓连接结构有限元模型中,得到在不同预紧力和界面摩擦因数下涂层螺栓螺纹处的应力分布及相对滑移幅值,并通过实验验证模型的准确性。结果表明:增大预紧力有助于MoS_(2)涂层螺栓连接防松,但预紧力过大会使螺栓连接界面的应力应变增大进而产生塑性变形,导致螺栓连接的防松效果降低;增大界面摩擦因数将使得螺栓连接界面的应力应变增大,导致其磨损程度也相应增加,并且第一圈工作螺纹磨损程度最严重;螺栓表面有无涂覆MoS_(2)涂层的应力分布规律和相对滑移幅值变化趋势基本相同,且在螺纹牙底均出现应力集中现象;但涂覆MoS_(2)涂层后的应力值相对较小,且螺纹表面的磨损程度降低,其摩擦界面失效机制主要为疲劳磨损。

环境因素对Fe-17Mn合金阻尼性能的影响

本工作采用真空中频感应熔炼的方法制备了名义成分为Fe-17Mn(质量分数,%)的合金。首先,将合金在1150℃保温15 h进行均匀化处理,然后在1100℃对其进行热锻加工,最后在1000℃进行2 h的退火处理,研究了在不同应变振幅、外加载荷、环境温度以及不同振动频率下合金阻尼性能的变化规律。结果表明:退火后的Fe-17Mn阻尼合金主要由ε-马氏体和γ-奥氏体组成,马氏体呈现典型的板条状结构。在单个晶粒内马氏体板条之间相互平行排列,在不同晶粒内的马氏体板条取向不同。合金的阻尼性能随应变振幅的增大总体上呈现逐渐增加的趋势,尤其是在较低振幅范围内表现得尤为显著。在一定程度上增大外加载荷和升高环境温度对合金阻尼性能都是有益的。在相对较低的振动频率(1~20 Hz)下,Fe-17Mn合金的阻尼性能在整个应变振幅范围内随振动频率的增加没有发生明显变化。然而,当振动频率增加至100 Hz时,合金的阻尼性能在一定应变振幅范围内(0.00013~0.00046)得到明显增强。

Experimental investigation on shear strength deterioration at the interface between different rock types under cyclic loading

The shear strength deterioration of bedding planes between different rock types induced by cyclic loading is vital to reasonably evaluate the stability of soft and hard interbedded bedding rock slopes under earthquake;however,rare work has been devoted to this subject due to lack of attention.In this study,experimental investigations on shear strength weakening of discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM)under cyclic loading were conducted by taking the interface between siltstone and mudstone in the Shaba slope of Yunnan Province,China as research objects.A total of 99 pairs of similar material samples of DDJM(81 pairs)and discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM)(18 pairs)were fabricated by inserting plates,engraved with typical surface morphology obtained by performing three-dimensional laser scanning on natural DDJMs sampled from field,into mold boxes.Cyclic shear tests were conducted on these samples to study their shear strength changes with the cyclic number considering the effects of normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate.The results indicate that the shear stress vs.shear displacement curves under each shear cycle and the peak shear strength vs.cyclic number curves of the studied DDJMs are between those of DIJMs with siltstone and mudstone,while closer to those of DIJMs with mudstone.The peak shear strengths of DDJMs exhibit an initial rapid decline followed by a gradual decrease with the cyclic number and the decrease rate varies from 6%to 55.9%for samples with varied surface morphology under different testing conditions.The normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate collectively influence the shear strength deterioration of DDJM under cyclic shear loading,with the degree of influence being greater for larger normal stress,rougher surface morphology,larger shear displacement amplitude and faster shear rate.

弹性模量对异种材料螺栓连接性能的影响

利用理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法,分析被连接件弹性模量对螺栓连接结构力学性能和动态响应的影响;使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析螺纹表面损伤,并讨论被连接件弹性模量对螺栓连接结构疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:随着被连接件材料弹性模量增大,连接结构松弛系数Z增大,螺栓内力系数Φ和应力幅σα减小;螺栓螺纹承载面上存在剥落坑、犁沟以及塑性流动痕迹,且被连接件弹性模量越大,螺纹表面损伤程度越低,螺栓剩余轴向力越高,服役寿命提高。

高速铁路简支箱梁钢筋网片十字焊接疲劳性能

运用智能化技术将高铁简支箱梁钢筋网片骨架制作工艺从人工绑扎提升为十字焊接。本文以M1—M5共五组试件及钢筋母材为试验对象,研究焊接损伤对高铁简支箱梁钢筋网片骨架中十字焊接钢筋疲劳性能的影响,分析应力幅、应力比两个关键因素对十字焊接钢筋疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:十字焊接钢筋的疲劳破坏多发生在焊点附近,是一种典型的脆性破坏。随着应力幅降低,试件的疲劳寿命明显增大。在低应力幅下,疲劳寿命敏感性较高。随着应力比的增大,疲劳寿命减小,疲劳应力幅值减小,疲劳寿命和疲劳应力幅度对应力比敏感性逐渐增大。根据试验结果拟合了各个工况下及综合各工况整体疲劳S-N(应力幅-寿命)曲线。母材钢筋200万次疲劳应力幅约为236.49 MPa,按照存活率97.7%,修正后为230.16 MPa。M1—M5各组试件疲劳应力幅为91.87~194.03 MPa,修正后疲劳应力幅为81.19~186.10 MPa,平均值为130.36 MPa。总体上,钢筋200万次疲劳应力幅约为128.72 MPa,比母材疲劳应力幅下降了45.75%。