Objective: To screen and identify key genes differentially displayed in mouse fore stomach carcinoma, in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. Methods: The animal models complied wit...Objective: To screen and identify key genes differentially displayed in mouse fore stomach carcinoma, in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. Methods: The animal models complied with each period of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma induced by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester (NSEE) were used in this study. The mice were euthanized on days 14, 28, 56, 77 and 84, respectively, after NSEE-piped treatment, and classified according to their pathologies. The differentially expressed genes were isolated from both normal and morbid tissues by mRNA differential display technique and screened by using Reverse Northern blot. Bioinformatics were employed to analyze the results observed. After identification, ten fragments were cloned and matched with GENEBANK database through homologous analysis. Results: One gene was found identical to splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (Sf3bl), while seven fragments hold the homology of known cDNA clones. In contrast, other two fragments had extremely low identity to any genes registered in GENBANK databases. Conclusion: It is the first time to demonstrate in this study that splicing factor3b, subunitl (Sf3bl) is related to mouse fore stomach carcinoma. Furthermore, ESC-3 and ESC-4 are suggested to contribute to the development of mouse fore stomach carcinoma, thus may be candidates of new targets of oncogenes.展开更多
Objective: To find out the relationship of the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA), alkaline phosphotase (alkaline phosphotase, AKP) and acid phosphotase ...Objective: To find out the relationship of the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA), alkaline phosphotase (alkaline phosphotase, AKP) and acid phosphotase (acid phosphotase, ACP) with the development of mouse fore stomach cancerization. Methods: The animal models, including the various stages during the development of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma, were made by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester (N-Nitrososarcosineethylester, NSEE). The mice were sacrificed on the 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th days respectively after mice were irrigated with NSEE. The fore stomach was taken out and dissected. The methods of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and isoenzyme electrophoresis were adopted to study the dynamic changes of cell shape and expression of PCNA, AKP and ACP. Results: On the 42nd and 56th days after NSEE treatment, the expression of PCNA increased gradually along with the cancerization. Comparing with the control, there were significant differences (P〈0.05). On the 70th and 84th days, the expression of PCNA increased further (compared with the control P〈0.01). The activity of AKP increased gradually along with the cancerization. On the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, there were significant differences (P〈0.05); on the 70th and 84th days, the activity of AKP increased further (P〈0.01). The activity of ACP also increased on the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, and there were significant differences on the 70th days (P〈0.05) and on the 84th days (P〈0.01) compared with the control. Conclusion: During the carcinogenesis of NIH mouse fore stomach, the expressions of PCNA, AKP and ACP increased gradually and were consisted with the changes of cell shapes.展开更多
Objective: To observation the therapeutic effect and the adverse reaction of preoperative induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) on the III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma. Methods: 49 cases of the III ...Objective: To observation the therapeutic effect and the adverse reaction of preoperative induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) on the III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma. Methods: 49 cases of the III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma were divided into two groups at random. The observation group included 19 cases and the control group included 30 cases. Every case used one cycle chemotherapy. The observation group (IHC group) used chemotherapy and AT II. The control group (simple chemotherapy group) used simple chemotherapy. All cases of the two groups operated after 3 weeks rest. The specimen’s DNA was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The effective power of observation group was 63.2% (12/19), exairesis ratio was 84.2% (16/19). The effective power of control group was 30% (9/30), exairesis ratio was 63.3% (19/30). DNA ploid determination: 13 cases were diploid and 5 cases were heteroploid in the observation group, 9 cases were diploid and 16 cases were heteroploid in the control group. The operative complications and risks of the two groups did not increase. Conclusion: IHC can increase the therapeutic effect of III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma obviously. IHC is one of the chemotherapy methods that have good future. It has good value of clinic enlarge trial.展开更多
Gastric cancer is common in China [1-42],and its early diagnosis and treatment in advanced stage are difficult [31-50].In recent years ,gene study in cancer is a hotspot ,and great progress has been achieved [41-80] ....Gastric cancer is common in China [1-42],and its early diagnosis and treatment in advanced stage are difficult [31-50].In recent years ,gene study in cancer is a hotspot ,and great progress has been achieved [41-80] .Cancer gene therapy has shifted from the imagination into the laboratory and clinical trials.展开更多
A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC) of the stomach is very rare.A 76-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because of epigastralgia and nausea.Endoscopy revealed 2 large tumors in the stomach.He ...A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC) of the stomach is very rare.A 76-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because of epigastralgia and nausea.Endoscopy revealed 2 large tumors in the stomach.He did not have multiple endocrine neoplasia typeⅠor Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.Imaging modalities,including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,revealed no other tumors.Gastrectomy,cholecystectomy,and lymph node dissection were performed.The resected stomach had 2 tumors:one was an antral ulcerated type 3 tumor measuring 5 cm x 5 cm,and the other was a polypoid type 1 tumor measuring 6 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm in the fundus.Microscopically,the antral ulcerated tumor was a well differentiated adenocarcinoma with deep invasion.The fundus polypoid tumor was a LCNEC,being composed of malignant large cells arranged in trabecular and nested patterns.The tumor cells were large and the nuclei were vesicular.Nucleoli were frequently present,and there were many mitotic figures,apoptotic bodies,and necrotic areas.Much lymphovascular permeation was seen.Seven out of 29 dissected lymph nodes showed metastatic foci;6 were from the LCNEC and 1 from theadenocarcinoma.Many intravascular tumor emboli of LCNEC were seen in the peritoneum around the lymph nodes.Mucins were present in the adenocarcinoma but not in the LCNEC.Immunohistochemically,the LCNEC tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratins,synaptophysin(50%positive) ,chromogranin A(10% positive) ,Ki-67(90%labeled) ,and platelet-derived growth factor-α(80%positive) .They were negative for KIT,p53,CD56,and neuron-specific enolase.The non-cancerous stomach showed a normal number of endocrine cells.The patient is now treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.展开更多
Myoepithelioma/myoepithelial carcinomas are not commonly found in soft tissues and are especially rare at visceral sites.This report describes a case of a rare low-grade myoepithelial carcinoma of the stomach.A61-year...Myoepithelioma/myoepithelial carcinomas are not commonly found in soft tissues and are especially rare at visceral sites.This report describes a case of a rare low-grade myoepithelial carcinoma of the stomach.A61-year-old female patient presented with postprandial abdominal discomfort.Endoscopy revealed a 1.1 cm submucosal lesion.Local excision was performed after malignancy was confirmed by biopsy.The resection margin is free of tumor and she received no adjuvant therapy.The tumor was characterized by multinodular growth with biphasic epithelioid and spindle components.Infiltrative margin and nuclear pleomorphism are seen.Tumor cells were positive for both epithelial and myoepithelial markers.Evidence of epithelial differentiation was confirmed by electron microscopy.No EWSR1 rearrangement was detected.The final diagnosis was low-grade myoepithelial gastric carcinoma.The patient is currently well, and no evidence of recurrence or metastasis was found after ten-month of follow-up.Myoepithelial carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a biphasic gastric tumor.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the dynamic computed tomography(CT) findings of liver metastasis from hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach(HAS) and compared them with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Between January 2000 and...AIM: To evaluate the dynamic computed tomography(CT) findings of liver metastasis from hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach(HAS) and compared them with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2015, 8 patients with pathologically proven HAS and liver metastases were enrolled. Basic tumor status was evaluated for the primary tumor location and metastatic sites. The CT findings of the liver metastases were analyzed for tumor number and size, presence of tumor necrosis, hemorrhage, venous tumor thrombosis, and dynamic enhancing pattern.RESULTS: The body and antrum were the most common site for primary HAS(n = 7), and observed metastatic sites included the liver(n = 8), lymph nodes(n = 7), peritoneum(n = 4), and lung(n = 2). Most of the liver metastases exhibited tumor necrosis regardless of tumor size. By contrast, tumor hemorrhage was observed only in liver lesions larger than 5 cm(n = 4). Three patterns of venous tumor thrombosis were identified: direct venous invasion by the primary HAS(n = 1), direct venous invasion by the liver metastases(n = 7), and isolated portal vein tumor thrombosis(n = 2). Dynamic CT revealed arterial hyperattenuation and late phase washout in all the liver metastases.CONCLUSION: On dynamic CT, liver metastasis from HAS shared many imaging similarities with HCC. For liver nodules, the presence of isolated portal vein tumor thrombosis and a tendency for tumor necrosis are imaging clues that suggest the diagnosis of HAS.展开更多
Multivisceral surgical resection for cure was successfully performed in a 70-year-old man suffering from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated with direct invasion to the stomach and pancreas.The patient p...Multivisceral surgical resection for cure was successfully performed in a 70-year-old man suffering from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated with direct invasion to the stomach and pancreas.The patient presented with gastric outlet obstruction,upper abdominal pain and a history of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Upper gastro-intestinal(GI)endoscopy revealed an infiltrating tumor protruding through the gastric wall and obliterating the lumen.Computer tomograghy(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan demonstrated a 15-cm tumor in the left lateral segment of the liver with invasion to the stomach and pancreas.Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP)levels and liver function tests were normal.The patient underwent an en bloc left hepatectomy,total gastrectomy,distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and radical lymphadenectomy.Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated,giant cell HCC involving the stom-ach and pancreas.Disease-free margins of resection were achieved.The patient's postoperative course was uneventful.Sixteen months after surgery,he has norecurrence or distal metastasis.Direct invasion of HCC into the GI tract is rarely encountered.Complete surgical resection should be considered in selected patients with an appropriate hepatic functional reserve.展开更多
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional(3D) laparoscopic technique has gradually been applied to the treatment of carcinoma in the remnant stomach(CRS), but its clinical efficacy remains controversial.AIM To compare the short-te...BACKGROUND Three-dimensional(3D) laparoscopic technique has gradually been applied to the treatment of carcinoma in the remnant stomach(CRS), but its clinical efficacy remains controversial.AIM To compare the short-term and long-term results of 3D laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy(3DLAG) with open gastrectomy(OG) for CRS.METHODS The clinical data of patients diagnosed with CRS and admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected. A total of 84 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All their clinical data were collected and a database was established. All patients were treated with 3DLAG or OG by experienced surgeons and were divided into two groups based on the different surgical methods mentioned above. By using outpatient and telephone follow-up,we were able to determine postoperative survival and tumor status. The postoperative short-term efficacy and 1-year and 3-year overall survival(OS) rates were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Among 84 patients with CRS, 48 were treated with OG and 36 with 3DLAG. All patients successfully completed surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, ASA score,initial disease state(benign or malignant), primary surgical anastomosis method,interval time of carcinogenesis, and tumorigenesis site. Patients in the 3DLAG group experienced less intraoperative blood loss(188.33 ± 191.35 mL vs 305.83 ± 303.66 mL;P =0.045) and smaller incision(10.86 ± 3.18 cm vs 20.06 ± 5.17 cm;P < 0.001) than those in the OG group. 3DLAGC was a more minimally invasive method. 3DLAGC retrieved significantly more lymph nodes than OG(14.0 ± 7.17 vs 10.73 ± 6.82;P = 0.036), whereas the number of positive lymph nodes did not differ between the two groups(1.56 ± 2.84 vs 2.35 ± 5.28;P = 0.413). The complication rate(8.3% vs 20.8%;P = 0.207) and intensive care unit admission rate(5.6% vs 14.5%;P = 0.372) were equivalent between the two groups. In terms of postoperative recovery, the 3DLAGC group had a lower visual analog score, shorter indwelling time of gastric and drainage tubes, shorter time of early off-bed motivation, shorter time of postoperative initial flatus and initial soft diet intake, shorter postoperative hospital stay and total hospital stay, and there were significant differences, showing better short-term efficacy. The 1-year and 3-year OS rates of OG group were 83.2% [95% confidence interval(CI): 72.4%-95.6%] and 73.3%(95%CI: 60.0%-89.5%)respectively. The 1-year and 3-year OS rates of the 3DLAG group were 87.3%(95%CI: 76.4%-99.8%) and 75.6%(95%CI: 59.0%-97.0%), respectively. However, the 1-year and 3-year OS rates were similar between the two groups, which suggested that long-term survival results were comparable between the two groups(P = 0.68).CONCLUSION Compared with OG, 3DLAG for CRS achieved better short-term efficacy and equivalent oncological results without increasing clinical complications. 3DLAG for CRS can be promoted safely and effectively in selected patients.展开更多
Fourty-three cases of globoid dysplasia and signet ring cell carcinoma were stained by mucin and CEA (ABC method). It was found that there were three kinds of mucins (neutral, sialo and sulphomucin in both globoid dys...Fourty-three cases of globoid dysplasia and signet ring cell carcinoma were stained by mucin and CEA (ABC method). It was found that there were three kinds of mucins (neutral, sialo and sulphomucin in both globoid dysplastic cells and signet ring cells. The percentages of the three kinds of mucins seen in the two kinds of cells were not much different. It was indicated that the altered mucins in the gastric epithelial cells must be a sign of dedifferentiation of the cells and the results of malfunction. The globoid dysplasia type I mainly contained neutral mucin, whereas type II, the acid mucin was predominant, especially the sulphomucin. The CEA positive reaction became stronger as the atypia being remarkable, and the characteristics of distribution of CEA positive particles were similar in the two kinds of cells namely, randomly or disorderly in the cells. Based on the analysis of the results, a conclusion can be made that the variety of mucins in globoid dysplastic cells can be used as a reference point in classification and is not much significant in grading, but the amount of CEA positive matter can be a reference point in grading. The globoid dysplasia is such a lesion with special features in morphology and function manifested in the process of de-differentiation towards signet ring cell carcinoma following the successive action of carcinogens upon the cells of gastric epithelium.展开更多
AIM: To investigate features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) among a Mexican population.METHODS: Cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma were retrieved from the files of the Departmen...AIM: To investigate features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) among a Mexican population.METHODS: Cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma were retrieved from the files of the Departments of anatomic site of the gastric neoplasia was identified, and carcinomas were histologically classified as intestinal and diffuse types and subclassified as proposed by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. EBV-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNA-1 (EBER-1)in situ hybridization was conducted to determine the presence of EBV in neoplastic cells.RESULTS: We studied 330 consecutive, non-selected,primary gastric carcinomas. Among these, there were173 male and 157 female patients (male/female ratio1.1/1). EBER-1 was detected in 24 (7.3%) cases (male/female ratio: 1.2/1). The mean age for the entire group was 58.1 years (range: 20-88 years), whereas the mean age for patients harboring EBER-1-positive gastric carcinomas was 65.3 years (range: 50-84 years). Age and histological type showed statistically significant differences, when EBER-1-positive and -negative gastric carcinomas were compared. EBER-1 was detected in hyperplastic- and dysplastic-gastric mucosa surrounding two EBER-1-negative carcinomas, respectively.CONCLUSION: Among Latin-American countries, Mexico has the lowest frequency of EBVaGC. Indeed, the Mexican population >50 years of age was selectively affected. Ethnic variations are responsible for the epidemiologic behavior of EBVaGC among the worldwide population.展开更多
Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma is a rare type of gastric cancer characterized by a carcinoma with intense stromal lymphocytic infiltration. Although lymphocytic infiltration is closely associated with Epstei...Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma is a rare type of gastric cancer characterized by a carcinoma with intense stromal lymphocytic infiltration. Although lymphocytic infiltration is closely associated with EpsteinBarr virus(EBV) infection, concomitant occurrence with differentiated adenocarcinoma is relatively rare. The clinical manifestations of lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma(including EBV-positive and-negative forms) are similar to those of gastric cancer, and the diagnosis is based on pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. This report describes the case of a 55-year-old female patient who presented with a 10-year history of recurrent and worsening abdominal pain and melena that had been occurring for 2 mo. An ulcerative lesion was detected in the stomach by endoscopic examination, which raised suspicion of early gastric cancer. A subsequent preoperative endoscopic biopsy showed adenocarcinoma, but the postoperative pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses of the resected specimen revealed a final diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma.展开更多
AIM: To define the (co-)expression pattern of target receptor-tyrosine-kinases (RTK) in human gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The (co-)expression pattern of VEGFR1-3,PDGFRα/b and EGFR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 51 h...AIM: To define the (co-)expression pattern of target receptor-tyrosine-kinases (RTK) in human gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The (co-)expression pattern of VEGFR1-3,PDGFRα/b and EGFR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 51 human gastric adenocarcinomas. In addition,IHC staining was applied for confirmation of expression and analysis of RTK localisation. RESULTS: The majority of samples revealed a VEGFR1 (98%),VEGFR2 (80%),VEGFR3 (67%),PDGFRα (82%) and PDGFRβ(82%) expression,whereas only 62% exhibited an EGFR1 expression. 78% of cancers expressed at least four out of six RTKs. While VEGFR1-3 and PDGFRα revealed a predominantly cytoplasmatic staining in tumor cells,accompanied by an additional nuclear staining for VEGFR3 ,EGFR1 was almost exclusively detected on the membrane of tumor cells. PDGFRβ was restricted to stromal pericytes,which also depicted a PDGFRα expression.receptor-tyrosine-kinases coexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma and might therefore encourage an application of multiple-target RTK-inhibitors within a combination therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated carcinoma is a gastric cancer subtype with a morphology characterized by gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma(GCLS).Clinicopathological studies have indicated a better p...BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated carcinoma is a gastric cancer subtype with a morphology characterized by gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma(GCLS).Clinicopathological studies have indicated a better prognosis for GCLS than for common gastric carcinomas.Some previous cases of early gastric cancer associated with EBV had been diagnosed by endoscopic resection.CASE SUMMARY We present two GCLS cases subjected to endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for a definitive diagnosis.A protruded gastric lesion was identified by routine endoscopic examination,but forceps biopsy showed no atypical cells before ESD.The resected specimen showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphoid cells involving the mucosa and submucosa.The final diagnosis was submucosa-invasive poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma.Accordingly,additional gastrectomy was recommended to obtain a complete cure.One patient underwent additional distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection,but the other was refused because of cardiovascular complications.Both patients remained in remission for more than half a year.EBV positivity was determined by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization.We also conducted a literature review of cases of early gastric cancer associated with EBV that had been diagnosed by ESD.CONCLUSION Submucosa-invasive GCLS could be dissected using ESD,and EBV positivity should be subsequently assessed to determine whether or not any additional curative surgery is required.Further prospective investigations on the prevalence of lymph node metastasis in EBV-associated carcinoma should be performed to expand the indications for endoscopic resection.展开更多
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancyworldwide. While bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract(BGIT) has a well known association with HCC, suchcases are mainly due to gastric and esophageal varices.BG...Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancyworldwide. While bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract(BGIT) has a well known association with HCC, suchcases are mainly due to gastric and esophageal varices.BGIT as a result of invasion of the gastrointestinal tractby HCC is extremely rare and is reportedly associatedwith very poor prognosis. We describe a 67-year-oldmale who presented with BGIT. Endoscopy showed thesite of bleeding to be from a gastric ulcer, but endoscopictherapy failed to control the bleeding and emergencysurgery was required. At surgery, the ulcer was found tohave arisen from direct invasion of the gastrointestinaltract by HCC of the left lobe. Control of the bleedingwas achieved by surgical resection of the HCC en-bloc with the lesser curve of the stomach. The patientremains alive 33 mo after surgery. Direct invasion of thegastrointestinal tract by HCC giving rise to BGIT is veryuncommon. Surgical resection may offer significantlybetter survival over non-surgical therapy, especially if thepatient is a good surgical candidate and has adequatefunctional liver reserves. Prognosis is not uniformly grave.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the expression profiles of a human gastric-cancer-related gene, GCRG123, in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma tissues, and to perform bioinformatics analysis on GCRG123. METHODS:In situ hybridiza...AIM:To analyze the expression profiles of a human gastric-cancer-related gene, GCRG123, in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma tissues, and to perform bioinformatics analysis on GCRG123. METHODS:In situ hybridization was used to explore the GCRG123 expression pattern in paraffin-embedded gastric tissues, including 15 cases of signet-ring cell carcinoma, 15 of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, and 15 of normal gastric mucosa. Northern blotting was used to analyze the differences in GCRG123 expression between stomach signet-ring cell carcinoma and intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissues. Online software, including BLAST, Multalin and BLAT, were applied for bioinformatics analysis. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) databases were used for the analyses. RESULTS:The in situ hybridization signal appeared as blue precipitates restricted to the cytoplasm. Ten out of 15 cases of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, normal gastric mucosal epithelium and pyloric glands showed high GCRG123 expression. Low GCRG123 expression was observed in gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and normal gastric glands. Northern blotting revealed that GCRG123 was up-regulated in signet-ring cell carcinoma tissue but down-regulated in intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissue. BLAST and Multalin analyses revealed that the GCRG123 sequence had 92% similarity with the ORF2 sequence of human long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons (LINE-1, L1). BLAT analysis indicated that GCRG123 mapped to all chromosomes. GCRG123 was found to integrate in the intron-17 and-23 of Rb, 5' flanking region of IL-2 and clotting factor Ⅸ genes.CONCLUSION:GCRG123, an active member of the L1 family, was up-regulated in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma.展开更多
基金supported by the Zoology Key Subject of Henan Province.
文摘Objective: To screen and identify key genes differentially displayed in mouse fore stomach carcinoma, in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. Methods: The animal models complied with each period of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma induced by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester (NSEE) were used in this study. The mice were euthanized on days 14, 28, 56, 77 and 84, respectively, after NSEE-piped treatment, and classified according to their pathologies. The differentially expressed genes were isolated from both normal and morbid tissues by mRNA differential display technique and screened by using Reverse Northern blot. Bioinformatics were employed to analyze the results observed. After identification, ten fragments were cloned and matched with GENEBANK database through homologous analysis. Results: One gene was found identical to splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (Sf3bl), while seven fragments hold the homology of known cDNA clones. In contrast, other two fragments had extremely low identity to any genes registered in GENBANK databases. Conclusion: It is the first time to demonstrate in this study that splicing factor3b, subunitl (Sf3bl) is related to mouse fore stomach carcinoma. Furthermore, ESC-3 and ESC-4 are suggested to contribute to the development of mouse fore stomach carcinoma, thus may be candidates of new targets of oncogenes.
基金This work was supported by Henan Technologies R & D Project (No. 0424420043) and Henan Zoology Key Subject.
文摘Objective: To find out the relationship of the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA), alkaline phosphotase (alkaline phosphotase, AKP) and acid phosphotase (acid phosphotase, ACP) with the development of mouse fore stomach cancerization. Methods: The animal models, including the various stages during the development of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma, were made by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester (N-Nitrososarcosineethylester, NSEE). The mice were sacrificed on the 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th days respectively after mice were irrigated with NSEE. The fore stomach was taken out and dissected. The methods of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and isoenzyme electrophoresis were adopted to study the dynamic changes of cell shape and expression of PCNA, AKP and ACP. Results: On the 42nd and 56th days after NSEE treatment, the expression of PCNA increased gradually along with the cancerization. Comparing with the control, there were significant differences (P〈0.05). On the 70th and 84th days, the expression of PCNA increased further (compared with the control P〈0.01). The activity of AKP increased gradually along with the cancerization. On the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, there were significant differences (P〈0.05); on the 70th and 84th days, the activity of AKP increased further (P〈0.01). The activity of ACP also increased on the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, and there were significant differences on the 70th days (P〈0.05) and on the 84th days (P〈0.01) compared with the control. Conclusion: During the carcinogenesis of NIH mouse fore stomach, the expressions of PCNA, AKP and ACP increased gradually and were consisted with the changes of cell shapes.
基金a grant from the Science Foundation of Handan City (No. 02115-3).
文摘Objective: To observation the therapeutic effect and the adverse reaction of preoperative induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) on the III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma. Methods: 49 cases of the III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma were divided into two groups at random. The observation group included 19 cases and the control group included 30 cases. Every case used one cycle chemotherapy. The observation group (IHC group) used chemotherapy and AT II. The control group (simple chemotherapy group) used simple chemotherapy. All cases of the two groups operated after 3 weeks rest. The specimen’s DNA was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The effective power of observation group was 63.2% (12/19), exairesis ratio was 84.2% (16/19). The effective power of control group was 30% (9/30), exairesis ratio was 63.3% (19/30). DNA ploid determination: 13 cases were diploid and 5 cases were heteroploid in the observation group, 9 cases were diploid and 16 cases were heteroploid in the control group. The operative complications and risks of the two groups did not increase. Conclusion: IHC can increase the therapeutic effect of III staging cardia or fundus of stomach carcinoma obviously. IHC is one of the chemotherapy methods that have good future. It has good value of clinic enlarge trial.
文摘Gastric cancer is common in China [1-42],and its early diagnosis and treatment in advanced stage are difficult [31-50].In recent years ,gene study in cancer is a hotspot ,and great progress has been achieved [41-80] .Cancer gene therapy has shifted from the imagination into the laboratory and clinical trials.
文摘A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC) of the stomach is very rare.A 76-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because of epigastralgia and nausea.Endoscopy revealed 2 large tumors in the stomach.He did not have multiple endocrine neoplasia typeⅠor Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.Imaging modalities,including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,revealed no other tumors.Gastrectomy,cholecystectomy,and lymph node dissection were performed.The resected stomach had 2 tumors:one was an antral ulcerated type 3 tumor measuring 5 cm x 5 cm,and the other was a polypoid type 1 tumor measuring 6 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm in the fundus.Microscopically,the antral ulcerated tumor was a well differentiated adenocarcinoma with deep invasion.The fundus polypoid tumor was a LCNEC,being composed of malignant large cells arranged in trabecular and nested patterns.The tumor cells were large and the nuclei were vesicular.Nucleoli were frequently present,and there were many mitotic figures,apoptotic bodies,and necrotic areas.Much lymphovascular permeation was seen.Seven out of 29 dissected lymph nodes showed metastatic foci;6 were from the LCNEC and 1 from theadenocarcinoma.Many intravascular tumor emboli of LCNEC were seen in the peritoneum around the lymph nodes.Mucins were present in the adenocarcinoma but not in the LCNEC.Immunohistochemically,the LCNEC tumor cells were positive for pancytokeratins,synaptophysin(50%positive) ,chromogranin A(10% positive) ,Ki-67(90%labeled) ,and platelet-derived growth factor-α(80%positive) .They were negative for KIT,p53,CD56,and neuron-specific enolase.The non-cancerous stomach showed a normal number of endocrine cells.The patient is now treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
文摘Myoepithelioma/myoepithelial carcinomas are not commonly found in soft tissues and are especially rare at visceral sites.This report describes a case of a rare low-grade myoepithelial carcinoma of the stomach.A61-year-old female patient presented with postprandial abdominal discomfort.Endoscopy revealed a 1.1 cm submucosal lesion.Local excision was performed after malignancy was confirmed by biopsy.The resection margin is free of tumor and she received no adjuvant therapy.The tumor was characterized by multinodular growth with biphasic epithelioid and spindle components.Infiltrative margin and nuclear pleomorphism are seen.Tumor cells were positive for both epithelial and myoepithelial markers.Evidence of epithelial differentiation was confirmed by electron microscopy.No EWSR1 rearrangement was detected.The final diagnosis was low-grade myoepithelial gastric carcinoma.The patient is currently well, and no evidence of recurrence or metastasis was found after ten-month of follow-up.Myoepithelial carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a biphasic gastric tumor.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the dynamic computed tomography(CT) findings of liver metastasis from hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach(HAS) and compared them with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2015, 8 patients with pathologically proven HAS and liver metastases were enrolled. Basic tumor status was evaluated for the primary tumor location and metastatic sites. The CT findings of the liver metastases were analyzed for tumor number and size, presence of tumor necrosis, hemorrhage, venous tumor thrombosis, and dynamic enhancing pattern.RESULTS: The body and antrum were the most common site for primary HAS(n = 7), and observed metastatic sites included the liver(n = 8), lymph nodes(n = 7), peritoneum(n = 4), and lung(n = 2). Most of the liver metastases exhibited tumor necrosis regardless of tumor size. By contrast, tumor hemorrhage was observed only in liver lesions larger than 5 cm(n = 4). Three patterns of venous tumor thrombosis were identified: direct venous invasion by the primary HAS(n = 1), direct venous invasion by the liver metastases(n = 7), and isolated portal vein tumor thrombosis(n = 2). Dynamic CT revealed arterial hyperattenuation and late phase washout in all the liver metastases.CONCLUSION: On dynamic CT, liver metastasis from HAS shared many imaging similarities with HCC. For liver nodules, the presence of isolated portal vein tumor thrombosis and a tendency for tumor necrosis are imaging clues that suggest the diagnosis of HAS.
文摘Multivisceral surgical resection for cure was successfully performed in a 70-year-old man suffering from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)associated with direct invasion to the stomach and pancreas.The patient presented with gastric outlet obstruction,upper abdominal pain and a history of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Upper gastro-intestinal(GI)endoscopy revealed an infiltrating tumor protruding through the gastric wall and obliterating the lumen.Computer tomograghy(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan demonstrated a 15-cm tumor in the left lateral segment of the liver with invasion to the stomach and pancreas.Alpha-foetoprotein (AFP)levels and liver function tests were normal.The patient underwent an en bloc left hepatectomy,total gastrectomy,distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and radical lymphadenectomy.Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated,giant cell HCC involving the stom-ach and pancreas.Disease-free margins of resection were achieved.The patient's postoperative course was uneventful.Sixteen months after surgery,he has norecurrence or distal metastasis.Direct invasion of HCC into the GI tract is rarely encountered.Complete surgical resection should be considered in selected patients with an appropriate hepatic functional reserve.
文摘BACKGROUND Three-dimensional(3D) laparoscopic technique has gradually been applied to the treatment of carcinoma in the remnant stomach(CRS), but its clinical efficacy remains controversial.AIM To compare the short-term and long-term results of 3D laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy(3DLAG) with open gastrectomy(OG) for CRS.METHODS The clinical data of patients diagnosed with CRS and admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected. A total of 84 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All their clinical data were collected and a database was established. All patients were treated with 3DLAG or OG by experienced surgeons and were divided into two groups based on the different surgical methods mentioned above. By using outpatient and telephone follow-up,we were able to determine postoperative survival and tumor status. The postoperative short-term efficacy and 1-year and 3-year overall survival(OS) rates were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Among 84 patients with CRS, 48 were treated with OG and 36 with 3DLAG. All patients successfully completed surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, ASA score,initial disease state(benign or malignant), primary surgical anastomosis method,interval time of carcinogenesis, and tumorigenesis site. Patients in the 3DLAG group experienced less intraoperative blood loss(188.33 ± 191.35 mL vs 305.83 ± 303.66 mL;P =0.045) and smaller incision(10.86 ± 3.18 cm vs 20.06 ± 5.17 cm;P < 0.001) than those in the OG group. 3DLAGC was a more minimally invasive method. 3DLAGC retrieved significantly more lymph nodes than OG(14.0 ± 7.17 vs 10.73 ± 6.82;P = 0.036), whereas the number of positive lymph nodes did not differ between the two groups(1.56 ± 2.84 vs 2.35 ± 5.28;P = 0.413). The complication rate(8.3% vs 20.8%;P = 0.207) and intensive care unit admission rate(5.6% vs 14.5%;P = 0.372) were equivalent between the two groups. In terms of postoperative recovery, the 3DLAGC group had a lower visual analog score, shorter indwelling time of gastric and drainage tubes, shorter time of early off-bed motivation, shorter time of postoperative initial flatus and initial soft diet intake, shorter postoperative hospital stay and total hospital stay, and there were significant differences, showing better short-term efficacy. The 1-year and 3-year OS rates of OG group were 83.2% [95% confidence interval(CI): 72.4%-95.6%] and 73.3%(95%CI: 60.0%-89.5%)respectively. The 1-year and 3-year OS rates of the 3DLAG group were 87.3%(95%CI: 76.4%-99.8%) and 75.6%(95%CI: 59.0%-97.0%), respectively. However, the 1-year and 3-year OS rates were similar between the two groups, which suggested that long-term survival results were comparable between the two groups(P = 0.68).CONCLUSION Compared with OG, 3DLAG for CRS achieved better short-term efficacy and equivalent oncological results without increasing clinical complications. 3DLAG for CRS can be promoted safely and effectively in selected patients.
文摘Fourty-three cases of globoid dysplasia and signet ring cell carcinoma were stained by mucin and CEA (ABC method). It was found that there were three kinds of mucins (neutral, sialo and sulphomucin in both globoid dysplastic cells and signet ring cells. The percentages of the three kinds of mucins seen in the two kinds of cells were not much different. It was indicated that the altered mucins in the gastric epithelial cells must be a sign of dedifferentiation of the cells and the results of malfunction. The globoid dysplasia type I mainly contained neutral mucin, whereas type II, the acid mucin was predominant, especially the sulphomucin. The CEA positive reaction became stronger as the atypia being remarkable, and the characteristics of distribution of CEA positive particles were similar in the two kinds of cells namely, randomly or disorderly in the cells. Based on the analysis of the results, a conclusion can be made that the variety of mucins in globoid dysplastic cells can be used as a reference point in classification and is not much significant in grading, but the amount of CEA positive matter can be a reference point in grading. The globoid dysplasia is such a lesion with special features in morphology and function manifested in the process of de-differentiation towards signet ring cell carcinoma following the successive action of carcinogens upon the cells of gastric epithelium.
基金Supported by a Grant No. 12218231 from Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports,and Culture of Japan
文摘AIM: To investigate features of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) among a Mexican population.METHODS: Cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma were retrieved from the files of the Departments of anatomic site of the gastric neoplasia was identified, and carcinomas were histologically classified as intestinal and diffuse types and subclassified as proposed by the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. EBV-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNA-1 (EBER-1)in situ hybridization was conducted to determine the presence of EBV in neoplastic cells.RESULTS: We studied 330 consecutive, non-selected,primary gastric carcinomas. Among these, there were173 male and 157 female patients (male/female ratio1.1/1). EBER-1 was detected in 24 (7.3%) cases (male/female ratio: 1.2/1). The mean age for the entire group was 58.1 years (range: 20-88 years), whereas the mean age for patients harboring EBER-1-positive gastric carcinomas was 65.3 years (range: 50-84 years). Age and histological type showed statistically significant differences, when EBER-1-positive and -negative gastric carcinomas were compared. EBER-1 was detected in hyperplastic- and dysplastic-gastric mucosa surrounding two EBER-1-negative carcinomas, respectively.CONCLUSION: Among Latin-American countries, Mexico has the lowest frequency of EBVaGC. Indeed, the Mexican population >50 years of age was selectively affected. Ethnic variations are responsible for the epidemiologic behavior of EBVaGC among the worldwide population.
文摘Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma is a rare type of gastric cancer characterized by a carcinoma with intense stromal lymphocytic infiltration. Although lymphocytic infiltration is closely associated with EpsteinBarr virus(EBV) infection, concomitant occurrence with differentiated adenocarcinoma is relatively rare. The clinical manifestations of lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma(including EBV-positive and-negative forms) are similar to those of gastric cancer, and the diagnosis is based on pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. This report describes the case of a 55-year-old female patient who presented with a 10-year history of recurrent and worsening abdominal pain and melena that had been occurring for 2 mo. An ulcerative lesion was detected in the stomach by endoscopic examination, which raised suspicion of early gastric cancer. A subsequent preoperative endoscopic biopsy showed adenocarcinoma, but the postoperative pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses of the resected specimen revealed a final diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma.
文摘AIM: To define the (co-)expression pattern of target receptor-tyrosine-kinases (RTK) in human gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The (co-)expression pattern of VEGFR1-3,PDGFRα/b and EGFR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 51 human gastric adenocarcinomas. In addition,IHC staining was applied for confirmation of expression and analysis of RTK localisation. RESULTS: The majority of samples revealed a VEGFR1 (98%),VEGFR2 (80%),VEGFR3 (67%),PDGFRα (82%) and PDGFRβ(82%) expression,whereas only 62% exhibited an EGFR1 expression. 78% of cancers expressed at least four out of six RTKs. While VEGFR1-3 and PDGFRα revealed a predominantly cytoplasmatic staining in tumor cells,accompanied by an additional nuclear staining for VEGFR3 ,EGFR1 was almost exclusively detected on the membrane of tumor cells. PDGFRβ was restricted to stromal pericytes,which also depicted a PDGFRα expression.receptor-tyrosine-kinases coexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma and might therefore encourage an application of multiple-target RTK-inhibitors within a combination therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated carcinoma is a gastric cancer subtype with a morphology characterized by gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma(GCLS).Clinicopathological studies have indicated a better prognosis for GCLS than for common gastric carcinomas.Some previous cases of early gastric cancer associated with EBV had been diagnosed by endoscopic resection.CASE SUMMARY We present two GCLS cases subjected to endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for a definitive diagnosis.A protruded gastric lesion was identified by routine endoscopic examination,but forceps biopsy showed no atypical cells before ESD.The resected specimen showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphoid cells involving the mucosa and submucosa.The final diagnosis was submucosa-invasive poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma.Accordingly,additional gastrectomy was recommended to obtain a complete cure.One patient underwent additional distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection,but the other was refused because of cardiovascular complications.Both patients remained in remission for more than half a year.EBV positivity was determined by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization.We also conducted a literature review of cases of early gastric cancer associated with EBV that had been diagnosed by ESD.CONCLUSION Submucosa-invasive GCLS could be dissected using ESD,and EBV positivity should be subsequently assessed to determine whether or not any additional curative surgery is required.Further prospective investigations on the prevalence of lymph node metastasis in EBV-associated carcinoma should be performed to expand the indications for endoscopic resection.
文摘Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancyworldwide. While bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract(BGIT) has a well known association with HCC, suchcases are mainly due to gastric and esophageal varices.BGIT as a result of invasion of the gastrointestinal tractby HCC is extremely rare and is reportedly associatedwith very poor prognosis. We describe a 67-year-oldmale who presented with BGIT. Endoscopy showed thesite of bleeding to be from a gastric ulcer, but endoscopictherapy failed to control the bleeding and emergencysurgery was required. At surgery, the ulcer was found tohave arisen from direct invasion of the gastrointestinaltract by HCC of the left lobe. Control of the bleedingwas achieved by surgical resection of the HCC en-bloc with the lesser curve of the stomach. The patientremains alive 33 mo after surgery. Direct invasion of thegastrointestinal tract by HCC giving rise to BGIT is veryuncommon. Surgical resection may offer significantlybetter survival over non-surgical therapy, especially if thepatient is a good surgical candidate and has adequatefunctional liver reserves. Prognosis is not uniformly grave.
基金the Key Project from the 10th Five-year Plan of Chinese PLA, No. 01Z035International Cooperation Project from the 11th Five-year Plan of Chinese PLA, No. 06H044
文摘AIM:To analyze the expression profiles of a human gastric-cancer-related gene, GCRG123, in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma tissues, and to perform bioinformatics analysis on GCRG123. METHODS:In situ hybridization was used to explore the GCRG123 expression pattern in paraffin-embedded gastric tissues, including 15 cases of signet-ring cell carcinoma, 15 of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, and 15 of normal gastric mucosa. Northern blotting was used to analyze the differences in GCRG123 expression between stomach signet-ring cell carcinoma and intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissues. Online software, including BLAST, Multalin and BLAT, were applied for bioinformatics analysis. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) databases were used for the analyses. RESULTS:The in situ hybridization signal appeared as blue precipitates restricted to the cytoplasm. Ten out of 15 cases of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, normal gastric mucosal epithelium and pyloric glands showed high GCRG123 expression. Low GCRG123 expression was observed in gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and normal gastric glands. Northern blotting revealed that GCRG123 was up-regulated in signet-ring cell carcinoma tissue but down-regulated in intestinal-type adenocarcinoma tissue. BLAST and Multalin analyses revealed that the GCRG123 sequence had 92% similarity with the ORF2 sequence of human long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons (LINE-1, L1). BLAT analysis indicated that GCRG123 mapped to all chromosomes. GCRG123 was found to integrate in the intron-17 and-23 of Rb, 5' flanking region of IL-2 and clotting factor Ⅸ genes.CONCLUSION:GCRG123, an active member of the L1 family, was up-regulated in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma.