In this paper, an extended analysis of the performance of different hybrid Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS) for use in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) with a series drivetrain topology is analyzed, ba...In this paper, an extended analysis of the performance of different hybrid Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS) for use in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) with a series drivetrain topology is analyzed, based on simulations with three different driving cycles. The investigated hybrid energy storage topologies are an energy optimized lithium-ion battery (HE) in combination with an Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) system, in combination with a power optimized lithium-ion battery (HP) system or in combination with a Lithium-ion Capacitor (LiCap) system, that act as a Peak Power System. From the simulation results it was observed that hybridization of the HE lithium-ion based energy storage system resulted from the three topologies in an increased overall energy efficiency of the RESS, in an extended all electric range of the PHEV and in a reduced average current through the HE battery. The lowest consumption during the three driving cycles was obtained for the HE-LiCap topology, where fuel savings of respectively 6.0%, 10.3% and 6.8% compared with the battery stand-alone system were achieved. The largest extension of the range was achieved for the HE-HP configuration (17% based on FTP-75 driving cycle). HP batteries however have a large internal resistance in comparison to EDLC and LiCap systems, which resulted in a reduced overall energy efficiency of the hybrid RESS. Additionally, it was observed that the HP and LiCap systems both offer significant benefits for the integration of a peak power system in the drivetrain of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle due to their low volume and weight in comparison to that of the EDLC system.展开更多
The paper deals with the designing of an electric drive system used for hybrid electric vehicles. The driving system is realized with an induction motor and a voltage source inverter. Specifically, the application is ...The paper deals with the designing of an electric drive system used for hybrid electric vehicles. The driving system is realized with an induction motor and a voltage source inverter. Specifically, the application is for a series hybrid vehicle powered by electric storage batteries charged by solar batteries. In the first part of the paper the designing of the electric storage batteries and of the photoelectric system is presented. In the second part of the paper some aspects regarding the designing of the induction motor are presented. Then some aspects concerning the voltage source inverter designing are exposed.展开更多
The sharp inclination in the emissions from conventional vehicles contribute to a significant increase in environmental issues,besides the energy crises and low conversion efficiency leads to the evolution of electric...The sharp inclination in the emissions from conventional vehicles contribute to a significant increase in environmental issues,besides the energy crises and low conversion efficiency leads to the evolution of electric vehicles(EV).Hybrid electric vehicles(HEV) have efficient fuel economy and reduce the overall running cost,but the ultimate goal is to shift completely to the pure electric vehicle.Despite this,the main obstruction of HEV is energy storage capability.An EV requires high specific power(W/kg) and high specific energy(W$h/kg) to increase the distance travelled and reduce the time required for charging.The main focus of this paper is on the energy sources as these are the main components in EVs towards making them eco-friendly and cost-effective.Various topologies of EV technology such as HEVs,plug-in HEVs,and many more have been discussed.These topologies of EVs are based on the diverse combination of batteries,fuel cells,super-capacitor,flywheels,regenerative braking systems,which are used as energy sources and energy storage devices.展开更多
The combination of batteries and ultracapacitors has become an effective solution to satisfy the requirements of high power density and high energy density for the energy-storage system of electric vehicles.Three aspe...The combination of batteries and ultracapacitors has become an effective solution to satisfy the requirements of high power density and high energy density for the energy-storage system of electric vehicles.Three aspects of such combination efforts were considered for evaluating the four types of hybrid energy-storage system(HESS)topologies.First,a novel optimization framework was proposed and implemented to optimize the voltage level of a battery pack and an ultracapacitor pack for the four types of HESS topologies.During the optimization process,the dynamic programming(DP)algorithm was iteratively applied to determine the optimal control actions.The simulation results with DP were used to evaluate the energy efficiency of different HESS topologies at different voltage levels.Second,the optimized voltage level of the battery and ultracapacitor in each topology indicates that a higher voltage level usually results in a better system performance.The simulation results also illustrate that the optimized rated voltage level of the battery pack is approximately 499.5 V,while for the ultracapacitor pack,the optimized voltage level is at its maximum allowed value.Note that the constraint of the battery voltage is initialized at200–600 V.Third,the control rules for different HESS topologies were obtained through the systematic analysis of the simulation results.In addition,advantages and disadvantages of the four topologies were summarized through evaluation of the efficiency and operating currents of the batteries and the ultracapacitor.展开更多
This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery...This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery degradation cost.As the optimal size matching is significant to multi-energy systems like PHEV with both battery and supercapacitor(SC),this hybrid system is adopted herein.First,the hierarchical optimization is conducted,when the optimal power of the internal combustion engine is calculated based on dynamic programming,and a wavelet transformer is introduced to distribute the power between the battery and the SC.Then,the fuel economy and battery degradation are evaluated to return feedback value to each sizing point within the hybrid energy storage system sizing space,obtaining the optimal sizes for the battery and the SC by comparing all the values in the whole sizing space.Finally,an all-hardware test platform is established with a fully active power conversion topology,on which the real-time control capability of the wavelet transformer method and the size matching between the battery and the SC are verified in both short and long time spans.展开更多
针对常用混合动力汽车(Hybrid electric vehicle, HEV)中锂离子电池在功率波动较大时难以满足需求,以及单个驱动周期内HEV燃油能耗大且能量不能很好回收等问题,研究采用锂离子电池和超级电容器混合储能系统(Lithium-ion battery and sup...针对常用混合动力汽车(Hybrid electric vehicle, HEV)中锂离子电池在功率波动较大时难以满足需求,以及单个驱动周期内HEV燃油能耗大且能量不能很好回收等问题,研究采用锂离子电池和超级电容器混合储能系统(Lithium-ion battery and super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system, Li-SC HESS)与内燃机共同驱动HEV运行.结合比例积分粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization-proportion integration, PSO-PI)控制器和Li-SC HESS内部功率限制管理办法,提出一种改进的基于庞特里亚金极小值原理(Pontryagin s minimum principle, PMP)算法的HEV能量优化控制策略,通过ADVISOR软件建立HEV整车仿真模型,验证该方法的有效性与可行性.仿真结果表明,该能量优化控制策略提高了HEV跟踪整车燃油能耗最小轨迹的实时性,节能减排比改进前提高了1.6%~2%,功率波动时减少了锂离子电池的出力,进而改善了混合储能系统性能,对电动汽车关键技术的后续研究意义重大.展开更多
文摘In this paper, an extended analysis of the performance of different hybrid Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS) for use in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) with a series drivetrain topology is analyzed, based on simulations with three different driving cycles. The investigated hybrid energy storage topologies are an energy optimized lithium-ion battery (HE) in combination with an Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) system, in combination with a power optimized lithium-ion battery (HP) system or in combination with a Lithium-ion Capacitor (LiCap) system, that act as a Peak Power System. From the simulation results it was observed that hybridization of the HE lithium-ion based energy storage system resulted from the three topologies in an increased overall energy efficiency of the RESS, in an extended all electric range of the PHEV and in a reduced average current through the HE battery. The lowest consumption during the three driving cycles was obtained for the HE-LiCap topology, where fuel savings of respectively 6.0%, 10.3% and 6.8% compared with the battery stand-alone system were achieved. The largest extension of the range was achieved for the HE-HP configuration (17% based on FTP-75 driving cycle). HP batteries however have a large internal resistance in comparison to EDLC and LiCap systems, which resulted in a reduced overall energy efficiency of the hybrid RESS. Additionally, it was observed that the HP and LiCap systems both offer significant benefits for the integration of a peak power system in the drivetrain of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle due to their low volume and weight in comparison to that of the EDLC system.
文摘The paper deals with the designing of an electric drive system used for hybrid electric vehicles. The driving system is realized with an induction motor and a voltage source inverter. Specifically, the application is for a series hybrid vehicle powered by electric storage batteries charged by solar batteries. In the first part of the paper the designing of the electric storage batteries and of the photoelectric system is presented. In the second part of the paper some aspects regarding the designing of the induction motor are presented. Then some aspects concerning the voltage source inverter designing are exposed.
文摘The sharp inclination in the emissions from conventional vehicles contribute to a significant increase in environmental issues,besides the energy crises and low conversion efficiency leads to the evolution of electric vehicles(EV).Hybrid electric vehicles(HEV) have efficient fuel economy and reduce the overall running cost,but the ultimate goal is to shift completely to the pure electric vehicle.Despite this,the main obstruction of HEV is energy storage capability.An EV requires high specific power(W/kg) and high specific energy(W$h/kg) to increase the distance travelled and reduce the time required for charging.The main focus of this paper is on the energy sources as these are the main components in EVs towards making them eco-friendly and cost-effective.Various topologies of EV technology such as HEVs,plug-in HEVs,and many more have been discussed.These topologies of EVs are based on the diverse combination of batteries,fuel cells,super-capacitor,flywheels,regenerative braking systems,which are used as energy sources and energy storage devices.
基金supported by the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarsthe Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute of Technologythe National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No.2013BAG05B00)
文摘The combination of batteries and ultracapacitors has become an effective solution to satisfy the requirements of high power density and high energy density for the energy-storage system of electric vehicles.Three aspects of such combination efforts were considered for evaluating the four types of hybrid energy-storage system(HESS)topologies.First,a novel optimization framework was proposed and implemented to optimize the voltage level of a battery pack and an ultracapacitor pack for the four types of HESS topologies.During the optimization process,the dynamic programming(DP)algorithm was iteratively applied to determine the optimal control actions.The simulation results with DP were used to evaluate the energy efficiency of different HESS topologies at different voltage levels.Second,the optimized voltage level of the battery and ultracapacitor in each topology indicates that a higher voltage level usually results in a better system performance.The simulation results also illustrate that the optimized rated voltage level of the battery pack is approximately 499.5 V,while for the ultracapacitor pack,the optimized voltage level is at its maximum allowed value.Note that the constraint of the battery voltage is initialized at200–600 V.Third,the control rules for different HESS topologies were obtained through the systematic analysis of the simulation results.In addition,advantages and disadvantages of the four topologies were summarized through evaluation of the efficiency and operating currents of the batteries and the ultracapacitor.
基金This work was supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China with Grant No.51807008 and China Association for Science and Technology Youth Talent Promotion Project.
文摘This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery degradation cost.As the optimal size matching is significant to multi-energy systems like PHEV with both battery and supercapacitor(SC),this hybrid system is adopted herein.First,the hierarchical optimization is conducted,when the optimal power of the internal combustion engine is calculated based on dynamic programming,and a wavelet transformer is introduced to distribute the power between the battery and the SC.Then,the fuel economy and battery degradation are evaluated to return feedback value to each sizing point within the hybrid energy storage system sizing space,obtaining the optimal sizes for the battery and the SC by comparing all the values in the whole sizing space.Finally,an all-hardware test platform is established with a fully active power conversion topology,on which the real-time control capability of the wavelet transformer method and the size matching between the battery and the SC are verified in both short and long time spans.