The Popularization and Application of Cold Storage Red Blood Cells or Whole Blood at -80 ℃ of the Rh(D) Negative Patients in Surgical Operation

Summary: The efficiency of cold storage red blood cells (CSRBC) or whole blood at -80 ℃ used in 27 Rh(D) negative patients during surgical operation was reported. The Rh(D) negative patients received the transfusion of CSRBC or whole blood stored at -80 ℃ for 180 to 360 days. The changes in the indexes, such as blood TB, DB, K +, Na +, BUN, Cr, urine protein (URPO), UOB, Hb, HCT, serum total protein, relative to hemolytic reaction and blood volume before and after transfusion were observed. The results showed that after transfusion of CSRBC or whole blood 27 cases were negative for urine protein and UOB, and the levels of BUN and Cr were normal (P>0.05). Blood TB, DB, Hb, and HCT were increased, while pH, blood K + and blood Na + was normal with the difference being not significant before and after operation (P>0.05). Plasma protein was decreased, but there was no significant difference before and after operation (P>0.05). It was suggested that CSRBC or whole blood at -80 ℃ could be safely infused to the Rh(D) negative patients without side effects during the surgical operation.

Verification of SEU resistance in 65 nm high-performance SRAM with dual DICE interleaving and EDAC mitigation strategies

A dual double interlocked storage cell(DICE)interleaving layout static random-access memory(SRAM)is designed and manufactured based on 65 nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.The single event upset(SEU)cross sections of this memory are obtained via heavy ion irradiation with a linear energy transfer(LET)value ranging from 1.7 to 83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)).Experimental results show that the upset threshold(LETth)of a 4 KB block is approximately 6 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)),which is much better than that of a standard unhardened SRAM with an identical technology node.A 1 KB block has a higher LETth of 25 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))owing to the use of the error detection and correction(EDAC)code.For a Ta ion irradiation test with the highest LET value(83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))),the benefit of the EDAC code is reduced significantly because the multi-bit upset proportion in the SEU is increased remarkably.Compared with normal incident ions,the memory exhibits a higher SEU sensitivity in the tilt angle irradiation test.Moreover,the SEU cross section indicates a significant dependence on the data pattern.When comprehensively considering HSPICE simulation results and the sensitive area distributions of the DICE cell,it is shown that the data pattern dependence is primarily associated with the arrangement of sensitive transistor pairs in the layout.Finally,some suggestions are provided to further improve the radiation resistance of the memory.By implementing a particular design at the layout level,the SEU tolerance of the memory is improved significantly at a low area cost.Therefore,the designed 65 nm SRAM is suitable for electronic systems operating in serious radiation environments.

System integration of China's first PEMFC locomotive

In the face of growing environmental pollution, developing a fuel-cell-driven shunting locomotive is a great challenge in China for environmental protection and energy saving, which combines the environmental advantages of an electric locomotive with the lower infrastructure costs of a diesel-electric locomotive. In this paper, the investigation status and the development trend of the fuel-cell-driven shunting locomotive were introduced. Through innovation of the power system using fuel cells, an experiment prototype of a fuel-cell shunting locomotive was developed, which would reduce the effects on the environment of the existing locomotives. This was the first locomotive to use a proton exchange membrane fuel-cell （PEMFC） power plant in China. From October 2012, we started to test the fuel-cell power plant and further test runs on the test rail-line in Chengdu, Sichuan. The achieved encouraging results can provide fundamental data for the modification of the current individual fuel cell locomotives or further development of the fuel-cell hybrid ones in China.

Operational Robustness Studies of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Stacks

Stacks of solid oxide cells which can be run as both electrolysers and fuel cells have been tested for robustness towards simulations of stress conditions which are likely to occur during operation of solid oxide electrolysis systems, for which the energy supply comes from renewable sources, such as wind mills and solar cells. Such conditions are thermo mechanical stress conditions as well as loss of fuel and air supply. The cells have Ni/YSZ （yttria stabilized zirconia） fuel electrodes, YSZ electrolytes, and LSCF （lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite） oxygen electrodes with a CGO （cerium gadolinium oxide） barrier layer. In the stacks, the cells are separated by chromium rich steel interconnects. The robustness tests of stacks are one step in the development of a SOEC （solid oxide electrolysis cell） core; the core component in a SOEC system, including one or more SOEC stacks, heaters, heat exchangers, insulation, and feed troughs.

A non-aqueous Li/organosulfur semi-solid flow battery

Non-aqueous flow batteries have attracted extensive attention due to the advantages of wide voltagewindow, high energy density and wide operating temperature and so on. Herein, tetramethylthiuramdisulfide （TMTD） with high intrinsic capacity （223 mAh/g） and high solubility （-1 mol/L in chloroform） isinvestigated as the positive active material of the non-aqueous LiJdisulfide semi-solid flow battery. Theelectrochemical activity and reversibility are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear scanvoltammetry. This Li/TMTD battery with a high cell voltage of 3.36 V achieves coulombic efficiency of 99%,voltage efficiency of 73% and energy efficiency of 72% at the current density of 5 mA/cm2 with activematerial concentration of 0.1 mol/L. Moreover, the LiJTMTD battery can operate for 100 cycles withoutobvious efficiency decay, indicating good stability.