From 2010 to 2012, the China Geological Survey Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey （CHEGS） carried out the project ＂Potential evaluation and demonstration project of CO2 Geological Storage in C...From 2010 to 2012, the China Geological Survey Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey （CHEGS） carried out the project ＂Potential evaluation and demonstration project of CO2 Geological Storage in China＂. During this project, we developed an evaluation index system and technical methods for the potential and suitability of CO2 geological storage based on China＇s geological conditions, and evaluated the potential and suitability of the primary basins for COz geological storage, in order to draw a series of regional scale maps （at a scale of 1：5000000） and develop an atlas of the main sedimentary basins in China. By using these tools, we delineated many potential targets for CO2 storage. We also built techniques and methods for site selection and the exploration and assessment of CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers. Furthermore, through cooperation with the China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Co., Ltd., we successfully constructed the first coal-based demonstration project for CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers in the Yijinhuoluo Banner of Ordos in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which brought about the basic preliminary theories, techniques, and methods of geological CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers under China＇s geological conditions.展开更多
For improving the properties of SiC-mullite composite ceramics used for solar sensible thermal storage, MnO2 was introduced as sintering additive when preparing. The composite ceramics were synthesized by using SiC, a...For improving the properties of SiC-mullite composite ceramics used for solar sensible thermal storage, MnO2 was introduced as sintering additive when preparing. The composite ceramics were synthesized by using SiC, andalusite, a-Al2O3 as the starting materials with non-contact graphite-buried sintering method. Phase composition and microstructure of the composites were investigated by XRD and SEM, and the effect of MnOz on the properties of SiC composites was studied. Results indicated that samples SM1 with 0.2 wt% MnO2 addition achieved the optimum properties： bending strength of 70.96 MPa, heat capacity of 1.02 J.（g.K）-1, thermal conductivity of 9.05 W-（m.K）-1. Proper addition of MnO2 was found to weaken the volume effect of the composites and improve the thermal shock resistance with an increased rate of 27.84% for bending strength after 30 cycles of thermal shock （air cooling from 1 100 ℃ to RT）. Key words： SiC-mullite composite ceramics; MnO2; solar sensible thermal storage; non-contact graphite-buried sintering; thermal shock resistance展开更多
The heat transfer performance of the phase change materials used in free cooling and air conditioning applications is low,due to the poor thermal conductivity of the materials.The recent phenomenal advancement in nano...The heat transfer performance of the phase change materials used in free cooling and air conditioning applications is low,due to the poor thermal conductivity of the materials.The recent phenomenal advancement in nano technology provides an opportunity for an appreciable enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials.In order to explore the possibilities of using nano technology for various applications,a detailed parametric study is carried out,to analyse the heat transfer enhancement potential with the thermal conductivity of the conventional phase change materials and nano enhanced phase change materials under various flow conditions of the heat transfer fluid.Initially,the theoretical equation,used to determine the time for outward cylindrical solidification of the phase change material,is validated with the experimental results.It is inferred from the parametric studies,that for paraffinic phase change materials with air as the heat transfer fluid,the first step should be to increase the heat transfer coefficient to the maximum extent,before making any attempt to increase the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials,with the addition of nano particles.When water is used as the phase change material,the addition of nano particles is recommended to achieve better heat transfer,when a liquid is used as the heat transfer fluid.展开更多
This paper proposes a theoretical study of a cold storage system in a CO2 （carbon dioxide） MT （medium temperature） plant for supermarkets application. The aim of this plant strategy is that in the daily hours the ...This paper proposes a theoretical study of a cold storage system in a CO2 （carbon dioxide） MT （medium temperature） plant for supermarkets application. The aim of this plant strategy is that in the daily hours the storage can export heat form the refrigerant outcoming the gas cooler/condenser whereas during the nightly hours it can be maintained cooled by this latter before its incoming into the evaporator. Besides, the storage can be used for reducing the energy peak consumption, permitting to size the plant on a lower energy target, and it can influence the choice of the optimisation logic of the plant controller, in this work a model for a MT CO2 transcritical/subcritical cycle, able to manage the transient due to the changes of loads and external conditions, is proposed to take into account the evolution with time in a fixed time step. A parametrical analysis has been conduced for understanding the optimal design of the plant. A seasonal analysis is considered too, for understanding the cold storage benefits in different periods of year.展开更多
Li-rich Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]02（LMNC） powders were synthesized by a gel-combustion method. The related microstructure, electrochemical performance and electrochemically induced phase evolution were characteriz...Li-rich Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]02（LMNC） powders were synthesized by a gel-combustion method. The related microstructure, electrochemical performance and electrochemically induced phase evolution were characterized. The 900℃ calcined powders have a hexagonal layered structure with high ordered degree and low cationic mixing level. The calcined materials as cathode electrode for Li-ion battery deliver the high electrochemical properties with an initial discharge capacity of 243.5 mA. h. g-1 at 25 mA.g-1 and 249.2 mA-h.g-1 even after 50 cycles. The electrochemically induced phase evolution investigated by a transmission electron microscopy indicates that Li＋ ions deintercalated first from the LiMO2 （M = Mn, Co, Ni） component and then from Li2MnO3 component in the LMNC during the charge process, while Li＋ ions intercalated into Li1-xMO2 component followed by into MnO2 component during the discharge process.展开更多
The DFI-1 gas South China Sea, contains thus there is great concern field, located in the western a high concentration of CO2, about the need to reduce the CO2 emissions. Many options have been considered in recent ye...The DFI-1 gas South China Sea, contains thus there is great concern field, located in the western a high concentration of CO2, about the need to reduce the CO2 emissions. Many options have been considered in recent years to dispose of the CO2 separated from the natural gas stream on the Hainan Island. In this study, the feasibility of CO2 storage in the lateral saline aquifer of the DF 1-1 gas field is assessed, including aquifer selection and geological assessment, CO2 migration and storage safety, project design, and economic analysis. Six offshore aquifers have been investigated for CO2 geological storage. The lateral aquifer of the DFI-1 gas field has been selected as the best target for CO2 injection and storage because of its proven sealing ability, and the large storage capacity of the combined aquifer and hydrocarbon reservoir geological structure. The separated CO2 will be dehydrated on the Hainan Island and transported by a long- distance subsea pipeline in supercritical or liquid state to the central platform of the DFI-1 gas field for pressure adjustment. The CO2 will then be injected into the lateral aquifer via a subsea well-head through a horizontal well. Reservoir simulations suggest that the injected CO2 will migrate slowly upwards in the aquifer without disturbing the natural gas production. The scoping economic analysis shows that the unit storage cost of the project is approximately US$26-31/ton CO2 with the subsea pipe- line as the main contributor to capital expenditure （CAPEX）, and the dehydration system as the main factor of operating expenditure （OPEX）.展开更多
Nowadays, energy shortage and environmental pollution issues are increasingly severe and urgent to be solved. The effective storage and use of environmentally friendly fuels and removal of harmful gases from the envir...Nowadays, energy shortage and environmental pollution issues are increasingly severe and urgent to be solved. The effective storage and use of environmentally friendly fuels and removal of harmful gases from the environment are great challenges and of great importance both for the environment protection and for human health. Porous met- al-organic frameworks （MOFs） are highly ordered crystalline materials formed by the self-assembly process of metal ions and organic ligands. Their good features such as ultrahigh porosity, large surface area, structural diversity and functionalities make them promising candidates for applications in energy and environmental fields. MOF thin films and MOF composites have also been investigated to further enhance the properties and introduce new func- tionalities. This review provides an overview of the synthesis methods of pristine MOFs, MOF thin films and MOF composites, and significant advances of MOFs in energy and environment applications such as energy storage （H2, CH4）, CO2 capture and separation, adsorption removal and sensing of harmful gases in the environment.展开更多
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle(nano-TiO2),as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst,has been widely applied in modem industry,thus inevitably discharged into environment.We proposed that nano-TiO2 in soil can pro...Titanium dioxide nanoparticle(nano-TiO2),as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst,has been widely applied in modem industry,thus inevitably discharged into environment.We proposed that nano-TiO2 in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance,therefore,we investigated the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Results showed that rice biomass was increased>30%at every applied dosage(0.1-100 mg/L)of nano-TiO2.The actual photosynthetic rate(Y(II))significantly increased by 10.0%and 17.2%in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively,indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis.Besides,non-photochemical quenching(Y(NPQ))significantly decreased by 19.8%-26.0%of the control in all treatments respectively,representing a decline in heat dissipation.Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides(D-fructose,D-galactose,and D-talose)to disaccharides(D-cellobiose,and Dlactose)was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle,confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism.All these results elucidated that nano-TiO2 promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism.This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO2,and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.展开更多
文摘From 2010 to 2012, the China Geological Survey Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey （CHEGS） carried out the project ＂Potential evaluation and demonstration project of CO2 Geological Storage in China＂. During this project, we developed an evaluation index system and technical methods for the potential and suitability of CO2 geological storage based on China＇s geological conditions, and evaluated the potential and suitability of the primary basins for COz geological storage, in order to draw a series of regional scale maps （at a scale of 1：5000000） and develop an atlas of the main sedimentary basins in China. By using these tools, we delineated many potential targets for CO2 storage. We also built techniques and methods for site selection and the exploration and assessment of CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers. Furthermore, through cooperation with the China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Co., Ltd., we successfully constructed the first coal-based demonstration project for CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers in the Yijinhuoluo Banner of Ordos in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which brought about the basic preliminary theories, techniques, and methods of geological CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers under China＇s geological conditions.
基金Funded by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB227105)
文摘For improving the properties of SiC-mullite composite ceramics used for solar sensible thermal storage, MnO2 was introduced as sintering additive when preparing. The composite ceramics were synthesized by using SiC, andalusite, a-Al2O3 as the starting materials with non-contact graphite-buried sintering method. Phase composition and microstructure of the composites were investigated by XRD and SEM, and the effect of MnOz on the properties of SiC composites was studied. Results indicated that samples SM1 with 0.2 wt% MnO2 addition achieved the optimum properties： bending strength of 70.96 MPa, heat capacity of 1.02 J.（g.K）-1, thermal conductivity of 9.05 W-（m.K）-1. Proper addition of MnO2 was found to weaken the volume effect of the composites and improve the thermal shock resistance with an increased rate of 27.84% for bending strength after 30 cycles of thermal shock （air cooling from 1 100 ℃ to RT）. Key words： SiC-mullite composite ceramics; MnO2; solar sensible thermal storage; non-contact graphite-buried sintering; thermal shock resistance
文摘The heat transfer performance of the phase change materials used in free cooling and air conditioning applications is low,due to the poor thermal conductivity of the materials.The recent phenomenal advancement in nano technology provides an opportunity for an appreciable enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials.In order to explore the possibilities of using nano technology for various applications,a detailed parametric study is carried out,to analyse the heat transfer enhancement potential with the thermal conductivity of the conventional phase change materials and nano enhanced phase change materials under various flow conditions of the heat transfer fluid.Initially,the theoretical equation,used to determine the time for outward cylindrical solidification of the phase change material,is validated with the experimental results.It is inferred from the parametric studies,that for paraffinic phase change materials with air as the heat transfer fluid,the first step should be to increase the heat transfer coefficient to the maximum extent,before making any attempt to increase the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials,with the addition of nano particles.When water is used as the phase change material,the addition of nano particles is recommended to achieve better heat transfer,when a liquid is used as the heat transfer fluid.
文摘This paper proposes a theoretical study of a cold storage system in a CO2 （carbon dioxide） MT （medium temperature） plant for supermarkets application. The aim of this plant strategy is that in the daily hours the storage can export heat form the refrigerant outcoming the gas cooler/condenser whereas during the nightly hours it can be maintained cooled by this latter before its incoming into the evaporator. Besides, the storage can be used for reducing the energy peak consumption, permitting to size the plant on a lower energy target, and it can influence the choice of the optimisation logic of the plant controller, in this work a model for a MT CO2 transcritical/subcritical cycle, able to manage the transient due to the changes of loads and external conditions, is proposed to take into account the evolution with time in a fixed time step. A parametrical analysis has been conduced for understanding the optimal design of the plant. A seasonal analysis is considered too, for understanding the cold storage benefits in different periods of year.
文摘Li-rich Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]02（LMNC） powders were synthesized by a gel-combustion method. The related microstructure, electrochemical performance and electrochemically induced phase evolution were characterized. The 900℃ calcined powders have a hexagonal layered structure with high ordered degree and low cationic mixing level. The calcined materials as cathode electrode for Li-ion battery deliver the high electrochemical properties with an initial discharge capacity of 243.5 mA. h. g-1 at 25 mA.g-1 and 249.2 mA-h.g-1 even after 50 cycles. The electrochemically induced phase evolution investigated by a transmission electron microscopy indicates that Li＋ ions deintercalated first from the LiMO2 （M = Mn, Co, Ni） component and then from Li2MnO3 component in the LMNC during the charge process, while Li＋ ions intercalated into Li1-xMO2 component followed by into MnO2 component during the discharge process.
文摘The DFI-1 gas South China Sea, contains thus there is great concern field, located in the western a high concentration of CO2, about the need to reduce the CO2 emissions. Many options have been considered in recent years to dispose of the CO2 separated from the natural gas stream on the Hainan Island. In this study, the feasibility of CO2 storage in the lateral saline aquifer of the DF 1-1 gas field is assessed, including aquifer selection and geological assessment, CO2 migration and storage safety, project design, and economic analysis. Six offshore aquifers have been investigated for CO2 geological storage. The lateral aquifer of the DFI-1 gas field has been selected as the best target for CO2 injection and storage because of its proven sealing ability, and the large storage capacity of the combined aquifer and hydrocarbon reservoir geological structure. The separated CO2 will be dehydrated on the Hainan Island and transported by a long- distance subsea pipeline in supercritical or liquid state to the central platform of the DFI-1 gas field for pressure adjustment. The CO2 will then be injected into the lateral aquifer via a subsea well-head through a horizontal well. Reservoir simulations suggest that the injected CO2 will migrate slowly upwards in the aquifer without disturbing the natural gas production. The scoping economic analysis shows that the unit storage cost of the project is approximately US$26-31/ton CO2 with the subsea pipe- line as the main contributor to capital expenditure （CAPEX）, and the dehydration system as the main factor of operating expenditure （OPEX）.
文摘Nowadays, energy shortage and environmental pollution issues are increasingly severe and urgent to be solved. The effective storage and use of environmentally friendly fuels and removal of harmful gases from the environment are great challenges and of great importance both for the environment protection and for human health. Porous met- al-organic frameworks （MOFs） are highly ordered crystalline materials formed by the self-assembly process of metal ions and organic ligands. Their good features such as ultrahigh porosity, large surface area, structural diversity and functionalities make them promising candidates for applications in energy and environmental fields. MOF thin films and MOF composites have also been investigated to further enhance the properties and introduce new func- tionalities. This review provides an overview of the synthesis methods of pristine MOFs, MOF thin films and MOF composites, and significant advances of MOFs in energy and environment applications such as energy storage （H2, CH4）, CO2 capture and separation, adsorption removal and sensing of harmful gases in the environment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21836003 and 21520102009).
文摘Titanium dioxide nanoparticle(nano-TiO2),as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst,has been widely applied in modem industry,thus inevitably discharged into environment.We proposed that nano-TiO2 in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance,therefore,we investigated the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Results showed that rice biomass was increased>30%at every applied dosage(0.1-100 mg/L)of nano-TiO2.The actual photosynthetic rate(Y(II))significantly increased by 10.0%and 17.2%in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively,indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis.Besides,non-photochemical quenching(Y(NPQ))significantly decreased by 19.8%-26.0%of the control in all treatments respectively,representing a decline in heat dissipation.Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides(D-fructose,D-galactose,and D-talose)to disaccharides(D-cellobiose,and Dlactose)was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle,confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism.All these results elucidated that nano-TiO2 promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism.This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO2,and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.
