Detached eddy simulation on the structure of swirling jet flow field

The improved delayed detached eddy simulation method with shear stress transport model was used to analyze the evolution of vortex structure,velocity and pressure fields of swirling jet.The influence of nozzle pressure drop on vortex structure development and turbulence pulsation was investigated.The development of vortex structure could be divided into three stages:Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)instability,transition stage and swirling flow instability.Swirling flow could significantly enhance radial turbulence pulsation and increase diffusion angle.At the downstream of the jet flow,turbulence pulsation dissipation was the main reason for jet velocity attenuation.With the increase of pressure drop,the jet velocity,pulsation amplitude and the symmetry of velocity distribution increased correspondingly.Meanwhile the pressure pulsation along with the axis and vortex transport intensity also increased significantly.When the jet distance exceeded about 9 times the dimensionless jet distance,the impact distance of swirling jet could not be improved effectively by increasing the pressure drop.However,it could effectively increase the swirl intensity and jet diffusion angle.The swirling jet is more suitable for radial horizontal drilling with large hole size,coalbed methane horizontal well cavity completion and roadway drilling and pressure relief,etc.

Effects of Four Types of Pre-swirls on the Leakage, Flow Field, and Fluid-Induced Force of the Rotary Straight-through Labyrinth Gas Seal

The labyrinth seal in turbomachinery is a key element that restricts leakage flow among rotor-stator clearances from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The fluid-induced forces on the rotor from seals during machine operation must be accurately quantified to predict their dynamic behavior effectively. To understand the fluid-induced force characteristics of the labyrinth seal more fully, the effects of four types of pre-swirls on the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of a rotary straight-through labyrinth gas seal (RSTLGS) were numerically investigated using the proposed steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the three-dimensional models of the RSTLGS. The leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS for six axial pre-swirl velocities, four radial preswirl angles, four circumferential positive pre-swirl angles, and four circumferential negative pre-swirl angles were computed under the same geometrical parameters and operational conditions. Mesh analysis ensures the accuracy of the present steady CFD method. The numerical results show that the four types of pre-swirls influence the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The axial pre-swirl velocity remarkably inhibits the fluid-induced force, and the circumferential positive pre-swirl angle and circumferential negative pre-swirl angle remarkably promote the fluid-induced force. The effects of the radial pre-swirl angle on the fluid-induced force are complicated, and the pressure forces and viscous forces show the maximum or minimum values at a specific radial pre-swirl angle. The pre-swirl has a negligible impact on the leakage. The four types of pre-swirls affect the leakage, flow field, and fluidinduced force of the RSTLGS to varying degrees. The pre-swirl is the influence factor affecting the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The conclusions will help to understand the fluid-induced force of labyrinth seals more fully, by providing helpful suggestions for engineering practices and a theoretical basis to analyze the fluid–structure interaction of the seal-rotor system in future research.

Numerical investigation of confined swirling gas-solid two phase jet

This paper presents a \%k\|ε\|k\-p\% multi\|fluid model for simulating confined swirling gas\|solid two phase jet comprised of particle\|laden flow from a center tube and a swirling air stream entering the test section from the coaxial annular. A series of numerical simulations of the two\|phase flow of 30 μm, 45 μm, 60 μm diameter particles respectively yielded results fitting well with published experimental data.

Laws of Jet Mixing of the Swirled Flows in a Pipe

Results of experimental research of the mixing process of coaxial flows in a pipe with swirled peripheral jet are presented in this paper. Distribution of temperature and concentration of gases on the axis and wall of the channel under the influence of such factors as the regime flow, ratio of density of flows and swirl degree of the peripheral jet are studied. Research of temperature, swirl angle, circulation in cross sections along with the channel have shown that their distributions have the jet-like character and are described by known dependences for the layer of mixture.

Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics for Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube with Swirl Generators

This study investigated the heat transfer and flow characteristics of one kind of swirlgenerator in a circular heat exchanger tube through a numericalsimulation. The swirlflow induced by this type of swirlgenerator can obtain a high heat transfer rate with minimalpressure drop penalty. The simulations were carried out to understand the physicalbehavior of this kind of mesoscale heat enhancement component. By visualizing the heat transfer and flow characteristics, it is found that the swirlflow is induced by swirlgenerator in the circular tube couples with the impinging jet effect. After passing through the swirlgenerator, the localfriction factor of liquid can quickly return to lower levelmore quickly, while the localNusselt number maintains higher values for a distance; thus, the evaluation criterion of localperformance is improved. Single-factor optimization is used for three geometric parameters, i.e., the angle of swirlgenerator(25o, 45o, and 60o), the length of swirlgenerator(0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 m), and the center rod radius(1, 2, and 3 mm). The optimum parameters of the swirlgenerator for laminar flow of air in a circular tube are obtained, which should be 60o, 0.005 m, and 3 mm, respectively.

基于旋流射流的清管器结构研究

针对管道污垢容易在清管器皮碗底部形成楔形堆积,造成清管器卡堵等问题,提出一种基于旋流射流的清管器结构。基于计算流体力学方法,对旋流射流清管器进行流场数值模拟,研究导流管直径、叶片安装角、翼型折角对叶轮力矩和旋流射流平均速度的影响,分析导流管气流对皮碗底部污垢吹扫效果;采用正交试验法确定最优结构参数。研究表明:导流管直径在65~75 mm之间时,叶轮力矩基本达到峰值;增大翼型折角或叶片安装角都能显著提高叶轮力矩,但叶片安装角对旋流射流平均速度影响较小;导流管中射到皮碗底部的气流速度在40~60 m/s,湍动能大小在6 m^(2)/s^(2)左右,且影响范围广,能解决由皮碗底部污垢堆积而产生的卡堵问题;最优结构参数为导流管直径45 mm、叶片安装角40°、翼型折角33°。研究可为研发新型清管器以及解除卡堵问题提供参考。

LYZH型急冷箱数值模拟与结构优化

为适应加氢反应器大型化趋势,开发了集旋流、撞击及挡板分流等功能于一体的LYZH型急冷箱,其结构由上至下依次为旋流冷氢管、冷氢盘、喷射管和接液盘。采用CFD软件对LYZH型急冷箱进行数值模拟研究,结果表明LYZH型急冷箱具有优秀的传热性能及气液混合性能。为使LYZH型急冷箱的性能得到进一步提升,对其结构进行了优化,最优结构的旋流冷氢管中径为2218.9 mm、喷射管直径为526.9 mm以及接液盘到冷氢盘高度为175.4 mm。与原始结构相比,最优结构的传热性能提高7.61%,压力降降低14.4%,LYZH型急冷箱的综合性能得到较大改善。

Characteristics of annular impinging jets with/without swirling flow by short guide vanes

Annular jets impinging on a uniformly heated flat plate with or without swirling flow by short guide vanes are experimentally characterized. With the Reynolds number fixed at a relatively low value, the variation of jet flow structures with impinging distance is characterized using the technique of particle image velocimetry (PIV). Correspondingly, the distributions of wall pressure and heat transfer on the plate are measured. At sufficiently large impinging distances, without swirling flow, the obtained flow and wall pressure/heat transfer data are consistent with the classical observation for a conventional annular impinging jet, showing the transition from annular impinging jet flow to single circular impinging jet-like flow. In contrast, no such transition occurs in the presence of flow turning by short guide vanes. At short and intermediate impinging distances, flow turning causes more non-uniform distributions of wall pressure and heat transfer on the target plate and the local heat transfer rates higher than those of the conventional annular jet. This is attributed to the vortical flow structures shed and convected downstream from the short guide vanes. In sharp contrast, at large impinging distances, the larger momentum loss due to flow turning results in lower heat transfer rates on the plate.

旋转磨料射流喷嘴叶轮参数优化设计

为增强旋转磨料射流在硬岩地层高效破岩效果,喷射破岩形成较大孔径径向水平井井眼,对喷嘴叶轮参数展开了优化设计。对径向水平井井下工况旋转磨料射流流场进行模拟,研究了叶轮扭转角、长度、直径、叶片厚度和叶片数量等参数对流场速度的影响。结果表明:叶轮扭转角度为影响流场旋流强度的主要因素;减小叶轮直径或增加叶片厚度会缩小流道的过流面积,增加射流的旋转强度,直径影响最大切向速度相差15.1%,厚度影响相差44.6%;叶片数量较多会降低射流冲击速度。在本文条件下,给出了建议性优化喷嘴叶轮结构参数:叶轮扭转角度为630°,长度为30 mm,直径为18 mm,叶片厚度为4 mm,叶片数量为3。所得结果可为径向井旋转磨料射流喷嘴优化设计提供依据。

Flow Field Investigation in a Trapezoidal Duct with Swirl Flow Induced by Impingement Jets

An enlarged model of trapezoidal duct near the leading-edge in the blade is built up. The effects of impingement jets, swirl flow, cross flow and effusion flow are considered. Experiments are performed to measure flow fields in this confined passage and exit holes on one of its side walls. Cross flow and effusion flow are induced in the channel by the outflow of side exit hole （SEH） and film cooling hole （FCH）, which are oriented on one end wall and bottom wall of the passage. Detailed flow structures are measured for two impingement angles of 35° and 45° with 6 combinations of outflow ratios. Results show that the small jets impinge the target wall effectively while the large jets contribute to inducing and impelling a strong counter-clockwise vortex in the upper part of the passage. Cross flow plays a dominate role for the flow structures in the passage and exit holes. It deflects jets, enhances swirl and deteriorates side exit conditions. Impingement angle is another significant factor for the flow characteristics. Its effect reveals more evidently with cross flow. Within the present test conditions, the mass flow rates and outflow positions of FCHs have no distinct effect on the main flow structures.

射吸式旋流排水采气装置结构参数优化

针对天然气开采过程中产生的井底积液问题,本文提出一种射吸式排水采气装置,并通过数值模拟对其内部流程进行仿真分析,对比分析了旋流工具结构参数对排水采气效果的影响,并根据其仿真结果对旋流工具的结构参数进行优化,得到了确定工况下最佳的结构参数。

直旋混合射流内流场的特性研究

自进式钻头是径向射流钻井技术中的一个不可或缺的组件。然而,目前国内外对直旋混合射流进行的研究多数是关于其外流场对破岩效率的,而对组合射流的形成机理的研究较少。通过在非淹没条件下进行了新型直旋混合射流的内部流场仿真,得到了内流场的混合特性:轴向速度靠近轴心处速度最大,切向速度则是沿着射流的不断混合呈现正弦曲线分布的规律。结果可为进一步研究钻头的破岩特性、机理和优化设计提供理论依据。

自进式旋转射流钻头破岩效果

利用有限的排量实现高效的破岩效率并尽可能增大径向水平井眼的延伸能力是实施新型径向水平井技术的关键,射流钻头的性能是该关键技术要解决的首要问题。在多孔射流钻头的基础上,设计研制了自进式旋转射流钻头,分析了其工作原理,并通过试验对自进式单孔旋转射流钻头、自进式单孔直旋混合射流钻头、自进式多孔旋转射流钻头以及自进式多孔直旋混合射流钻头随时间、射流压力和喷距的破岩钻孔规律进行了研究。研究结果表明：当喷距范围为9~12 mm、射流压力为20~35 MPa时,在相同的射流压力和喷距条件下,自进式多孔直旋混合射流钻头的破岩效果优于自进式多孔旋转射流钻头,其中1＋4孔的多孔直旋混合射流钻头的破岩效果最好。设计得到的新型射流钻头可以提高径向水平井的钻进速度。

径向水平钻孔直旋混合射流喷嘴流场特性分析

为解决高压水射流径向水平钻孔时孔径和孔深相互矛盾的问题,设计了一种兼具直射流和旋转射流特点的直旋混合射流喷嘴。运用数值模拟方法,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对所设计喷嘴的内外流场进行了三维流动特性分析,运用高速摄影对射流结构和破岩特征进行了对比。结果表明,直旋混合射流喷嘴所形成的射流具有直射流和旋转射流特征,比锥形直射流喷嘴扩孔能力强、比旋转射流喷嘴钻孔深度大。直旋混合射流的轴向速度与直射流相比不存在等速核,与旋转射流相比轴心速度高,能够形成一定的钻孔深度,不会形成孔底锥起;切向速度沿喷嘴径向呈现"M"型分布,能形成较大的孔径;径向速度呈轴对称分布,存在明显的漫流层,有助于岩屑的脱离。流场特性模拟结果与实际破岩钻孔特征基本一致。

同轴直射流与旋转射流组合的双射流湍流流场数值模拟

直射流与旋转射流分别具有能量传递距离长与能量传递分布面积大的优点,为了尽可能的提高射流能量利用,本文提出了结合两者优点的同轴直射流和旋转射流组成的新型双射流。对淹没条件下的组合双射流流场特性,进行数值模拟研究。采用RNGk ε模型和高精度QUICK离散格式,得出了不同速度组合下双射流流场的直射流轴心速度衰减和旋转射流旋转速度衰减规律,速度矢量图,量化分析了射流结构对流场结构的影响。计算结果表明,在喷嘴压降一定时,存在三种轴心速度衰减曲线,当旋转射流轴向速度高于门限速度的情况下,射流衰减速度最慢。另外,直射流与旋转射流轴心衰减曲线存在很大差异,要提高双射流能量利用,内外喷嘴的流量分配至关重要。

旋转射流破岩成孔规律研究

在前期对旋转射流结构特性及流动特性研究的基础上,利用试验的方法研究了射流压力、喷距、岩石的渗透率及强度、添加剂的浓度等因素对旋转射流破岩效率的影响。同时,研究了岩石渗透率对旋转射流和普通圆射流影响的区别。研究结果表明:在同喷距同射流压力条件下,破岩效果随着岩石强度的减小、岩石渗透率的增加而增加;相比而言,岩石的渗透率在射流的破碎效果中起着主要作用;在相同射流压力条件下随着添加剂浓度的增大,岩石的破碎深度、破碎直径和破碎体积都表现出先增大后减小的变化趋势。本试验条件下的最优浓度为200～300mmp,随着渗透率的增大,旋转射流破岩成孔的效果明显优于普通圆射流的破岩成孔的效果。

喷射角度和喷嘴数对旋流冷却流动与传热特性的影响

针对喷射角度和喷嘴数影响旋流冷却流动和传热特性的问题,采用数值方法进行了研究。研究时冷气通过不同的喷嘴进口进入旋流腔并经旋流腔出口流出,当变化喷嘴数时,保持喷嘴进口在轴向上均匀分布。研究结果表明:冷气从喷嘴射入旋流腔,冲刷壁面并与轴向主流强烈混合,形成了高传热区域;换热强度在轴向和周向沿下游逐渐减弱,高传热区域在下游向出口偏移。喷射角度远离90°时,冷气旋流运动减弱,传热强度减小;随着喷嘴数的增多,冷气喷射速度减小,高传热区换热强度减小,冷气周向速度和靶面传热强度分布更为均匀;平均努塞尔数随着喷射角度和喷嘴数的增大而先增大后减小,在喷射角为90°、喷嘴数为9时平均努塞尔数最大;总压损失系数随着喷射角度和喷嘴数的增大而增大。与简单圆管旋流冷却模型相比,喷射角为90°、喷嘴数为9的旋流腔结构的换热特性更加优良。

新型直旋混合射流破岩特性及机理分析

为了揭示直旋混合射流的破岩机理,开展了直射流、旋转射流与直旋混合射流的冲蚀实验,并利用3DPIV测试系统获得了3种射流的速度场,通过对比分析相同靶距下冲孔深度及射流速度沿径向的分布规律,揭示了直旋混合射流的损伤破岩特性。结果表明,直旋混合射流可消除旋转射流的中心低速区和冲孔的中心凸台,该射流沿径向的分布宽度和破岩直径大于直射流,射流结构可分为直射流区、强旋射流区、弱旋射流区和外围射流区。直射流区的冲击破岩能力主要取决于射流能量;强旋射流区具有较大的径向和切向速度,当对岩石施加径向张力和周向剪力且在其合速度小于直射流的情况下,该区破岩深度仍可达到直射流区破岩深度;在弱旋射流区,受直射流和强旋射流的共同作用,岩石强度降低,但当三向速度均较小时亦能有效破岩;外围射流区主要是通过返回流携带岩屑对孔壁起磨削作用。

同轴旋转双射流冲蚀岩石机制与实验研究

同轴旋转双射流是一种新型高效射流,它综合旋转射流破岩面积大和直射流破岩深度大的优点,并在较高围压下能够利用空蚀提高破岩能力。运用实验的方法研究常压淹没和围压条件下喷距、射流压力以及围压对射流破岩能力的影响。实验结果表明,双射流在冲击破岩时存在最优喷距范围,该次实验条件下最优喷距约为喷嘴当量直径的13倍;增大射流压力可大幅提高双射流的破岩体积。压力超过15MPa时,破岩体积大幅增长。双射流的破岩体积和破岩孔深均随围压的增大而急剧减小,破岩孔径随围压的增大而减小的幅度相对较小。双射流冲蚀破碎岩石机制包括空蚀破坏、直射流冲击破坏、剪切破坏以及压力波动破坏。

旋流喷头的特性和用于溅渣护炉的分析

通过流体力学测试和冷态模拟实验，证明旋流铸铜喷头（三孔或四孔）具有良好的特性。安钢和酒钢使用旋流喷头后，化渣效果好，起渣时间提前１～２ｍｉｎ，冶炼过程平稳易控制，不易发生喷溅，供氧时间缩短近３ｍｉｎ，耗氧量降低５．７５ｍ３／ｔ。从冲击动力、喷溅量和流股特性等方面分析了旋流喷头的优点，可以满足溅渣护炉的要求，并能够提高溅渣的均匀性和效果。