The labyrinth seal in turbomachinery is a key element that restricts leakage flow among rotor-stator clearances from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The fluid-induced forces on the rotor from seals duri...The labyrinth seal in turbomachinery is a key element that restricts leakage flow among rotor-stator clearances from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The fluid-induced forces on the rotor from seals during machine operation must be accurately quantified to predict their dynamic behavior effectively. To understand the fluid-induced force characteristics of the labyrinth seal more fully, the effects of four types of pre-swirls on the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of a rotary straight-through labyrinth gas seal (RSTLGS) were numerically investigated using the proposed steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the three-dimensional models of the RSTLGS. The leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS for six axial pre-swirl velocities, four radial preswirl angles, four circumferential positive pre-swirl angles, and four circumferential negative pre-swirl angles were computed under the same geometrical parameters and operational conditions. Mesh analysis ensures the accuracy of the present steady CFD method. The numerical results show that the four types of pre-swirls influence the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The axial pre-swirl velocity remarkably inhibits the fluid-induced force, and the circumferential positive pre-swirl angle and circumferential negative pre-swirl angle remarkably promote the fluid-induced force. The effects of the radial pre-swirl angle on the fluid-induced force are complicated, and the pressure forces and viscous forces show the maximum or minimum values at a specific radial pre-swirl angle. The pre-swirl has a negligible impact on the leakage. The four types of pre-swirls affect the leakage, flow field, and fluidinduced force of the RSTLGS to varying degrees. The pre-swirl is the influence factor affecting the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The conclusions will help to understand the fluid-induced force of labyrinth seals more fully, by providing helpful suggestions for engineering practices and a theoretical basis to analyze the fluid–structure interaction of the seal-rotor system in future research.展开更多
Cracked straight-through Brazilian disc(CSTBD) samples prepared using two rock materials were used for thermal treatment from room temperature to 700℃. Uniaxial splitting experiments were performed using an automatic...Cracked straight-through Brazilian disc(CSTBD) samples prepared using two rock materials were used for thermal treatment from room temperature to 700℃. Uniaxial splitting experiments were performed using an automatic electro-hydraulic servo press to study the evolution laws of physical and fracture properties of different deep rock materials under high-temperature geological conditions. The fracture characteristics were measured using an industrial camera and digital image correlation technology to analyze the effect of high temperature on fracture properties and failure modes of the CSTBD samples after different thermal treatments. The micro-damage properties of green sandstone and granite materials were obtained using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The following conclusions were drawn from the test results:(1) With the increasing temperature, the fracture characteristics of green sandstone and granite change from brittle fracture to plasticity fracture, the longitudinal wave velocity of granite decreases sharply at 600℃, and the damage factor reaches 0.8748 at 700℃.(2) The fracture toughness of green sandstone and granite decreases with increasing temperature;however, the decreasing range of granite is larger than that of green sandstone.(3) As the temperature increases, the fracture morphologies of green sandstone and granite materials become rougher, whereas thermal damage cracks of granite and intergranular fractures inside sandstone as well as pores of sandstone increase.(4) The crack tip opening displacement and peak strain corresponding to peak load increase with the temperature.展开更多
为揭示交叉口车道的布设、交通流量、车辆所在时空位置等要素对直行车辆出口车道选择行为的影响,保障直行车流运行安全,运用专家知识和相关性分析确定了由最内侧直行车道中线偏移角、进口车道位置等10个影响因素组成的贝叶斯网络(Bayesi...为揭示交叉口车道的布设、交通流量、车辆所在时空位置等要素对直行车辆出口车道选择行为的影响,保障直行车流运行安全,运用专家知识和相关性分析确定了由最内侧直行车道中线偏移角、进口车道位置等10个影响因素组成的贝叶斯网络(Bayesian Network,BN)结构,采用数据驱动法进行了参数学习,建立了直行出口车道选择BN模型。经验证,模型的平均绝对偏差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Deviation,RMSE)分别为4.37%、4.96%,具有良好的精度。应用正向推理得到:影响直行出口车道选择的主要因素是进口车道位置、进出口车道数量匹配性、进出口车道选择不匹配比例、最内侧车道中线偏移角;引入情景分析法可有效预测进口车道平均流量等不同影响因素组合波动时出口车道利用率的变化,如直行车辆由最内侧进口车道驶入直行最内侧车道中线左偏移角为2°~4°的交叉口,在直行车流为>600~900辆/(h·道)、绿色信号倒数(Green Signal Countdown Display,GSCD)显示到达的条件下,选择最内侧出口道的概率为44.6%。研究结果为交通管理部门提供了直行出口车道选择的预测工具,为交叉口直行车流安全理论研究提供支持与参考。展开更多
加强市县级农业气象业务信息化与自动化建设,可有效提升直通式农业气象服务水平。本文面向基层气象为农服务需求,依托省级农业气象业务服务平台,构建基于Web-GIS的市县级农业气象业务服务系统。系统首先应用ArcSDE技术,将省级农业气象...加强市县级农业气象业务信息化与自动化建设,可有效提升直通式农业气象服务水平。本文面向基层气象为农服务需求,依托省级农业气象业务服务平台,构建基于Web-GIS的市县级农业气象业务服务系统。系统首先应用ArcSDE技术,将省级农业气象业务服务平台输出的农业气象监测、灾害诊断和利弊影响分析等数据产品,转换为空间数据库;采用ArcGIS Server for Flex API开发技术,在浏览器端实现对农业气象数据产品的空间分析。通过拓展省级农业气象周年服务方案、农业气象指标库及农业气象灾害防御对策等知识库,构建农业气象知识库在线维护与服务平台。并基于Internet平台,为县级气象为农服务人员,提供基础数据统计分析及省、市、县三级农业气象业务服务产品共享等功能。系统基于B/S结构,便于推广应用,可为基层直通式农业气象服务提供重要技术支撑。展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2012CB026006)
文摘The labyrinth seal in turbomachinery is a key element that restricts leakage flow among rotor-stator clearances from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The fluid-induced forces on the rotor from seals during machine operation must be accurately quantified to predict their dynamic behavior effectively. To understand the fluid-induced force characteristics of the labyrinth seal more fully, the effects of four types of pre-swirls on the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of a rotary straight-through labyrinth gas seal (RSTLGS) were numerically investigated using the proposed steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method based on the three-dimensional models of the RSTLGS. The leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS for six axial pre-swirl velocities, four radial preswirl angles, four circumferential positive pre-swirl angles, and four circumferential negative pre-swirl angles were computed under the same geometrical parameters and operational conditions. Mesh analysis ensures the accuracy of the present steady CFD method. The numerical results show that the four types of pre-swirls influence the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The axial pre-swirl velocity remarkably inhibits the fluid-induced force, and the circumferential positive pre-swirl angle and circumferential negative pre-swirl angle remarkably promote the fluid-induced force. The effects of the radial pre-swirl angle on the fluid-induced force are complicated, and the pressure forces and viscous forces show the maximum or minimum values at a specific radial pre-swirl angle. The pre-swirl has a negligible impact on the leakage. The four types of pre-swirls affect the leakage, flow field, and fluidinduced force of the RSTLGS to varying degrees. The pre-swirl is the influence factor affecting the leakage, flow field, and fluid-induced force of the RSTLGS. The conclusions will help to understand the fluid-induced force of labyrinth seals more fully, by providing helpful suggestions for engineering practices and a theoretical basis to analyze the fluid–structure interaction of the seal-rotor system in future research.
基金funding support from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 2021YJ0511)the State Key Laboratory for Geo-Mechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology (Grant No.SKLGDUEK2111)the Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. ZJRMG-2020-01)。
文摘Cracked straight-through Brazilian disc(CSTBD) samples prepared using two rock materials were used for thermal treatment from room temperature to 700℃. Uniaxial splitting experiments were performed using an automatic electro-hydraulic servo press to study the evolution laws of physical and fracture properties of different deep rock materials under high-temperature geological conditions. The fracture characteristics were measured using an industrial camera and digital image correlation technology to analyze the effect of high temperature on fracture properties and failure modes of the CSTBD samples after different thermal treatments. The micro-damage properties of green sandstone and granite materials were obtained using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). The following conclusions were drawn from the test results:(1) With the increasing temperature, the fracture characteristics of green sandstone and granite change from brittle fracture to plasticity fracture, the longitudinal wave velocity of granite decreases sharply at 600℃, and the damage factor reaches 0.8748 at 700℃.(2) The fracture toughness of green sandstone and granite decreases with increasing temperature;however, the decreasing range of granite is larger than that of green sandstone.(3) As the temperature increases, the fracture morphologies of green sandstone and granite materials become rougher, whereas thermal damage cracks of granite and intergranular fractures inside sandstone as well as pores of sandstone increase.(4) The crack tip opening displacement and peak strain corresponding to peak load increase with the temperature.
文摘为揭示交叉口车道的布设、交通流量、车辆所在时空位置等要素对直行车辆出口车道选择行为的影响,保障直行车流运行安全,运用专家知识和相关性分析确定了由最内侧直行车道中线偏移角、进口车道位置等10个影响因素组成的贝叶斯网络(Bayesian Network,BN)结构,采用数据驱动法进行了参数学习,建立了直行出口车道选择BN模型。经验证,模型的平均绝对偏差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)、均方根误差(Root Mean Square Deviation,RMSE)分别为4.37%、4.96%,具有良好的精度。应用正向推理得到:影响直行出口车道选择的主要因素是进口车道位置、进出口车道数量匹配性、进出口车道选择不匹配比例、最内侧车道中线偏移角;引入情景分析法可有效预测进口车道平均流量等不同影响因素组合波动时出口车道利用率的变化,如直行车辆由最内侧进口车道驶入直行最内侧车道中线左偏移角为2°~4°的交叉口,在直行车流为>600~900辆/(h·道)、绿色信号倒数(Green Signal Countdown Display,GSCD)显示到达的条件下,选择最内侧出口道的概率为44.6%。研究结果为交通管理部门提供了直行出口车道选择的预测工具,为交叉口直行车流安全理论研究提供支持与参考。
文摘加强市县级农业气象业务信息化与自动化建设,可有效提升直通式农业气象服务水平。本文面向基层气象为农服务需求,依托省级农业气象业务服务平台,构建基于Web-GIS的市县级农业气象业务服务系统。系统首先应用ArcSDE技术,将省级农业气象业务服务平台输出的农业气象监测、灾害诊断和利弊影响分析等数据产品,转换为空间数据库;采用ArcGIS Server for Flex API开发技术,在浏览器端实现对农业气象数据产品的空间分析。通过拓展省级农业气象周年服务方案、农业气象指标库及农业气象灾害防御对策等知识库,构建农业气象知识库在线维护与服务平台。并基于Internet平台,为县级气象为农服务人员,提供基础数据统计分析及省、市、县三级农业气象业务服务产品共享等功能。系统基于B/S结构,便于推广应用,可为基层直通式农业气象服务提供重要技术支撑。
