Possible Chinese Strategic Responses to the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement

Negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Partnership （TPP） Agreement have concluded, but the TPP still must be ratified by each of the 12 member countries. China is the world＇s second largest economy and yet it has not joined the TPP. This has provoked much debate in China as to the best strategic approach to the TPP This paper analyzes China＇s possible strategy for the TPP agreement. We make three key points. First, the security of market access should be China＇s main concern in any free-trade agreement negotiations, regrettably, it is not included in TPP. The second point is that the present TPP agreement is somewhat diminished from its ambitious original claims. We suggest four strategies for China. The first is to promote the development of China＇s remaining regional and bilateral free trade agreements （FTAs）. The second is to negotiate a bilateral FTA with the United States. The third is to promote deep domestic reforms via enlarged TPP coverage. The last is negotiating entrance to the entering do not worsen. TPP as soon as possible so that terms of

ZTE Establishes Strategic Partnership with Microsoft in Telecom Field

On September 25 2003, ZTE Corporation, thelargest listed telecom equipment manufacturer inChina, and Microsoft(China)Co. Ltd., the globalleading software supplier, signed a memo forstrategie cooperation in Beijing.The cooperation focuses on setting up a ZTE-Microsoft Software Teehnology Lab at ZTE. It willmake use of advanced technologies and products ofMicrosoft in the software platform field and ZTE’sample communication product lines to conduct co-operation in multiple communication product

Brazil and Indonesia:Horizons of a Strategic Partnership

There are many similarities between the national growth of Brazil and Indonesia.Both countries are rich in natural resources,play a vital role in the establishment of regional blocs,are members of G-20 and adhere to the principles of preventive diplomacy.The objective of this article is to show the role of the concept of strategic partnerships in the foreign policy of Brazil,whose international influence in the UN and other global structures is actively growing,and also to identify the characteristics of such partnership with Indonesia.Southeast Asia is becoming extremely important for the international economic system,and Indonesia,located on 17,000 islands,has an important geostrategic position,since all major sea routes in the Indian and Pacific Ocean pass through it.Indonesia is currently distinguished thanks to its steady economic growth,political stability,integration into the global economy,and increased activity on international platforms.Consequently,it is no surprise that Brazilian-Indonesian strategic partnership has started to manifest itself not only in the development of comprehensive ties,but also in the cooperation in upholding the ideas of sustainable development,disarmament,as well as the peaceful resolution of conflicts on the global level.The authors utilized a problematic-chronological method that allowed to analyze the areas of contacts between Brazil and Indonesia in the global arena,to find the problems and promising areas of partnership—including the oil and gas sector,the exchange of technologies,the creation of favorable investment climate,the coordination of activity in international organizations,and willingness to take into consideration mutual interests.

The Romania-US Strategic Partnership and the Security of the Wider Black Sea Region: Historical Landmarks

The Strategic Partnership,launched in 1997 with the purpose of becoming an advanced mechanism of bilateral cooperation between Romania and the United States regarding fields of strategic interest for both countries,is an important element of maintaining peace and stability in South-Eastern Europe and in the Black Sea area.The Partnership determined a substantial evolution of the bilateral relations based on an intense political speech,as an important aspect for the regional security,and promoted democracy near the Euro-Atlantic community.Romania’s relation with the United States,being focused on security aspects,proves its utility,considering that to this day the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union do not have a common strategic vision regarding the Wider Black Sea Region.This is due to conceptual differences and to the fact that,unlike Central and Eastern Europe—where the integrations of NATO and EU were linked,in the Black Sea area,the situation is different,having in mind that only Romania and Bulgaria have been part of these structures.This study’s purpose is to present both the evolution of this cooperation format between Romania and the United States in the last two decades and its relevance for the new regional security system.In the circumstances in which the events in Ukraine in 2014 lead to unprecedented tension(Post-Cold War)between the Russian Federation and the Occident,the USA’s involvement in ensuring the security of the extended Black Sea Region gains even more relevance.

TOWARD A 21ST CENTURY-ORIENTED SINO-US STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

Consensus has been reached on a broad range of issues between China andin striving for a lasting,stable,bilateral relationship during the firststate visit in 12 years by China’s head of state to the United States. The recentJiang-Clinton Summit plus the Sino-US Joint Statement jump-started the endeav-ors toward a constructive strategic partnership oriented to the 21st century. Indeedwhat lies in store for the relationship across the Pacific Ocean in the unfolding.

China-Russia Partnership and Competition Impact on Strategic Security in Asia

Russia and China are celebrating their“strategic partnership”,and have been vastly expanding their cooperation since 2014.Their close alliance is based on economic and geopolitical considerations.While it is mutually beneficial,it also has its limitations.China and Russia mostly agree with each other on structural issues such as redefining the parameters of international governance.However,they also continue to encounter disagreements and conflicts over conjectural issues such as energy and arms trade.We conclude that in the Asia-Pacific,China and Russia will likely develop a more comprehensive relationship that may have greater practical implications for the region's security and stability.China and Russia continue to seek to align their strategies more comprehensively against the backdrop of the evolving geopolitical environment by working to overcome existing disagreements and exploring new areas of cooperation.

Japan and India: Forging the “Strategic and Global Partnership”

From August 21 to 23, 2007, Shinzo Abe, then Japanese prime minister, paid a three-day visit to the Republic of

China-ASEAN Cooperative Diplomacy within a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership

Since the official establishment of the China-Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)dialog 31 years ago,the relationship between China and ASEAN has achieved fruitful results.The establishment of the China-ASEAN Comprehensive Strategic Partnership comes in a timely manner.Within this partnership,both China and ASEAN will face opportunities and challenges.Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership,public health governance,and the Belt and Road Initiative are important directions for cooperation between China and ASEAN in this new stage,and they are priorities for deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two entities.Changes in the international situation,the interference of states outside the region,and the idea of vaccine diplomacy,together with other propaganda that stigmatizes China,have led to a certain negative impact on China-ASEAN relations.On the whole,China-ASEAN relations are a model of regional cooperation for East Asia,showing strong vitality and development potential.Promoting regional cooperation through openness and inclusiveness,handling regional affairs through building consensus,and properly resolving differences by seeking common ground while shelving differences remain the guiding principles of China-ASEAN cooperation diplomacy.

Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partnership: Heading for Road of Solidity

Since the independence of Russia, Sino-Russian relations have been develop-ing all along in a progressive momentum. At present, the two countrieshave established the "21st century-oriented strategic cooperative partnership of e-quality and mutual trust". Serving the basic interests of both sides with solid po-litical basis, the state relationship of this new type has proved to be the bestchoice of the Chinese and Russian people for the further development of bilateralties in the 21st century. Its major characteristics are as follows: A. Strategic cooperative partnership is established on the basis of the com-prehensive and gradual development of the Sino-Russian relations.

Reflections on Sino-Russian Strategic Partnership

China and Russia announced“their resolve to develope a strategic partnership ofequality.mutual confidence and mutual coordination toward the 21stcentury" during President Yeltsin’s China visit in April 1996。 The partnership represents a new type of slate-to-state relations based on e-quality and mutual confidence.It aims at safeguarding each other’s national inter-ests and building a fair,just international political and economic order.It is charac-

Pushing Forward Sino-US Strategic Partnership

President Jiang Zeming’s U.S.visit together with Jiang-Clinton WashingtonSummit last October has worked out the direction and a basic framework forChina-U.S.relations in the 21st century.It represents a landmark in the annualsof bilateral ties between the two great nations.This is the first year,when bothshores of the Pacific Ocean are working hard to lay bricks for a constructive strate-

Continental Airlines and China Southern Airlines Announce Strategic Partnership

Frequent flyer reciprocity to start in September;coclesharing to start in November.

China＇s Strategic Partnership Diplomacy

One of the most distinctive features of China's recent foreign policy strategy is partnership diplomacy. It represents China's new approach to gaining influence over the global landscape. It is aimed at avoiding rivalry and conflict and reforming international relations to a more stable and friendly state. It also indicates China's intention to adopt a much more flexible and practical foreign policy. China will build a network of partnerships across the globe, forging a new kind of diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.

Challenges and Opportunities for China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership——from the Perspective of Different Ideas inside the EU on the China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Partnership

Although the EU President Van Rompuy expresses the belief that the EU-China strategic partnership and the people-to-people friendship will continue to flourish,more and more European intellectuals express their doubts about the strategic partnerships of EU-China relations.The reasons for the doubts are firstly European scholars place more emphasis on the differences between China and EU in ideology and political system;secondly,they believe that the establishment of the strategic partnership between China and EU was the result of EU and its Member States having implemented an "unconditional engagement" with China;thirdly,a series of differences between China and the EU on issues like trade,Africa,climate change in recent years.However the different ideas towards China EU strategic partnership have caused the partnership to face challenges as well as significant opportunities for development.

Strategic Partnership Between Private Organizations and Universities： The Search for Regional Development Through Solutions for Hospital Management

The public power and the private enterprise, the main agents of national economic and social development, when cooperating strategically, promote increased functional efficiency of their activities. In order to highlight the relevance of such partnership, this article aims to analyze the potential of actions jointly developed by private organizations and Brazilian universities. The research problem is lined in the field of health, which hosted actions developed between the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte （UFRN） and the Hospital Maternity Guiomar Fernandes （HMGF）, located in the city of Alexandria, in Rio Grande do Norte. The study emphasizes the shortcomings of this organization, the resolving power of the university in this scenario, and performs the analysis of the effects of this cooperation. The methodology used in this research was the case study in HMGF. With emphasis on fundraising and improving the informational management system, funding sources for projects of restructuring and expansion of the hospital were sought, as well as initiatives for developing hospital management softwares for small- and medium-sized organizations. As a result, the articulation between the university and the hospital provided the elaboration of a project for software development and the production of a project for physical restructuring and technological investment, aiming to expand the supply and quality of the hospital＇s services. The implementation of information systems, associated with investments in hospital infrastructure, providing increased efficiency in public assistance to the population, bringing both local and regional benefits, besides, providing the authorities with relevant data on the development of public policies.

Substantive Strategic Partnership

The China-Africa relationship has a solid platform from which to gain momentum in 2011 by Liu Wei The Chinese Government will help African countries to build 50 China-Africa friendship schools,admit 200 middle-and high-level African administrative personnel to MPA programs in China,and train 1,500 school headmasters and teachers for primary,secondary and vocational schools in Africa. The ambitious three-year plan is part of the follow-up action of the Fourth Ministerial Conference of FOCAC(Forum on China-Africa

Reevaluating Africa’s Strategic Partnerships

Africa＇s strategic partnerships are aimed at mobilizing the necessary financial and technical support for the implementation of regional and continental programs, including the recently adopted Agenda 2063 and its First lO-Year Implementation Plan. However, although the strategic partnerships have proven relevant in the past, their objectives, scope and modus operandi need to be regularly reviewed in order to make them more balanced, productive and action-oriented.