In the last decade, turbulent times and uncertainti es in the business environment have made ground for a new business era, and "chang e" has become a major characteristic of the new era. This has resulted i...In the last decade, turbulent times and uncertainti es in the business environment have made ground for a new business era, and "chang e" has become a major characteristic of the new era. This has resulted in tirele ss evolution of business systems and the creation of new manufacturing and manag ement philosophies. Agile Manufacturing (AM) is a step forward in generation of new means for better performance and success of business, and in practice is a s trategic approach to manufacturing by considering the new conditions of the business environment. This paper discusses the concepts and development of a met hodology to achieve agility in manufacturing organisations. Following an introdu ction of the subject of agility, a discussion of the methodology and practical t ools to support the implementation of the methodology, including metrics for the assessment of agility drivers, capability and performance are given. Aspects of the tools are tested in an aerospace company.展开更多
This study broadens perspectives of strategic planning procedures in hotels by analyzing hotel managers’perspectives on hotel strategy formulation and planning.The study was a descriptive quantitative study that targ...This study broadens perspectives of strategic planning procedures in hotels by analyzing hotel managers’perspectives on hotel strategy formulation and planning.The study was a descriptive quantitative study that targeted managers from various Kenyan hotels.180 questionnaires were returned from a sample of 280 hotel managers who had attended management development programs at a hospitality school.The primary goal of the study was to analyze two aspects of the strategic planning process:strategy formulation and strategic planning.The findings revealed that hotels in Kenya have developed methods and are keen on scanning their external environments.However,with the product offerings being so comparable,competitive analysis played an important role in the context.Creating a unique or specialty offering was not a popular option for most hotels.Cost-cutting was the most favored strategic inclination to achieve desired results.The balanced scorecard was underutilized in the sector.While managers were involved in the strategic planning process,other lower cadre employees were not,they were provided with the targets for the hotels’organizational goals to be achieved.The findings reveal that with similar products and services,the industry creates a hostile business climate with fierce rivalry and must invest in the most obvious alternative of cost reduction to survive.Alternative product innovation is not common in this industry for developing a differentiation approach that allows a property to control a market.展开更多
The Internet of Things （IoT） is still in its infancy because of the limited capability of its embedded processor. In the meantime, re- search on artificial intelligence （AI） has made plenty of progress. The applic...The Internet of Things （IoT） is still in its infancy because of the limited capability of its embedded processor. In the meantime, re- search on artificial intelligence （AI） has made plenty of progress. The application of AI to loT will significantly increase the capa- bilities of IoT, and this will benefit both economic and social development. In this paper, the elementary concepts and key tech- nologies of AI are explained, and the model and principle of intelligent IoT, denoted I^2oT, resulting from the integration of AI and loT are discussed. I^2oT will be the most promising version of IoT. Finally, recommendations for further study and standardization of I2oT are made.展开更多
Oral drug absorption is a process influenced by the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug and its inter-relationship with the gastrointestinal tract. Drug solubility, dissolution and permeabilit...Oral drug absorption is a process influenced by the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug and its inter-relationship with the gastrointestinal tract. Drug solubility, dissolution and permeability across intestinal barrier are the key parameters controlling absorption. This review provides an overview of the factors that affect drug absorption and the classification of a drug on the basis of solubility and permeability. The biopharmaceutical classification system(BCS) was introduced in early90's and is a regulatory tool used to predict bioavailability problems associated with a new entity, thereby helping in the development of a drug product. Strategies to combat solubility and permeability issues are also discussed.展开更多
文摘In the last decade, turbulent times and uncertainti es in the business environment have made ground for a new business era, and "chang e" has become a major characteristic of the new era. This has resulted in tirele ss evolution of business systems and the creation of new manufacturing and manag ement philosophies. Agile Manufacturing (AM) is a step forward in generation of new means for better performance and success of business, and in practice is a s trategic approach to manufacturing by considering the new conditions of the business environment. This paper discusses the concepts and development of a met hodology to achieve agility in manufacturing organisations. Following an introdu ction of the subject of agility, a discussion of the methodology and practical t ools to support the implementation of the methodology, including metrics for the assessment of agility drivers, capability and performance are given. Aspects of the tools are tested in an aerospace company.
文摘This study broadens perspectives of strategic planning procedures in hotels by analyzing hotel managers’perspectives on hotel strategy formulation and planning.The study was a descriptive quantitative study that targeted managers from various Kenyan hotels.180 questionnaires were returned from a sample of 280 hotel managers who had attended management development programs at a hospitality school.The primary goal of the study was to analyze two aspects of the strategic planning process:strategy formulation and strategic planning.The findings revealed that hotels in Kenya have developed methods and are keen on scanning their external environments.However,with the product offerings being so comparable,competitive analysis played an important role in the context.Creating a unique or specialty offering was not a popular option for most hotels.Cost-cutting was the most favored strategic inclination to achieve desired results.The balanced scorecard was underutilized in the sector.While managers were involved in the strategic planning process,other lower cadre employees were not,they were provided with the targets for the hotels’organizational goals to be achieved.The findings reveal that with similar products and services,the industry creates a hostile business climate with fierce rivalry and must invest in the most obvious alternative of cost reduction to survive.Alternative product innovation is not common in this industry for developing a differentiation approach that allows a property to control a market.
文摘The Internet of Things （IoT） is still in its infancy because of the limited capability of its embedded processor. In the meantime, re- search on artificial intelligence （AI） has made plenty of progress. The application of AI to loT will significantly increase the capa- bilities of IoT, and this will benefit both economic and social development. In this paper, the elementary concepts and key tech- nologies of AI are explained, and the model and principle of intelligent IoT, denoted I^2oT, resulting from the integration of AI and loT are discussed. I^2oT will be the most promising version of IoT. Finally, recommendations for further study and standardization of I2oT are made.
基金Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi for providing financial assistance under Women Scientist Scheme-A(SR/WOS-A/LS-248/2012)
文摘Oral drug absorption is a process influenced by the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug and its inter-relationship with the gastrointestinal tract. Drug solubility, dissolution and permeability across intestinal barrier are the key parameters controlling absorption. This review provides an overview of the factors that affect drug absorption and the classification of a drug on the basis of solubility and permeability. The biopharmaceutical classification system(BCS) was introduced in early90's and is a regulatory tool used to predict bioavailability problems associated with a new entity, thereby helping in the development of a drug product. Strategies to combat solubility and permeability issues are also discussed.
