Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation:Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.

Safety risk management of underground engineering in China：Progress, challenges and strategies

Underground construction in China is featured by large scale, high speed, long construction period,complex operation and frustrating situations regarding project safety. Various accidents have been reported from time to time, resulting in serious social impact and huge economic loss. This paper presents the main progress in the safety risk management of underground engineering in China over the last decade, i.e.（1） establishment of laws and regulations for safety risk management of underground engineering,（2） implementation of the safety risk management plan,（3） establishment of decision support system for risk management and early-warning based on information technology, and（4） strengthening the study on safety risk management, prediction and prevention. Based on the analysis of the typical accidents in China in the last decade, the new challenges in the safety risk management for underground engineering are identified as follows：（1） control of unsafe human behaviors;（2） technological innovation in safety risk management; and（3） design of safety risk management regulations. Finally, the strategies for safety risk management of underground engineering in China are proposed in six aspects, i.e. the safety risk management system and policy, law, administration, economy, education and technology.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor modifications: a promising strategy to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, a fatal, progressive, neurodegener- ative disorder, is the most common cause of old-age demen- tia, accounting for 50-75% of dementia patients. Early stages of AD are marked by vocabulary shrinkage, spatial disori- entation, depression, apraxia, and deterioration of recent forms of declarative memory. In course of time, the patients require close supervision due to the loss of cognitive and functional abilities, and at the terminal stages of the disease, all forms of memory are severely impaired with the patients needing nursing home care （World Alzheimer Report, 2013）.

Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to combat the recurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation

Thermal ablation(TA),including radiofrequency ablation(RFA)and microwave ablation(MWA),has become the main treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)due to advantages such as safety and minimal invasiveness.However,HCC is prone to local recurrence,with more aggressive malignancies after TA closely related to TA-induced changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment(TME).According to many studies,various components of the TME undergo complex changes after TA,such as the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells,the release of tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)and various cytokines,the formation of a hypoxic microenvironment,and tumor angiogenesis.Changes in the TME after TA can partly enhance the anti-tumor immune response;however,this response is weak to kill the tumor completely.Certain components of the TME can induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment through complex interactions,leading to tumor recurrence and progression.How the TME is remodeled after TA and the mechanism by which the TME promotes HCC recurrence and progression are unclear.Thus,in this review,we focused on these issues to highlight potentially effective strategies for reducing and preventing the recurrence and progression of HCC after TA.

India's “Link West” Strategy: Origin, Progress and Prospects

The "Link West" strategy is the inevitable result of India’s continuous improvement of its comprehensive national strength, representing an important tool to enhance its status as a major power. While its connotation and regional extension continues to develop, its overall effectiveness remains in question and requires further observation.

The current role of dendritic cells in the progression and treatment of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Dendritic cells(DCs)constitute a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting cells that are important for initiating and regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.As a crucial component of the immune system,DCs have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of CRC.DCs cross-present tumor-related antigens to activate T cells and trigger an antitumor immune response.However,the antitumor immune function of DCs is impaired and immune tolerance is promoted due to the presence of the tumor microenvironment.This review systematically elucidates the specific characteristics and functions of different DC subsets,as well as the role that DCs play in the immune response and tolerance within the CRC microenvironment.Moreover,how DCs contribute to the progression of CRC and potential therapies to enhance antitumor immunity on the basis of existing data are also discussed,which will provide new perspectives and approaches for immunotherapy in patients with CRC.

Recent progress in Ni-rich layered oxides and related cathode materials for Li-ion cells

Undoubtedly,the enormous progress observed in recent years in the Ni-rich layered cathode materials has been crucial in terms of pushing boundaries of the Li-ion battery(LIB)technology.The achieved improvements in the energy density,cyclability,charging speed,reduced costs,as well as safety and stability,already contribute to the wider adoption of LIBs,which extends nowadays beyond mobile electronics,power tools,and electric vehicles,to the new range of applications,including grid storage solutions.With numerous published papers and broad reviews already available on the subject of Ni-rich oxides,this review focuses more on the most recent progress and new ideas presented in the literature references.The covered topics include doping and composition optimization,advanced coating,concentration gradient and single crystal materials,as well as innovations concerning new electrolytes and their modification,with the application of Ni-rich cathodes in solid-state batteries also discussed.Related cathode materials are briefly mentioned,with the high-entropy approach and zero-strain concept presented as well.A critical overview of the still unresolved issues is given,with perspectives on the further directions of studies and the expected gains provided.

Progress and Development Strategy of Biomass Energy Utilization Technologies in China

I. Preface Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.

渐进式策略的多模态无监督实体对齐方法

当前的实体对齐方法,虽然利用知识图谱中实体间的结构信息取得了不错的对齐效果,但是忽略了实体间包含的大量侧面信息。这些信息具有唯一性特征,可以用于增强对齐效果。分析了实体侧面信息在实体对齐中的可用性,提出了一种无监督实体对齐方法,使用渐进式策略并融合图文信息。该方法通过融合实体的字面量信息和视觉信息,来增强实体的特征表示;采用双向阈值最近邻算法,过滤掉距离度量过高的实体对;引入渐进式策略,来动态增加相似度阈值,以控制对齐实体对的生成质量和生成速度;定义分配算法,以优化渐进式策略得到的结果。为了验证提出的方法,在DBP15K数据集的ZH_EN、JA_EN、FR_EN子数据集上进行实验,并与PSR、EVA、DATTI等10种方法的结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,该方法在ZH_EN和JA_EN子数据集的对齐任务上,Hits@1指标分别达到了95.7%和97.4%,在FR_EN上Hits@10指标达到了99.9%,性能表现较佳。

肠道菌群在肿瘤免疫治疗耐药中的作用机制研究进展

肠道菌群多样性和组成与肿瘤免疫治疗效果相关,但是肠道菌群影响肿瘤免疫治疗耐药的机制鲜少总结和归纳。该文不仅阐述了目前肿瘤免疫治疗耐药的临床现状,还概括分析了肠道菌群的组成和稳态与不同类型肿瘤免疫治疗耐药的相关性及调控机制,为肠道菌群改善肿瘤免疫治疗耐药的潜在靶点研究提供参考。

单肺通气致肺损伤的机制及保护策略研究进展

单肺通气(OLV)是临床常见的一种通气技术,能够有效隔离患侧肺,实现对非手术侧肺通气的目的。目前,OLV广泛应用于各类大型手术中,有效提高了手术的有效性与安全性。但OLV在应用过程中易造成肺损伤,常见的肺损伤类型有肺不张损伤、灌注性肺损伤、氧化应激肺损伤、手术操作致肺损伤、高容量肺损伤,多种类型的肺损伤发病机制具有复杂性,根据肺损伤机制临床可制定吸入合适的氧浓度、选择有效的通气模式、潮气量、持续正压气道、呼气末正压等一系列肺保护策略,能够逐步提高氧合功能,减轻肺损伤,加速肺损伤组织的修复。

水土保持碳汇研究进展与趋势

结合我国实现碳达峰碳中和目标的现实需求,强调人的“工作”在碳汇实现方面的作用,提出水土保持碳汇概念、内涵等。分析水土保持碳汇的机理探索与核算方法,并结合水土保持工程措施、林草措施、农耕措施等措施与碳汇之间的关系,介绍水土保持碳汇研究进展,探讨其未来发展趋势。

古龙页岩油勘探开发进展及发展对策

古龙页岩油是继常规油之后最为现实的接替资源,目前已经成为大庆油田增储上产的主要领域。通过系统阐述古龙页岩油勘探开发历程和分区带落实资源潜力,为古龙页岩油未来发展制定合理规划。结果表明:古龙页岩油主要经历了勘探评价、先导试验和扩大试验3个勘探开发阶段;富有机质页岩具有面积广、厚度大、生油能力强等特点,页岩油富集的物质基础雄厚;古龙页岩油纵向上主要富集于下油组(Q_(1)―Q_(4)油层)和上油组的Q_(9)油层,平面上具有全盆地分布的特征,在古龙凹陷深凹区地质条件最为优越;按照轻质油带核心区―斜坡区―稀油带―低熟页岩油的规划,逐步对古龙页岩油实施勘探研究及开发动用;基于原生源储的富集规律,建立了原位成藏理论,古龙页岩油提交了12.68×10^(8)t的预测地质储量及2.04×10^(8)t的探明地质储量,指导了国家级示范区及全国重点实验室建设;应用体积法估算轻质油带Q9油层资源量为9.6×10^(8)t,轻质油带Q_(2)―Q_(8)油层整体资源量为38.8×10^(8)t,三肇地区稀油带资源量达11×10^(8)t以上,能够有效支撑古龙页岩油革命行动目标。通过加强理论研究,推动技术进步,推进管理创新,实现降本增效,古龙页岩油必将成为大庆油田资源接续和百年油田建设的重要领域。

黄河河口治理战略实践及其研究综述

基于“战略”一词的概念定义,将黄河河口的综合治理归纳为防洪减灾安全、流路科学运用、泥沙调控处理、河流供给均衡、生态系统健康、人地系统协调发展等六大战略;系统梳理了各战略在河口治理中的实践历程和研究进展,总结分析各战略研究的适应性与局限性;在此基础上提出了今后开展黄河河口治理战略研究的主导方向。

美国进步主义时代“乡村生活运动”探析

进步主义时代以城市改革者为主体发起的“乡村生活运动”,是美国联邦政府“乡村振兴”战略的开端。从1908年成立的乡村生活委员会到后来组建的乡村生活协会,改革者逐步把“乡村生活运动”推向高潮。“乡村生活运动”改变了美国的乡村生产生活方式,促进了农业现代化,带动了乡村文化、教育和社会多方面的改革,并从另一个侧面折射出进步主义时代的改革成果。尤其值得注意的是,在“乡村生活运动”中,城市改革者与农民之间形成了良性的互动关系,进一步加快了美国的工业化和城市化步伐。但遗憾的是,美国“乡村生活运动”最终并没有完成“乡村振兴”的使命,而且运动发展过程中仍出现一些问题。在这个意义上,对进步主义时代“乡村生活运动”的研究,也有助于理解当时美国乡村振兴与社会变革之间的多元互动关系。

脊柱结核术后并发症的干预对策研究进展

临床上对于脊柱结核(STB)通常采取手术治疗以改善患者生存质量,但是术后易并发多种并发症,不仅对手术效果造成不良影响,甚至可危及患者的生命安全.对于术后并发症的干预,常规的干预模式已经无法满足临床及患者的需求.基于此,本文对STB术后并发症的干预对策进行综述,以期为临床制定科学、完善、有效的干预方案提供参考依据.

氢燃料电池混合动力汽车能量管理策略研究综述

氢燃料电池混合动力汽车的能量管理是整车控制的核心与关键,尤其是在提高燃料经济性和电池耐久性方面有重要作用。文中梳理了国内外基于规则、基于优化、基于学习和混合能量管理策略的研究进展,分析了各种策略的优势和局限。结果发现:规则型的策略易于实现,但适应性差;优化型的策略灵活性好,但计算复杂;学习型的策略自适应强,但需要大量数据支持;而国内外学者所提出的混合策略在氢燃料电池汽车氢耗量和电池寿命等方面更有优势。未来的研究会聚焦于结合不同策略的优势,将优化算法和机器算法引入基于规则和基于优化的策略,以及优化强化学习中的智能算法以提升整车性能。

固态电解质离子传输机制研究进展

全固态锂金属电池具有较高的安全性和稳定性,是替代传统锂离子电池成为下一代储能装置的理想选择。然而,固态电解质相较于液体电解液而言,其较低的离子电导率仍然是阻碍全固态锂金属电池得到快速发展的一个关键。综述了不同类型固态电解质离子传输机理,总结了提高固态电解质电导率的改进策略和最新研究进展,归纳了改善固态电解质离子传输性能的技术路线,并对未来新型固态电解质的设计与发展作了展望。

TBI后应激性肠屏障损害的研究进展

创伤性脑损伤后应激性肠屏障损害增加了患者的死亡风险,严重影响疾病预后,目前其发病机制和治疗策略仍不完全清楚。本文旨在总结创伤性脑损伤应激性肠屏障损害的病理机制和保护策略等关键问题的研究进展,发现肠上皮细胞通透性增加、紧密连接、内质网应激、细胞自噬、缺血再灌注损伤可能是创伤性脑损伤应激后肠屏障损害的主要机制。此外,本文还综述了迷走神经刺激、益生菌、外源性补充饥饿素、氧疗等对创伤性脑损伤后应激性肠屏障损害的保护作用。本文将为探索精准有效的创伤性脑损伤后应激性肠屏障损害防治提供新视角和干预靶点。

妊娠相关静脉血栓栓塞症的诊断和防治策略研究进展

妊娠相关静脉血栓栓塞症(pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism,PA-VTE)是目前孕产妇死亡的主要原因之一,PA-VTE为女性妊娠期及产褥期血液在静脉血管内出现异常的凝结,引起静脉血液回流障碍的一种疾病。由于妊娠期和产褥期孕产妇PA-VTE诊断和防治的复杂化,为避免PA-VTE诊断的延误以及不充足的防治策略所产生的不良后果,本文对PA-VTE的诊断和防治策略等方面进行综述。