Devonian Frasnian-Famennian Transitional Milankovitch Cycles and High-Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation

Four hierarchical cyclothems, superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae, have been identified from the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian carbonate strata in Guangxi, South China. Their hierarchical structures, ratio relationships and sequence in conodont zones are continuous and stable and can be traced across different facies zones and sedimentary basins. Our data show that hierarchically organized superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae correspond to the long eccentricity, eccentricity, obliquity or precession and sub-Milankovitch cycles respectively. Their periods were 400,000, 100,000, 33,333, 16,667 and 8,000–17,000 a, respectively. The ratios of long eccentricity to eccentricity, eccentricity to obliquity, and eccentricity to precession in the Devonian are 1:4, 1:3 and 1:6 respectively. Using these hierarchical Milankovitch cyclothems, chronostratigraphical division and correlation can be realized at a resolution of 100 ka or 10 ka at the Frasnian-Famennian transition. The time intervals of the Upper rhenana Zone, linguiformis Zone, and the Lower, Middle and Upper triangularis Zone are 0.6, 0.8, 0.3, 0.3 and 0.3 Ma, respectively. Sea-level changes of the Frasnian-Famennian transition were not coherent and synchronous at the resolution of 100 ka or 10 ka in the basin-slope carbonate sequences of Guangxi, South China.

Cycles of fine-grained sedimentation and their influences on organic matter distribution in the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

According to the theory of sequence stratigraphy based on continental transgressive-regressive(T-R)cycles,a 500 m continuous core taken from the second member of Kongdian Formation(Kong 2 Member)of Paleogene in Well G108-8 in the Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,was tested and analyzed to clarify the high-frequency cycles of deep-water fine-grained sedimentary rocks in lacustrine basins.A logging vectorgraph in red pattern was plotted,and then a sequence stratigraphic framework with five-order high-frequency cycles was formed for the fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Kong 2 Member.The high-frequency cycles of fine-grained sedimentary rocks were characterized by using different methods and at different scales.It is found that the fifth-order T cycles record a high content of terrigenous clastic minerals,a low paleosalinity,a relatively humid paleoclimate and a high density of laminae,while the fifth-order R cycles display a high content of carbonate minerals,a high paleosalinity,a dry paleoclimate and a low density of laminae.The changes in high-frequency cycles controlled the abundance and type of organic matter.The T cycles exhibit relatively high TOC and abundant endogenous organic matters in water in addition to terrigenous organic matters,implying a high primary productivity of lake for the generation and enrichment of shale oil.

Application of Milankovitch cycles in the restoration of highresolution deposition velocity of Neogene strata in Kutei Basin,Indonesia

Restoring the deposition velocity during evolution in basin analysis is an important aspect.The restoration of high-resolution deposition velocitydthe deposition velocity over a short geological perioddcan improve the precision of basin analysis and research.However,the prerequisite for the restoration is to establish an accurate chronostratigraphic framework based on precise stratigraphic dating.Conventional methods for stratigraphic dating can only be used to determine the epochs of large stratigraphic intervals rather than accurate geological time.It is also difficult to establish a fine geological time scale with dating methods requiring sample testing such as isotopic dating due to their limitations in sample collection.In contrast,the Milankovich cycle-based dating possesses the advantages of high precision and high operability and can be used to restore high-resolution deposition velocity.Based on the identification and extraction of Milankovich cycles,this study restores the high-resolution deposition velocity of the Middle Miocene and later strata in the abyssal area of the Kutei Basin in Indonesia.The results show that the restored deposition velocity coincides well with lithological sections.This indicates that the Milankovitch cycle-based dating can be used to effectively restore reliable curves of high-resolution deposition velocity.Therefore,this study provides a methodological basis and data guarantee for studying the accumulation cycles and distribution patterns of oil and gas in the abyssal area of the Kutei Basin using wave analysis technology and can also serve as a reference for similar research in other basins.

HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERMIAN IN THE WESTERN SHANDONG AND HUAINAN-HUAIBEI COALFIELDS

The sedimentary characteristics and their combination succession of the Permian in the Shandong nd Huainan-Huaibei coalfields are analyzed. The mid-and short-term stratigraphic base-level cycles are identified. High-resolution sequences are divided based on the above results. The study shows that the stratigraphic base-level cyclic method is an efficient way in the determination of the high-resolution sequences, especially in the classification of tbe terrestrial and transitional depositional succession.

Breeding and Simple-rapid Regeneration Protocol for Jisheng 1 with Glandless Trait and High-frequency Somatic Embryo Production Ability

Most of model cotton varieties used in tissue culture have glands on both the reproductive and vegetative parts of the plant.These glands contain compounds that are toxic to human and non-ruminant animals.The presence of these compounds limits their usage as food and feed.To obtain a glandless cotton variety with high-frequency somatic embryo production ability,27 glandless varieties

Correlation methods of base-level cycle based on wavelet neural network

The authors discussed the method of wavelet neural network （WNN） for correlation of base-level cycle. A new vectored method of well log data was proposed. Through the training with the known data set, the WNN can remenber the cycle pattern characteristic of the well log curves. By the trained WNN to identify the cycle pattern in the vectored log data, the ocrrdation process among the well cycles was completed. The application indicates that it is highly efficient and reliable in base-level cycle correlation.

渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷古近系沙三下亚段旋回地层学分析及地层划分

湖相细粒沉积多具有连续性,能记录和保存显著的天文旋回信号,是进行天文旋回分析的理想地层。通过对渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷重点井沙三下亚段自然伽马数据进行MTM频谱分析和FFT进化谐波分析,建立了“浮动”天文年代标尺,并在单井上进行了天文旋回地层划分及连井地层对比,为全区搭建了地层格架。研究结果表明:(1)渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷沙三下亚段记录了显著的天文旋回信号,匹配出最优沉积速率为9.0×103cm/Ma;由长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差周期产生的旋回地层厚度分别为42.3 m,9.0 m,2.4~4.7 m和1.3~1.9 m;(2)沙三下亚段比较稳定的记录了6个长偏心率旋回、25个短偏心率旋回,可将短偏心率曲线作为地层划分依据来进行高精度地层对比。(3)运用天文旋回理论进行岩相发育规律、岩相空间配置关系的预测,可为湖盆沉积中心页岩油气地质“甜点”的精细勘探提供依据。

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Permian--Triassia Boundary Section of Changxing, Zhejiang, Southern China

Three third-order sequences and about one hundred high-frequency cycles or Milankovitchcycles within the Late Permian Changxingian to Early Triassic Griesbachian are identified in theMeishan Section of Changxing, Zhejiang Province, southern China, the candidate stratotype sec-tion of the global Permo-Triassic boundary, based on a detailed study of the biological,ecological and high-resolution allochthonous cyclic events, microfacies and depositional systems.Furthermore, the stacking pattern of the depositional systems across various Changxingian andGriesbachian sedimentary facies of the Lower Yangtze and the sequence stratigraphic frameworkare outlined with the Meishan section as the principal section. In this paper the habitat types offossil biota are applied to semiquantitative palaeobathymetry and the study of relative sea levelchanges.

Why Terrestrial Stable Carbon-isotope Stratigraphy Works: a Review

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy launched since the early technological development of carbon- isotope measurement in 1950s, however, the emergence and advance of terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy took quite a long way. At early stage the exploration of carbon-isotope stratigraphy based on the marine biological shell carbonates was verified by repeatable carbon-isotope stratigraphic data, laboratory chemical experiments and the later laboratory foraminiferal culture experiments. The breakthrough for testifying the fundamentals of terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy lies on the synchronous fluctuations between the carbon-isotope stratigraphic curves derived from marine biological shell carbonates and those derived from terrestrial C3 plants. The character that carbon-isotope stratigraphic curves can be globally synchronously correlated over the marine and terrestrial/atmospheric reservoir mainly excludes the potential biasing factors, such as diagenetic bias, carbon-isotope variations in intra/inter individual plant in same species or between species, ecological changes, changes in aridity, changes in source input and representative sampling. Therefore, the fundamentals of terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy based on C3 plant successfully established. The terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy can be used for global stratigraphic correlation, reconstructing the evolution of atmospheric CO2 and can further verify the published global carbon-cycle models. The terrestrial carbon-isotope stratigraphy based on the compound specific biomarkers and single-grained pollen may be a promising perspective in future.

Paired δ^13Ccarb-δ^13Corg Evolution of the Dengying Formation from Northeastern Guizhou and Implications for Stratigraphic Correlation and the Late Ediacaran Carbon Cycle

This study provides δ^13C profiles from a lower-slope(Well ZK102)to basin(Bahuang Section)environment to better understand the temporal and spatial variability in δ^13Ccarb-δ^13Corg of the Yangtze Block during the Late Ediacaran.Our new δ^13C profiles together with the reported data suggest that the Upper Ediacaran successions from different depositional environments are generally bounded by negative δ^13Ccarb and/or δ^13Corg excursions in the underlying and overlying strata.Moreover,the Upper Ediacaran δ^13Ccarb profiles generally can be subdivided into two positive excursions and an interjacent negative excursion,whereas the paired δ^13Corg profiles from different depositional environments have individual variation trends.On the other hand,these data show a large surface-to-deep waterδ^13C gradient(~5‰variation in δ^13Ccarb,>10‰variation in δ^13Corg)which can be reasonably explained by the heterogeneity of the biological activities in the redox-stratified water column.Furthermore,the decoupled δ^13Ccarb-δ^13Corg pattern with large δ^13Corg perturbations at the lower slope precluded the existence of a large dissolved organic carbon reservoir at the Yangtze Block during the Late Ediacaran.Thus,the high δ^13Ccarb values in the Upper Ediacaran succession could be balanced by large amounts of buried organic carbon likely associated with high productivity.

基于地层沉积反演的深时海平面变化曲线恢复方法

目前常用的海平面曲线恢复方法主要是基于地层沉积的旋回性分析和同位素测量,受地层不完整性的影响较大,海平面变化恢复不够合理。本文基于全球海平面变化旋回与天文旋回、沉积旋回在时间周期上具有较好的多级旋回对应特征,提出了采用傅里叶变换多级正弦分解函数化海平面变化曲线,然后通过地层沉积反演求取函数化的全球海平面变化参数的方法。利用地层沉积模拟方法,求取了元坝地区长兴期的全球海平面曲线,与同时期的Haq曲线、Fischer方法获得的海平面变化曲线相比,具有更多的海平面变化信息,恢复的海平面变化更合理。傅里叶级数函数化海平面变化曲线不仅推动了海平面变化的定量化和函数化发展,还有利于用地层沉积反演求取海平面变化曲线。这种求取海平面变化的新思路,与传统的海平面变化恢复方法相比定量化程度高,对输入资料要求低,具有较好的适用性和更广的应用前景。

塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组年代标尺及地层剥蚀厚度精细计算

古地貌的精确恢复对于寻找优质储层及烃源岩优势相带起着十分重要的作用,而剥蚀厚度计算又是古地貌恢复研究中的核心步骤。基于自然伽马曲线数据,利用频谱分析、连续小波变换和经验模态分解等技术手段,建立了塔里木盆地巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组具有相对时间概念的“浮动”天文年代标尺和高精度的地层层序格架,并进一步精确计算了石炭系卡拉沙依组剥蚀厚度。结果显示:①巴麦地区石炭系卡拉沙依组沉积时受天文轨道周期的控制,保存有完整的米兰科维奇旋回;②经验模态分解方法得出的固有模态分量imf_(3)与长偏心率(e_(1))控制下的地层旋回个数基本一致,据此建立了研究区具有相对时间概念的“浮动”天文年代标尺和高精度的地层层序格架;③基于经验模态分解方法计算的结果,结合不同地区钻井缺失旋回数量和平均旋回厚度之间的关系,精确计算了研究区内石炭系卡拉沙依组剥蚀厚度;④研究区内石炭系卡拉沙依组剥蚀厚度在0~390 m,剥蚀强度整体表现为“西强东弱”的特征,中部BT5井附近斜坡区域,易形成良好的储集体,是下一步有利的勘探区域。研究提出的思路和方法为类似地区高频地层层序格架的构建、“浮动”天文年代标尺的建立及地层剥蚀厚度的精细计算等提供了参考。

基于米兰科维奇高频旋回的地层划分与对比方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系重点层系为例

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪构造活动频繁,中央古隆起将鄂尔多斯盆地分隔为盆地西缘和盆地中东部,两侧海域沉积体系和地层系统不同,导致盆地西缘奥陶系重点层系的小层划分困难。为解决此难题,利用米兰科维奇高频旋回对西缘奥陶系重点层系进行地层划分与对比。结果表明,基于米兰科维奇高频旋回识别层序界面的方法,利用自然伽马测井数据求得的累计旋回厚度偏差曲线拐点与三级-四级层序界面具有良好的对应关系,可以建立与鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系地层对接的、等时的地层格架;并在此基础上,通过分析累计旋回厚度偏差曲线的形态特征,将西缘奥陶系地层旋回划分为“中东部型”、“相对海进型”、“相对海退型”和“倒S型”四种类型。

陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义

高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术方法在陆相盆地层序分析中的应用 ,关键技术之一是识别和划分不同成因的界面与不同级次的基准面旋回。文中以数个不同构造性质的湖盆为例 ,在盆地构造—沉积演化序列中识别出 6种受不同因素控制 ,具不同成因特征、发育规模和识别标志的界面类型 ;以界面的成因特征及其差异性为依据 ,提出基准面巨旋回、超长期旋回、长期旋回、中期旋回、短期旋回和超短期旋回 6个级次的划分方案 ,建立了各级次旋回的划分标准和厘定了各级次旋回的时间跨度 ,并认为前 3个低频长周期旋回主要受构造因素控制 ,后 3个高频短周期旋回主要受天文因素控制 ;

松辽盆地南部火石岭组地层序列划分与区域对比

从火石岭组沿革分析入手,以松辽盆地南部双辽、长岭、德惠、王府和榆树等5个断陷钻遇火石岭组的42口深层钻井,以及营城煤矿226孔和50孔层型剖面和盆缘野外剖面为对象,通过岩性和连井地震剖面进行对比研究。研究结果表明:火石岭组可分为2个岩性段。火石岭组一段为深色泥质岩与灰色砂岩不等厚互层的正常沉积岩,断陷边缘多为粗碎屑沉积。火石岭组二段以火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹沉积岩为特征。火石岭组二段自下而上包含5个火山喷发旋回,分别为中性熔岩旋回、酸性火山碎屑岩旋回、中基性熔岩旋回、偏碱性的中性熔岩旋回、酸性熔岩旋回。

三级基准面旋回内三角洲砂体骨架模型的建立——以陕北安塞三角洲露头为例

三角洲砂体是中国陆相盆地最重要的油气储集层之一,建立层序地层格架内三角洲砂体骨架露头地质模型,对于三角洲砂体分布预测有重要意义。对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘多个延长组曲流河三角洲露头剖面开展了深入的高分辨率层序地层学研究,正确识别出以长61下部下切河谷底面以及对应整合面为界面的三级基准面旋回,构建了三级基准面旋回格架内三角洲砂体骨架原型模型,建立了三级基准面旋回内三角洲平原分流河道(河流)样式响应模式图。该项研究表明,三级基准面旋回过程中,不同基准面升降速率下分流河道发生规律性的下切、充填、迁移、漫溢及河型改变,控制了层序地层格架内三角洲砂体的类型、形态、规模和连通性。这对于认识三角洲砂体的分布规律,分析三角洲砂体形成岩性地层圈闭的条件有重要帮助。深入开展多种地质背景下层序格架内三角洲砂体分布规律研究,有助于实现三角洲砂体分布“成因上可解释、时空上可预测”的层序地层学研究目标。

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组层序地层格架与沉积相构成

运用高分辨率层序地层学的原理和方法,综合鄂尔多斯盆地野外地质露头、岩心、测井及地震资料,确定了层序界面的识别标志,在上三叠统延长组识别出不整合面和沉积作用转换面两种类型的层序界面。延长组发育7个具有等时意义的层序界面,将其划分为6个长期基准面旋回。根据短—中期基准面旋回的叠加样式,SQ1层序至SQ3层序基准面上升旋回地层样式总体上以长期基准面上升半旋回为主,构成"上升不对称"型旋回结构;SQ3层序基准面下降旋回至SQ6层序地层样式则以长期基准面下降半旋回为主,构成"下降不对称"型旋回结构。沉积相类型及其展布受基准面升降变化控制明显,沉积微相类型以(辫状)河流—(辫状河)三角洲前缘水下分支河道为主。有利储层发育于长期基准面旋回上升半旋回的早中期以及下降半旋回的中晚期。

海西-印支期中国南方的盆地演化与层序格架

加里东运动以后,扬子和华夏陆块拼合成统一的华南板块。自早泥盆世至中二叠世茅口期,华南板块和西边的三江构造区开始了以伸展作用为主的海西运动,中国南方的沉积、构造演化具有被动大陆边缘的性质,盆地类型则从陆内裂陷盆地演变为被动陆缘裂陷盆地。以东吴运动为标志,中国南方开始了印支运动,其板块活动转变为活动大陆边缘,进入到弧后盆地和前陆盆地阶段。因此,海西-印支运动构成了一个完整的构造旋回。据此,将海西-印支旋回划归为一个一级层序,再根据不同时期,盆地所处的演化阶段和盆地类型的差异,划分为6个二级层序。其中,二级层序SS1～SS5反映了海西期中国南方从陆内裂陷盆地到被动陆缘裂陷盆地所经历的初始拉张-拉张发展-停滞-成熟的全过程,而二级层序SS6却反映了印支运动早期弧后盆地和前陆盆地的形成发展历程。

南苏门答腊盆地北部新生代层序地层格架及有利储层分布

南苏门答腊盆地是在欧亚、印度洋-澳大利亚、太平洋三大板块交汇处发育起来的新生代弧后裂谷沉积盆地,经历了一次完整的海进—海退旋回。应用层序地层学的原理和方法,综合研究盆地北部钻井、测井及地震资料,确定4种层序界面识别标志,在盆地北部新生代始新世—中新世识别出2种类型层序界面:不整合面和沉积作用转换面。南苏门答腊盆地北部新生代始新世—中新世发育8个具有等时意义的层序界面,将其划分为7个三级层序。分析层序格架内基准面上升期与下降期地层叠加样式及沉积相构成特征,认为冲积扇、河流、三角洲和盆底低位扇等沉积体系是南苏门答腊盆地北部最重要的勘探目标,有利的岩性储集相带主要分布在基准面上升期,为后期盆地勘探的潜在领域,特别要重视对邻近不整合面或沉积作用转换面位置的储集层精细描述,选择有利相带进行钻探与评价。

扇三角洲沉积高分辨率层序对比及其对油藏开发的指导意义:以柳北油田Ⅳ_2砂组为例

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