DEFORMATION RIGIDITY OF ASSUMED STRESS MODES IN HYBRID ELEMENTS

The new methods to determine the zero-energy deformation modes in the hybrid elements and the zero-energy stress modes in their assumed stress fields are presented by the natural deformation modes of the elements. And the formula of the additional element deformation rigidity due to additional mode into the assumed stress field is derived. Based on, it is concluded in theory that the zero-energy stress mode cannot suppress the zero-energy deformation modes but increase the extra rigidity to the nonzero-energy deformation modes of the element instead. So they should not be employed to assume the stress field. In addition, the parasitic stress modes will produce the spurious parasitic energy and result the element behaving over rigidity. Thus, they should not be used into the assumed stress field even though they can suppress the zero-energy deformation modes of the element. The numerical examples show the performance of the elements including the zero-energy stress modes or the parasitic stress modes.

RESIDUAL STRESS AND DAMAGE MODE OF HARD Ti(CN)COATINGS

Using free bending method,the residual stress of the Ti(CN)coating on alloy Nb-752 wasmeasured to be 2-3 GPa of which the thermal stress cmounts to 10—20%.An analysis oncoating/substrate interface stress state shows that the share stress at it is about O.1—0.2GPa.The demage mode of the coating under external loading was proposed in terms of theamount and the direction of loading.

Orthogonal basic deformation mode method for zero-energy mode suppression of hybrid stress elements

为混血儿的一套基本变丑模式强调有限元素直接从元素排水量地被导出。由采用所谓的统一直角的条件，随后，一个新 orthogonalization 方法被建议。结果直角的基本变丑模式展出简单、清楚的物理意思。另外，他们不包含任何材料参数，并且能高效地因此被用来检验元素性能并且用作一个统一工具估计不同混合元素。此后，为假零精力的模式的鉴定的一条方便途径用一个灵活性矩阵的积极明确性质被介绍。而且基于在给定的起始的压力模式和直角的基本变丑模式之间的 orthogonality 关系，假定压力模式的一个其他的方法被讨论没有假模式提出一个混合元素。基本变丑模式的 orthogonality 是为假零精力的模式的抑制的足够、必要的条件，这被发现。2D 4 节点的数字例子四边的元素和 3D 8 节点具有六面的元素详细被说明表明建议直角的基本变丑模式方法的效率。

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF NEAR CRACK LINE FIELDS FOR MODE I CRACK UNDER PLANE STRESS CONDITION IN AN ELASTIC－PERFECTLY PLASTIC SOLID

ＥＸＡＣＴＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＮＥＡＲＣＲＡＣＫＬＩＮＥＦＩＥＬＤＳＦＯＲＭＯＤＥＩＣＲＡＣＫＵＮＤＥＲＰＬＡＮＥＳＴＲＥＳＳＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＩＮＡＮＥＬＡＳＴＩＣ－ＰＥＲＦＥＣＴＬＹＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＳＯＬＩＤＥＸＡＣＴＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＮＥＡ...

Effect of Strain Ratio on Fatigue Model of Ultra-fine Grained Pure Titanium

The ultra-fine grained(UFG)pure titanium was prepared by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rotary swaging(RS).The strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF)test was carried out at room temperature.The fatigue life prediction model and mean stress relaxation model under asymmetrical stress load were discussed.The results show that the strain ratio has a significant effect on the low cycle fatigue performance of the UFG pure titanium,and the traditional Manson-coffin model can not accurately predict the fatigue life under asymmetric stress load.Therefore,the SWT mean stress correction model and three-parameter power curve model are proposed,and the test results are verified.The final research shows that the threeparameter power surface model has better representation.By studying the mean stress relaxation phenomenon under the condition of R≠-1,it is revealed that the stress ratio and the strain amplitude are the factors that significantly afiect the mean stress relaxation rate,and the mean stress relaxation model with the two variables is calculated to describe the mean stress relaxation phenomenon of the UFG pure titanium under different strain ratios.The fracture morphology of the samples was observed by SEM,and it was concluded that the final fracture zone of the fatigue fracture of the UFG pure titanium was a mixture of ductile fracture and quasi cleavage fracture.The toughness of the material increases with the increase of strain ratio at the same strain amplitude.

Reliability Assessment Method Based on Interference Variable for Stress-Strength Model

Stress-strength model is a basic and important tool for reliability analysis.There are few methods to assess the confidence limit of interference reliability when the distribution parameters of stress and strength are all unknown.A new assessment method of interference reliability is proposed and the estimates of the distribution parameters are accordingly given.The lower confidence limit of interference reliability with given confidence can be obtained with the method even though the parameters are all unknown.Simulation studies and an engineering application are conducted to validate the method,which suggest that the method provides precise estimates even for sample size of approximately.

Experimental study on time-dependent stress and strain of in-plane shear(ModeⅡ) fracture process of rock

Shear-box test with strain measurement was used to study time-dependent stress and strain of in-plane shear(Mode Ⅱ) fracture process of rock and to reveal the mechanism of Mode Ⅱ fracture.Numerical results show that the maximum shear stress τmax at the crack tip is much larger than the maximum tensile stress σ1 and the ratio of τmax/σ1 is about 5,which favors Mode Ⅱ fracture of rock.Test results indicate that the strain-time curve comprises three stages:the linear deformation stage,the micro-cracking stage and the macroscopic crack propagation.The strain in the direction of the original notch plane is negative,due to restraining effect of compressive loading applied to the original notch plane.Both σ1 and τmax are increased as the load increases,but the slope of τmax is larger than that of σ1 and the value of τmax is always larger than that of σ1.Therefore,τmax reaches its limited value at peak load before σ1 and results in Mode Ⅱ fracture of rock.Shear-box(i.e.compression-shear) test becomes a potential standard method for achieving the true Mode Ⅱ fracture and determining Mode Ⅱ fracture toughness of rock.

Maximum twin shear stress factor criterion for sliding mode fracture initiation

Previous researches on the mixed mode fracture initiation criteria were mostly focused on opening mode fracture. In this study, the authors proposed a new criterion for mixed mode sliding fracture initiation, which is the maximum twin shear stress factor criterion. The authors studied a finite width plate with central slant crack, subject to a far field uniform uniaxial tensile or compressive stress.

Simultaneous Multimode Oscillation of Stress-Compensated Cut Quartz Resonator with Narrow-Band Wide Variable-Range Quartz Crystal Oscillator

A multimode-quartz-crystal oscillator was developed to excite stable dual-mode resonance at different frequencies: The oscillation of the 3rd harmonic resonance of the principle C-mode and an additional resonance B-mode of SC-cut crystal. Harmonic combinations of the 3rd and fundamental mode of B-mode with the 3rd harmonics of C-mode are demonstrated. The measurement of the temperature dependence of the oscillation frequency is demonstrated along with the stability determined by root Allan variance. Dependence on the open conductance of the active circuit and the dependence on the coupling capacitors are discussed.

八种植物提取物对MODE-K细胞抗氧化能力的影响

该试验旨在评价基于脂多糖(LPS)诱导MODE-K细胞氧化应激模型评价8种植物提取物的抗氧化能力。采用CCK8法检测细胞存活率筛选建模条件。用ELISA法检测细胞炎性因子白介素6(IL-6)、活性氧(ROS)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)和还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)的表达量,用qPCR法检测细胞中HO-1 mRNA的表达量。结果显示:与对照组相比,40μg/mL的LPS处理细胞1 h后极显著降低细胞活率(P<0.01);显著提高IL-6、ROS、LDH、MDA表达量(P<0.05),极显著提高HO-1 mRNA的表达(P<0.01),显著降低SOD(P<0.01)与NADH活性(P<0.05);与模型组相比,紫苏籽与虎杖提取物组的MDA表达量均显著降低(P<0.05),NADH与HO-1 mRNA表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),其余6种提取物并未表现出显著差异。综上,8种植物提取物中,紫苏籽与虎杖提取物(20μg/mL)使MODE-K细胞抗氧化作用提升,且紫苏籽效果优于虎杖。

Mode-I-crack compression modeling and numerical simulation for evaluation of in-situ stress around advancing coal workfaces

The relatively high stress probably leads to generation of a fractured or even instable area around a working coalface. Also, the generated weak area often evolves into an easy-infiltrating field of water/gas to greatly increase probability of accident occurrence. To reveal the distribution of high stress around working faces, we put forward the mode-I-crack compression model. In this model, the goaf following a working face is regarded as a mode-I crack in an infinite plate, and the self-gravity of overlaying strata is transformed into an uniform pressure applied normal to the upper edge of the model crack. Solving this problem is based on the Westergaard complex stress function. For comparison, the software RFPA-2D is also employed to simulate the same mining problem, and furthermore extendedly to calculate the stress interference induced by the simultaneous advances of two different working faces. The results show that, the area close to a working face or the goaf tail has the maximum stress, and the stress is distributed directly proportional to the square root of the advance and inversely proportional to the square root of the distance to the working face. The simultaneous advances of two neighboring working faces in different horizontals can lead to extremely high resultant stress in an interference area.

基于ABAQUS平台考虑T应力的Ⅰ型裂纹扩展模拟开发

工程结构在制造工艺过程中或使用期间会产生裂纹,对结构断裂路径的预测和研究是防治工程安全问题发生的重要手段。在考虑裂纹尖端应力场常数项T应力的基础上对传统的最大周向应力准则(Maximum tangential stress criterion,MTS)和最小应变能密度因子准则(Minimum strain energy density criterion,SED)进行修正,采用Python语言对ABAQUS的前、后处理和有限元计算模块进行二次开发,通过计算最优解的粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)将修正后的准则编入裂纹自动扩展程序脚本中。利用上述二次开发程序对初始纯Ⅰ型裂纹的扩展路径进行模拟,结果表明:采用ABAQUS脚本程序模拟结果与相关文献实验结果吻合,表明了程序的有效性,进而实现考虑T应力的多种断裂准则对裂纹扩展路径的预测;当T应力值处于一定范围内时,修正的MTS准则无法预测裂纹发生的偏转现象,扩展路径呈直线,此时可采用修正的SED准则进行预测。

富水软弱围岩劈裂型注浆加固体力学性能与破坏模式

富水软弱围岩劈裂型注浆加固体的力学性能与破坏模式对注浆整体效果具有显著影响。基于室内注浆模拟试验、劈裂型注浆加固体三轴压缩试验和相应的离散元数值模拟,研究劈裂浆脉形态与空间分布特征及注浆加固规律,分析浆脉粗糙度、厚度、数量和倾角对注浆加固体力学性能与破坏模式的影响,阐明三轴加载条件下加固体内部孔隙率和微裂纹演化规律。研究结果表明:劈裂浆脉空间分布模式主要包括半贯通型、交叉型和贯通型,注浆影响区域可分为加固区、过渡区和未扰动区;浆脉存在有效提升了加固体的整体刚度和承载力,加固体峰值偏应力与浆脉粗糙度、厚度、数量呈正相关关系,而浆脉倾角增大会导致整体强度降低;加固体破坏模式主要有局部膨胀型和剪切滑移型,受浆脉形态特征影响,二者对整体变形破坏的贡献程度不同;在加载过程中,浆-土界面处首先萌生微裂纹,进而浆脉两侧软弱介质被压缩挤密后出现大量微裂纹,裂纹数量持续增多直至试样破坏;加固体孔隙率与微裂纹萌生数量变化规律均呈现明显的阶段性特征,且受浆脉形态特征影响显著。

马铃薯通用应激蛋白StUSP基因家族的鉴定及逆境表达模式分析

在全基因组和转录组水平系统鉴定马铃薯USP通用应激蛋白基因家族,并对该家族成员的基本特征及其在不同逆境胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。同时以马铃薯干旱耐受型品种‘陇薯10号’(L)和干旱敏感型品种‘大西洋’(D)为试验材料,利用高通量测序全面分析StUSP家族成员在干旱胁迫下的表达特性,筛选干旱胁迫关键差异表达基因。结果表明:马铃薯基因组中共有42个基因编码含有USP结构域的蛋白质,在11条染色体上不对称分布,且主要分布在1~6号染色体上。绝大多数StUSPs含有多个内含子。胁迫表达分析显示StUSPs能够响应多种非生物胁迫,且在干旱耐受性不同的马铃薯品种中差异表达。同时,利用qRT-PCR分析了12个成员干旱胁迫下表达模式,除StUSP12、StUSP22下调表达外,其余10个基因均正响应干旱胁迫。

基于数字图像技术的致密砂岩纯剪裂缝断裂过程实验

纯剪应力状态下致密砂岩断裂过程是理解致密砂岩破坏失效机理的关键,然而在纯剪应力状态下,初始裂缝是发育扩展为I型裂缝或II型裂缝却一直有所争议。本文基于新型光学测量技术数字图像相关法和双切边压缩实验理论方法,开展了双切边压缩实验并通过数字图像相关法得到了位移和应变场。实验结果表明:双边开槽压缩实验能在槽尖(预制裂缝尖端)产生纯剪应力状态;致密砂岩试件起裂过程包含2个阶段的I型裂缝,第一阶段裂缝从槽尖起裂,第二阶段裂缝从试件中心两槽尖相连区域起裂。本文研究成果为数字图像技术应用在岩石断裂力学领域提供了新思路,对分析水力压裂中致密砂岩纯剪裂缝的演化规律有一定参考价值。

T应力作用下的J积分理论研究

T应力是表征裂尖应力场所必需的物理量之一,在其作用下J积分的性质有待研究。推导了J积分在考虑T应力情况下的表达式,采用数值模拟方法在Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅰ+Ⅱ复合型加载工况下对该表达式进行验证,给出一种基于J积分的裂尖应力场参数计算方法。理论推导证明,J1积分的路径守恒性不受T应力影响,但J2积分的数值与积分路径起止点到裂尖距离r的平方根之间满足线性关系,J2-r曲线的系数与T应力相关。有限元仿真结果表明,试样裂纹长度对J积分的影响较为显著,网格尺寸对J积分计算结果的影响很小;相同载荷工况下,不同尺寸试样的J积分数值不同,但J2-r曲线的变化趋势与理论推导的表达式相符;在Ⅱ型和Ⅰ+Ⅱ复合型载荷工况下,T应力的求解精度较高,而在Ⅰ型载荷工况下,J2≈0,受舍入误差等因素影响,求解精度降低。

循环荷载下双裂隙砂岩弹性模量及裂纹动态演化

为研究不同岩桥倾角砂岩在循环荷载作用下的弹性模量变化和裂纹动态演化规律,对裂隙倾角固定为45°,岩桥倾角分别为15°,45°,75°,90°,105°的砂岩试件开展了单轴循环加、卸载试验和PFC^(2D)模拟.结果表明,不同裂隙砂岩的弹性模量随循环荷载作用得到了明显的强化;在循环荷载作用下,应力-应变曲线与离散元模拟得到的试件瞬时微裂纹演化曲线存在对应关系;岩桥倾角对砂岩的破坏模式有影响,PFC^(2D)模拟的裂纹动态演化可以合理地反映岩石中裂纹的萌生位置、扩展方向.基于微裂纹数目所定义的损伤与破坏模式很好地对应,岩桥倾角为45°时原始损伤是最大的.

准中深层砂岩脆性及其对岩石破裂模式的影响规律

致密砂岩储层由于埋深大,受机械压实、溶蚀、交代等成岩作用的强烈影响,岩性特征十分复杂。随着油气资源勘探开发不断向深部储层发展,深层高地应力、高围压对储层脆塑性的影响严重左右了水力压裂效果和油气资源产量。准中深层致密砂岩油藏储量丰富,但由于储层埋深大、物性差且围压异常高,同时对其原位地质力学岩心脆性变化规律认识受限,使得传统油气开采手段无法满足生产需求。为此,结合物理实验和数值模拟技术,开展准中深层岩心的岩石力学特征、脆塑性转化、破裂模式及声发射特征差异性研究。结果表明:随着围压增加,岩石从脆性破坏逐渐过渡为塑性破坏,且破裂模式由劈裂破坏向剪切破坏转变,砂岩脆性减弱;基于能量平衡方法和归一化处理的6种脆性指数所反映的砂岩脆性总体上呈下降趋势,但不同脆性指数的数值范围以及与脆性的相关性各异。不同脆性数值岩心模型的三轴压缩实验表明:当脆性矿物含量较低时,岩石呈现单斜面剪切破坏;随着脆性矿物含量增加,岩石破裂表现为多破裂面复合破坏模式。岩石破裂过程的声发射特征与其脆性存在相关性,主要呈现群震型、前震-主震-后震型和主震型3种模式。

藜麦热激蛋白60(CqHSP60)基因家族生物信息学和表达模式分析

为了探究藜麦HSP60基因(CqHSP60)的结构特征、基因功能和表达模式,基于藜麦全基因组和转录组数据,利用生物信息学方法对CqHSP60基因家族进行鉴定和系统分析。依据亚细胞结构定位分为了三个亚组,每个亚组具有相似的Motif和基因结构;通过RNA-Seq数据对CqHSP60基因在不同发育阶段进行了表达分析,并对在热、干旱、盐胁迫等不同处理条件下CqHSP60基因的胁迫响应进行了分析,结果表明CqHSP60基因在花簇和干种子中表达量较高,并对不同的胁迫模式均有响应;在CqHSP60基因的启动子区发现了多个与胁迫相关的顺式调控元件,这表明这些基因在多重胁迫下受到应激响应。

米字形填充正方形蜂窝异面平台应力

目的研究冲击速度和结构参数对米字形填充正方形蜂窝异面平台应力的影响规律。方法利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立该蜂窝可靠的基于胞元阵列的异面冲击分析有限元模型;基于简化的超折叠单元理论推导该蜂窝的准静态平台应力理论公式,理论值与仿真值相吻合验证理论公式的正确性。对不同壁厚边长比的蜂窝,在不同冲击速度下进行异面冲击仿真分析,利用LS-PrePost软件处理得到相应的接触力-位移曲线,进一步处理得到变形模式和平台应力,并以图表的形式加以展示与分析。结果不同冲击速度下结构参数固定的蜂窝表现出LS、MS和HS等3种不同的异面冲击变形模式,从LS模式转变到MS模式再到HS模式的临界速度分别约为20 m/s和150 m/s;壁厚边长比对变形模式的影响可忽略。结论该蜂窝动态平台应力随冲击速度(或壁厚边长比)的增加而增大,且增长速率不断提高。当其他参数固定时,LS模式和MS模式下该蜂窝的动态平台应力与冲击速度呈二次函数关系,HS模式下动态平台应力与冲击速度的平方呈线性关系;动态平台应力与壁厚边长比呈幂函数关系。基于仿真计算结果,得到了该蜂窝动态平台应力的经验表达式。