PREDICTION OF FLOW STRESS OF HIGH-SPEED STEEL DURING HOT DEFORMATION BY USING BP ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

The hot deformation behavior of TI (18W-4Cr-1V) high-speed steel was investigated by means of continuous compression tests performed on Gleeble 1500 thermomechan- ical simulator in a wide range of tempemtures (950℃-1150℃) with strain rotes of 0.001s-1-10s-1 and true strains of 0-0. 7. The flow stress at the above hot defor- mation conditions is predicted by using BP artificial neural network. The architecture of network includes there are three input parameters:strain rate,temperature T and true strain , and just one output parameter, the flow stress ,2 hidden layers are adopted, the first hidden layer includes 9 neurons and second 10 negroes. It has been verified that BP artificial neural network with 3-9-10-1 architecture can predict flow stress of high-speed steel during hot deformation very well. Compared with the prediction method of flow stress by using Zaped-Holloman parumeter and hyperbolic sine stress function, the prediction method by using BP artificial neurul network has higher efficiency and accuracy.

Evaluation of Residual Stresses Induced by High Speed Milling Using an Indentation Method

In this work, a recently developed method based on the change of distance between collinear indents is used to evaluate different states of residual stress, which were generated in samples of AA 6082-T6 and AA 7075-T6 aluminium alloys milled at high speed. One of the advantages of this method, which needs a universal measuring machine, is not requiring neither the use of specific equipment nor highly skilled operators. Also, by integrating an indentation device to the mentioned machine, the absolute error of measurement can be reduced. In results obtained in samples subjected to different cutting conditions it is observed a correlation between the stress values and the depth of cut, showing the AA 6082-T6 alloy higher susceptibility to be stressed. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of the method allowed detecting very small differences in the values reached by different normal components in the zones corresponding to climb and conventional cutting. It is important to note that these differences were similar for both evaluated alloys. Finally, the directions associated with the principal components of residual stress, where maximum local plastic stretching occurs, were found to be strongly dependent on the rolling direction prior to machining.

Methodology to Evaluate Fatigue Damage of High-Speed Train Welded Bogie Frames Based on On-Track Dynamic Stress Test Data

The current method of estimating the fatigue life of railway structures is to calculating the equivalent stress amplitude based on the measured stress data. However, the random of the measured data is not considered. In this paper, a new method was established to compute the equivalent stress amplitude to evaluate the fatigue damage based on the measurable randomness, since the equivalent stress is the key parameter for assessment of structure fatigue life and load derivation. The equivalent stress amplitude of a high-speed train welded bogie frame was found to obey normal distribution under uniform operation route that verified by on-track dynamic stress data, and the proposed model is, in effect, an improved version of the mathematical model used to calculate the equivalent stress amplitude. The data of a long-term, on-track dynamic stress test program was analyzed to find that the normal distribution parameters of equivalent stress amplitude values differ across different operation route. Thus, the fatigue damage of the high-speed train welded bogie frame can be evaluated by the proposed method if the running schedule of the train is known a priori. The results also showed that the equivalent stress amplitude of the region connected to the power system is more random than in other regions of the bogie frame.

Techniques for improving computational speed in numerical simulation of casting thermal stress based on finite difference method

Finite difference method (FDM) was applied to simulate thermal stress recently, which normally needs a long computational time and big computer storage. This study presents two techniques for improving computational speed in numerical simulation of casting thermal stress based on FDM, one for handling of nonconstant material properties and the other for dealing with the various coefficients in discretization equations. The use of the two techniques has been discussed and an application in wave-guide casting is given. The results show that the computational speed is almost tripled and the computer storage needed is reduced nearly half compared with those of the original method without the new technologies. The stress results for the casting domain obtained by both methods that set the temperature steps to 0.1 ℃ and 10 ℃, respectively are nearly the same and in good agreement with actual casting situation. It can be concluded that both handling the material properties as an assumption of stepwise profile and eliminating the repeated calculation are reliable and effective to improve computational speed, and applicable in heat transfer and fluid flow simulation.

Effect of Increasing Speed on Stress of Biaxial Bogie Frames

Increasing the trains’ speed has always been one of the goals of any railway industry and train manufacturers. Also, the influence of the train speed on bogie’s dynamics has an immense importance. Therefore, it is important to analyze the effect of train speed on the stress distribution in different parts of train structure. In this study the result of the increasing speed on the applied stresses of a biaxial bogie frame has been examined. For this purpose, a biaxial bogie frame has been modeled using finite element analysis. Static and dynamic forces applied on the bogie with biaxial frame have been obtained for different speeds and rail roughness. The Von Mises stresses are adopted as equivalent stresses in the strength calculation. The results show that maximum stress always has been induced in the bogie bowl also the increase in bogie’s speed has remarkable effect on the increment of applied stresses in the bogie frame.

Analysis of stress and natural frequencies of high-speed spatial parallel mechanism

In order to grasp the dynamic behaviors of 4-UPS-UPU high-speed spatial parallel mechanism, the stress of driving limbs and natural frequencies of parallel mechanism were investigated. Based on flexible multi-body dynamics theory, the dynamics model of 4-UPS-UPU high-speed spatial parallel mechanism without considering geometric nonlinearity was derived. The stress of driving limbs and natural frequencies of 4-UPS-UPU parallel mechanism with specific parameters were analyzed. The relationship between the basic parameters of parallel mechanism and its dynamic behaviors, such as stress of driving limbs and natural frequencies of parallel mechanism, were discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the stress and natural frequencies are relatively sensitive to the section parameters of driving limbs, the characteristic parameters of material on driving limbs, and the mass of moving platform. The researches can provide important theoretical base of the analysis of dynamic behaviors and optimal design for high-speed spatial parallel mechanism.

波形钢腹板梁焊接残余应力分布及试验验证

为研究波形钢腹板梁焊接残余应力的分布规律,通过有限元软件建立其三维热弹塑性模型,利用热-力耦合分析技术对其焊接温度场和应力场进行有限元数值仿真,采用双椭球体热源和修改单元材料属性的方法实现能量输入和焊缝填充,并将模拟计算结果与实测值进行对比分析.结果表明:有限元预测的波形钢腹板梁残余应力分布与实测结果具有相同趋势,在波形钢腹板梁焊缝的弯折角处,残余应力发生一定幅度的连续应力波动;底板和腹板的残余应力峰值均出现在焊缝中心区域,其值分别为材料屈服强度的1.30倍和1.26倍;底板纵向残余拉应力在焊缝中心线两侧78 mm范围内急速下降后缓慢过渡为压应力,在底板较窄一侧压应力线性增大,最大值约为材料屈服强度的0.61倍;在底板较宽一侧压应力线性减小,并在边缘处转化为拉应力;焊接速度对残余应力分布扰动不大,而对残余应力峰值影响较显著;当焊接速度从150 mm/min增加至250 mm/min时,横向和纵向的残余应力最大值分别增加了27.11%和5.88%.

织构化盘式摩擦副性能及优化设计研究

为探索提高盘式摩擦副抗摩擦磨损性能的有效途径,以斜盘柱塞泵配流副为研究对象,综合运用仿真分析及试验研究方法对比分析了面积织构率和截深形状相同条件下,椭圆开口和圆形开口离散凹坑微织构及沟槽形微织构配流副的摩擦因数随织构形貌、转速和压力的变化规律。研究结果表明:摩擦因数随转速的增大而显著降低,随压力的增大而降低,椭圆开口离散凹坑微织构为三种微织构中提高配流副性能最优者。对椭圆开口离散凹坑微织构进行多目标参数优化,得出的最优参数为:椭圆开口长轴半径为452μm、短半轴为187μm、径向中心距为0.7 mm。试验结果表明,优化后的织构在不同工况下较优化前摩擦因数和磨损量均有不同程度的降低。

锥面分段开孔高速刀柄的设计方法

根据高速刀柄在不同过盈量下的联接性能分析结果与不同转速下的锥面接触应力分布规律,提出了一种锥面分段开孔高速刀柄的设计方法,即对刀柄定位锥面按照锥体素线长度均等分成前、中、后三段,并在各段的中等分处周向均布一组盲孔,通过调控盲孔的数量与尺寸使刀柄锥面达到一定的柔度。文章阐述了盲孔开设参数对锥面接触应力、柔度的影响规律和参数确定原则,给出了以HSK-E50为原型的锥面分段开孔设计案例,采用有限元分析其极限转速和锥面接触应力分布情况。结果表明,锥面分段开孔刀柄与原型刀柄相比,极限转速提高了约10.79%,锥面接触应力分布显著均匀。

采空区场地高速铁路路基动力响应离散元数值模拟分析

目的高速铁路穿越采空区场地存在重大安全隐患,为探讨采空区场地高速铁路路基的动力响应规律,方法利用3DEC离散元软件建立17组采空区场地高速铁路路基数值模型,分析不同列车荷载作用下路基内部的沉降变形和动应力分布规律,对比分析无砟轨道和有砟轨道路基内部动力响应的分布差异,分析采空区开采宽度、厚度对动力响应分布规律的影响。结果与无砟轨道相比,有砟轨道路基内部的动应力幅值明显更高,但其动应力的衰减速率也更高;动应力、动位移的时程曲线沿着路基深度方向出现不断增大的相位差;路基内部动位移幅值随着荷载作用时间增加而逐渐增大,但增大的速度不断降低,动应力幅值基本保持不变;动应力、动位移幅值与列车轴重存在明显的线性关系,随着轴重增加而线性增大;采空区开采宽度、厚度越大,列车荷载造成的动位移幅值也越大,但当开采宽度大于一定数值后,动位移幅值反而出现减小趋势。结论列车荷载、路基轨道类型和采空区场地的差异都会对路基内部的动力响应分布情况产生影响,研究结果可为采空区场地高速铁路的安全运行提供理论参考。

热流固耦合下不同载荷对光热熔盐泵转子运行稳定性的影响

光热电站熔盐泵转子系统由于其自身结构及外部载荷激励,在极端运行工况下难以维持运行稳定性。针对该问题建立有限元模型,分析了温度载荷、流场力载荷、离心力载荷等对熔盐泵转子的应力变形规律;设置4种不同轴段长度的转子模型,分析不同转子模态振型、固有频率以及临界转速等动力学特性。研究发现:转子结构中最大等效应力出现在首级叶轮叶片进口与前盖板交界处,最大变形出现在首级叶轮前盖板尾缘处,流场载荷与质量力载荷使应力与变形在叶轮上大致呈现中心对称分布,温度载荷使得叶轮产生较大的形变;对首级叶轮进行强度校核后,所选材料满足结构强度要求。模型转子的固有频率随中间轴段长度的增加而降低,湿态转子模型的固有频率略低于干态固有频率;其他转子的一阶临界转速均小于转子的设计转速,只有A9转子的临界转速满足±10%安全裕度,不易在运行过程中发生共振。研究结果对于该类型泵安全稳定运行以及在能源应用等领域具有重要的指导意义。

高速子弹侵彻Ti6Al4V合金的热力耦合分析

基于动力学、温度-位移关系和几何非线性原理,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型构建起高速子弹撞击Ti6Al4V数值分析模型,研究了不同速度下子弹着靶时剩余速度的变化及靶板的温升特性及靶板的瞬态应力变化规律进行了分析;分析了距离撞击点不同位置的应力变化规律及碰撞时上下表面的应力变化情况,并分析了子弹撞击Ti6Al4V合金板过程中的冲击能量突变过程。结果表明:通过对比不同速度子弹侵彻Ti6Al4V的数值分析模型,得出子弹初速度大小是影响侵彻过程中各参数变化的重要因素;随着初速度的增大,其碰撞时间减小且剩余速度随初速度的变化规律近似线性递增;碰撞过程中子弹动能转化为整体内能使温度上升,碰撞区域温度随速度增大而增大;瞬态应力的大小及传递速度随子弹速度变化而改变,速度越大,碰撞中心弹性和塑性变形越剧烈,应力值越大。

波形钢腹板梁T形接头焊接仿真分析与试验研究

为了解决波形钢腹板梁焊接温度场和残余应力分布尚不明确的问题,本文基于Simufact Welding软件建立三维有限元模型,对其T形接头的焊接温度场和残余应力进行了预测,并对模拟结果进行了试验验证。波形钢腹板梁的焊接温度场分布与熔池中心距离有关,距离熔池中心越近,温度梯度越大;焊接残余应力以纵向残余拉应力为主,而横向残余应力的应力水平相对较低,拉压应力共存;焊接速度和底板厚度的改变只会影响残余应力的峰值大小,不会影响残余应力的分布规律。结果表明:数值模拟结果和试验实测值吻合良好,数值模拟可靠。

航空铝合金激光焊接关键工艺参数与应力场关系

激光焊接工艺参数不仅影响铝合金结构件的残余应力,而且影响其服役性能,探究参数与应力场的关系对提高焊接结构件的质量具有重要的意义。采用圆锥热源模型对厚度为5 mm的7075-T7351铝合金板材进行激光焊接数值模拟,分析焊接速度和激光能量两个关键参数对焊接残余应力场的影响规律,并借助实验验证模拟结果的准确性,揭示7075铝合金激光焊接工艺参数与应力场的关系。研究结果表明:残余应力会随着焊接速度的增加而不断增大,但当焊速超过一定值后焊核区应力不再增加,最大应力逐渐向两侧扩展;激光能量越大,导致残余应力降低且最大残余应力分布区域逐渐扩大;获得7075铝合金激光焊的最佳工艺窗口,焊接速度5~7 mm/s,激光焊接能量70~100 J/mm。所得研究成果在7075铝合金激光焊接工艺优化的周期缩短和成本降低方面具有一定的价值和意义。

超高速激光熔覆影响细长活塞杆弯曲变形的仿真分析与试验

目的针对细长活塞杆在超高速激光熔覆过程中产生变形的问题,开展热-结构耦合的数值模拟和试验研究。方法采用高斯热源和单向耦合方式,建立细长活塞杆超高速激光熔覆的热-结构耦合仿真分析模型,探讨活塞杆在不同功率和扫描速度下瞬态温度和应力分布的演化过程。构建超高速激光熔覆细长活塞杆变形的试验测试方案,提出9组激光熔覆工况参数,并将试验测试结果与有限元仿真进行对比。结果在激光功率相同时,熔池形貌随扫描速度的增大而发生变化,其等温线呈现彗星状,活塞杆表面上的温度变化曲线要经历3个峰值,然后冷却至室温,最后趋于稳定。熔池区域的等效应力值最大,且会随激光光源的轴向移动而发生演化,而涂层与基体结合界面处的等效应力在极短时间内会经历先升后降的多次循环,然后趋于稳定。沿活塞杆轴向的等效应力呈现两端高、中间低且顶尖端最大的趋势,等效应力值均随激光功率的增加而增大,其应力差值与活塞杆的变形量相对应。当功率为3500 W、扫描速度为25 m/min时,应力差值最小,且变形量也最小。结论热应力是引起活塞杆轴向应力分布变化的主要影响因素,轴向等效应力的差值决定着活塞杆变形量的大小,所得结论可为细长轴类零件表面处理的超高速激光熔覆工艺参数选取提供指导。

双棘轮离合器二次结合冲击应力分析

单棘轮离合器空中二次结合时响应慢,碰撞冲击大,极易造成离合器损坏。因此,对一种双棘轮离合器进行研究,使其在满足强度要求下实现双速结合的功能,以提升棘轮离合器的泛用性。介绍了一种双棘轮离合器的结构及原理,建立了双棘轮离合器二次结合冲击模型及冲击应力的计算方法,并通过仿真分析的方法对比验证了模型的准确性;在此基础上,分析了双棘轮结构等参数对其性能的影响。研究结果可为双棘轮离合器的设计提供参考。

涡旋式无油压缩机转子轻量化及疲劳行为研究

针对涡旋式压缩机转子的偏心构成及高速特性,通过等效配置有限应变梁单元、二维轴承单元及三维空间质量单元等,开发基于参数化的主轴部件有限元建模程序。考虑陀螺效应,在转子动力学分析基础上获取主轴系统的Campbell图及临界转速。以配重质量(m_(1)、m_(2))及其质心位置(R_(1)、R_(2))为变量对转子组件进行动态优化,不仅将其1阶临界转速提高了4.2%,而且使配重总质量与最大应力幅分别减小了0.413 kg和0.21 MPa,达到轻量化设计预期。利用nCode DesignLife构建S-N应力疲劳分析项目仿真流程,实现了多工况时序载荷映射下的曲轴疲劳分析与损伤评估。结果显示:轻量化设计在提高曲轴最低疲劳寿命的同时,明显减小了曲柄端的损伤程度及疲劳危险区,有利于提升曲轴的疲劳寿命与抗破坏能力。

插入道岔施工对运营高速道岔锁定轨温变化影响试验

为研究插入道岔施工(Turnout Inserting Construction,TIC)对既有高速道岔锁定轨温(StressFree Rail Temperature of Existing high-speed Turnout,SFRTET)的影响,提出基于双向应变法的锁定轨温变化测试方案,推导不同因素影响下的锁定轨温变化测量原理,确定监测数据的处理方法,并开展道岔锁定轨温变化现场试验研究.研究结果表明:基于锁定轨温变化监测方法确定的传感器安装时轨温与实测数据差异仅1.4%,验证了测试方案的合理性和数据处理方法的正确性;高速道岔的锁定轨温会受插入道岔各工序施工的影响,其在轨道结构拆除、轨道结构施工、道岔形位精调和工电联调3个工序中表现出显著的动态变化特征,即锁定轨温经历多次循环变化才达到稳定状态;既有高速道岔锁定轨温受侧股钢轨重新焊接施工影响最为显著,尤其是靠近焊接位置的侧股钢轨,其锁定轨温变化达12.87℃,建议侧股钢轨重新焊接工序尽可能选择在轨温接近既有道岔原锁定轨温时开展.

航空发动机动力涡轮叶片断裂试验

为研究航空发动机动力涡轮叶片的断裂转速随弯曲应力占比的变化规律,基于等效原则设计加工了4种不同弯曲应力占比、共32件模拟叶片,采用有限元法分别计算得到模拟叶片的断裂转速。对模拟叶片进行分组并开展了断裂转速测量试验,获取了模拟叶片的实际断裂转速和断裂形式,采用高速摄像技术录取了模拟叶片断裂过程,得到了叶片断裂转速随弯曲应力占比的变化规律。研究表明,模拟叶片实际断裂转速与计算转速误差不大于1.10%;在一定范围内,随着弯曲应力的降低,叶片的断裂转速大体呈现下降趋势,并且随着叶片的弯曲应力占比越大,叶片的断裂转速下降越快。研究为动力涡轮叶片的强度设计和叶片断裂试验方法提供了参考,具有重要的工程应用价值。

高速铁路接触网弹性吊索疲劳仿真研究

为研究弹性吊索的服役状态与疲劳寿命,对高铁接触网出现的弹性吊索断线现象进行调研并开展疲劳研究。基于武广高铁的线路设计参数构建了弓网动态仿真模型,对300 km/h速度下的弹性吊索振动状态进行分析。由于受电弓运行通过时对接触悬挂的抬升作用,弹性吊索主要沿竖直方向振动,并在线夹位置不断承受交变弯曲载荷。在UG软件中建立了弹性吊索绞线(1×7)及其线夹的实体模型并将其导入到LS-DYNA软件中进行了应力载荷计算;其应力集中位置位于弹性吊索与其线夹连接处。将应力历程数据导入到ANSYS nCode DesignLife软件中分析弹性吊索在指定载荷下的疲劳寿命。最后,根据Miner累积损伤原则计算了300 km/h运行速度下武广高铁弹性吊索的疲劳寿命为4.58×10^(6)弓架次;当运行速度增加至350 km/h时,疲劳寿命为1.17×10^(6)弓架次;当运行速度增加至400 km/h时,疲劳寿命为4.80×10^(5)弓架次。