Changes in annual radial growth is an important indication of climate change. Dendroclimatology studies in northern China have focused on linear statistical analysis,but lacking studies based on the process of ring fo...Changes in annual radial growth is an important indication of climate change. Dendroclimatology studies in northern China have focused on linear statistical analysis,but lacking studies based on the process of ring formation to clarify the radial growth of trees. Tree-ring width standard chronology(STD) was established using samples of Larix principis-rupprechtii collected at 2303 m altitude on Luya Mountain. Using the Vaganov-Shashkin(VS) model to simulate growth and development, the internal physiological mechanism of radial growth is identified. It was concluded that:(1) the growing season of L. principis-rupprechtii was May to September;(2) soil moisture was a significant factor in the early and late growing seasons, and temperature was the dominant factor in its main growth period;and(3) formation of narrow ring widths was closely related to drought stress, the development of wide ring widths will be restricted by increasing future temperatures. The VS model is applicable for radial growth simulation of subalpine coniferous forests and for guiding the cultivation of local tree species in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system.Liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery is the primary cause of death in patients with colon cancer.AIM To construct a nov...BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system.Liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery is the primary cause of death in patients with colon cancer.AIM To construct a novel nomogram model including various factors to predict liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 242 patients with colon cancer who were admitted and underwent radical resection for colon cancer in Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022.Patients were divided into liver metastasis and non-liver metastasis groups.Sex,age,and other general and clinicopathological data(preoperative blood routine and biochemical test indexes)were compared.The risk factors for liver metastasis were analyzed using singlefactor and multifactorial logistic regression.A predictive model was then constructed and evaluated for efficacy.RESULTS Systemic inflammatory index(SII),C-reactive protein/albumin ratio(CAR),red blood cell distribution width(RDW),alanine aminotransferase,preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level,and lymphatic metastasis were different between groups(P<0.05).SII,CAR,and RDW were risk factors for liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery(P<0.05).The area under the curve was 0.93 for the column-line diagram prediction model constructed based on these risk factors to distinguish whether liver metastasis occurred postoperatively.The actual curve of the column-line diagram predicting the risk of postoperative liver metastasis was close to the ideal curve,with good agreement.The prediction model curves in the decision curve analysis showed higher net benefits for a larger threshold range than those in extreme cases,indicating that the model is safer.CONCLUSION Liver metastases after colorectal cancer surgery could be well predicted by a nomogram based on the SII,CAR,and RDW.展开更多
We present here a two-step method of classification and calculation for decay rates in the Standard Model. The first step is a phenomenological classification method, which is an extended and improved schematic experi...We present here a two-step method of classification and calculation for decay rates in the Standard Model. The first step is a phenomenological classification method, which is an extended and improved schematic experimental formula for decay width originally introduced by Chang. This schematic formula separates decays into seven classes. Furthermore, from it is derived a process-specific interaction energy m<sub>X</sub>. The second step is a numerical calculation method, which calculates this interaction energy m<sub>X</sub> numerically by minimization of action from the Lagrangian of the process, from which follows the decay width via the phenomenological formula. The Lagrangian is based on an extension of the Standard Model, the extended SU(4)-preon-model. A comparison of numerically calculated and observed decay widths for a large selection of decays shows a good agreement.展开更多
The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and ...The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and small perturbation were studied.The analytical and numerical results show that widening (shrinking) road can enhance (reduce) the equilibrium speed and flow,and the increments (decrements) will increase with the absolute value of road width gradient.In addition,the numerical results illustrate that the new model can describe the effects of road width on the evolutions of uniform flow and small perturbation.展开更多
This study was undertaken to examine which factors contributed to the correction of crowding in two patients who underwent nonextraction orthodontic treatment. A study model analysis was conducted to determine the eff...This study was undertaken to examine which factors contributed to the correction of crowding in two patients who underwent nonextraction orthodontic treatment. A study model analysis was conducted to determine the effects of the orthodontic treatment for crowding with high canines on crown angulation and dental arch width in two patients. The results showed that the crown angulation was significantly increased, indicating distal tipping in the maxillary dental arch. This tendency was most commonly observed in the premolars among the lateral teeth. With respect to the dental arch width, the largest change was evident in the first molar and first premolar regions in cases 1 and 2, respectively. On the basis of these results, up-righting of mesially tipped lateral teeth and expansion of narrow dental arches could prove to be the keys to the success of space regaining or correction of high canines and mild crowding.展开更多
Vector control schemes have recently been used to drive linear induction motors(LIM)in high-performance applications.This trend promotes the development of precise and efficient control schemes for individual motors.T...Vector control schemes have recently been used to drive linear induction motors(LIM)in high-performance applications.This trend promotes the development of precise and efficient control schemes for individual motors.This research aims to present a novel framework for speed and thrust force control of LIM using space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)inverters.The framework under consideration is developed in four stages.To begin,MATLAB Simulink was used to develop a detailed mathematical and electromechanical dynamicmodel.The research presents a modified SVPWM inverter control scheme.By tuning the proportional-integral(PI)controller with a transfer function,optimized values for the PI controller are derived.All the subsystems mentioned above are integrated to create a robust simulation of the LIM’s precise speed and thrust force control scheme.The reference speed values were chosen to evaluate the performance of the respective system,and the developed system’s response was verified using various data sets.For the low-speed range,a reference value of 10m/s is used,while a reference value of 100 m/s is used for the high-speed range.The speed output response indicates that themotor reached reference speed in amatter of seconds,as the delay time is between 8 and 10 s.The maximum amplitude of thrust achieved is less than 400N,demonstrating the controller’s capability to control a high-speed LIM with minimal thrust ripple.Due to the controlled speed range,the developed system is highly recommended for low-speed and high-speed and heavy-duty traction applications.展开更多
Major differences in beach erosion between two neighboring artificial beaches Xiangluwan Beach(XL beach)and Meiliwan Beach(ML beach)in Zhuhai,China,were studied after Super Typhoon Hato.In this study,a fully nonlinear...Major differences in beach erosion between two neighboring artificial beaches Xiangluwan Beach(XL beach)and Meiliwan Beach(ML beach)in Zhuhai,China,were studied after Super Typhoon Hato.In this study,a fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave model(FUNWAVE)-Total Variation Diminishing(TVD)was used to distinguish the main impact factors,their relative contributions,and the hydrodynamic mechanisms underlying the different beach responses.Results show that compared to the ML beach,the main reason for the relatively weak erosion on Xiangluwan(XL)beach was the smaller beach berm height(accounting for approximately 75.9%of the erosion response).Regarding the beach with a higher berm,the stronger wave-induced undertow flow,along with the higher sediment concentration,led to a higher offshore sediment transport flux,resulting in more severe erosion relative to the beach with a smaller berm height.The second most important reason explaining the weak erosion on XL beach was the absence of seawalls(accounting for approximately 17.9%of the erosion response).Wave reflection induced by the seawall could cause higher suspended sediment concentration,resulting in a toe scouring near the seawall.The offshore submerged breakwater protected XL beach slightly(accounting for approximately 6.1%of the erosion response).Due to the higher water level induced by storm surge,most of the wave energy could penetrate through the submerged breakwater.The effect of the larger berm width of XL beach was negligible.Compared to the beach with a larger berm width,the erosion/deposition regions in the beach with a narrower berm width showed shoreward migration,without significant changes in the erosion/deposition extent.Despite of this,the larger berm width could reduce the wave energy reaching the shoreline.This study of the storm stability of artificial beaches may be applied to beach restoration design.展开更多
基金supported by Alpine timberline fluctuations and the response to climate change at centennial to millennial time scales in the Qinling Mountains (no.42371072)a General Programfrom the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (no.2014JQ5172)+1 种基金the Open Fund Project of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (no.SKLLQG1611)the National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Scientific Research Project of China (no.201304309).
文摘Changes in annual radial growth is an important indication of climate change. Dendroclimatology studies in northern China have focused on linear statistical analysis,but lacking studies based on the process of ring formation to clarify the radial growth of trees. Tree-ring width standard chronology(STD) was established using samples of Larix principis-rupprechtii collected at 2303 m altitude on Luya Mountain. Using the Vaganov-Shashkin(VS) model to simulate growth and development, the internal physiological mechanism of radial growth is identified. It was concluded that:(1) the growing season of L. principis-rupprechtii was May to September;(2) soil moisture was a significant factor in the early and late growing seasons, and temperature was the dominant factor in its main growth period;and(3) formation of narrow ring widths was closely related to drought stress, the development of wide ring widths will be restricted by increasing future temperatures. The VS model is applicable for radial growth simulation of subalpine coniferous forests and for guiding the cultivation of local tree species in the future.
基金reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital(Approval No.2023-338).
文摘BACKGROUND Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system.Liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery is the primary cause of death in patients with colon cancer.AIM To construct a novel nomogram model including various factors to predict liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 242 patients with colon cancer who were admitted and underwent radical resection for colon cancer in Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022.Patients were divided into liver metastasis and non-liver metastasis groups.Sex,age,and other general and clinicopathological data(preoperative blood routine and biochemical test indexes)were compared.The risk factors for liver metastasis were analyzed using singlefactor and multifactorial logistic regression.A predictive model was then constructed and evaluated for efficacy.RESULTS Systemic inflammatory index(SII),C-reactive protein/albumin ratio(CAR),red blood cell distribution width(RDW),alanine aminotransferase,preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level,and lymphatic metastasis were different between groups(P<0.05).SII,CAR,and RDW were risk factors for liver metastasis after colon cancer surgery(P<0.05).The area under the curve was 0.93 for the column-line diagram prediction model constructed based on these risk factors to distinguish whether liver metastasis occurred postoperatively.The actual curve of the column-line diagram predicting the risk of postoperative liver metastasis was close to the ideal curve,with good agreement.The prediction model curves in the decision curve analysis showed higher net benefits for a larger threshold range than those in extreme cases,indicating that the model is safer.CONCLUSION Liver metastases after colorectal cancer surgery could be well predicted by a nomogram based on the SII,CAR,and RDW.
文摘We present here a two-step method of classification and calculation for decay rates in the Standard Model. The first step is a phenomenological classification method, which is an extended and improved schematic experimental formula for decay width originally introduced by Chang. This schematic formula separates decays into seven classes. Furthermore, from it is derived a process-specific interaction energy m<sub>X</sub>. The second step is a numerical calculation method, which calculates this interaction energy m<sub>X</sub> numerically by minimization of action from the Lagrangian of the process, from which follows the decay width via the phenomenological formula. The Lagrangian is based on an extension of the Standard Model, the extended SU(4)-preon-model. A comparison of numerically calculated and observed decay widths for a large selection of decays shows a good agreement.
基金Project(NCET-08-0038) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese UniversityProjects(70701002,70971007 and 70521001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006CB705503) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and small perturbation were studied.The analytical and numerical results show that widening (shrinking) road can enhance (reduce) the equilibrium speed and flow,and the increments (decrements) will increase with the absolute value of road width gradient.In addition,the numerical results illustrate that the new model can describe the effects of road width on the evolutions of uniform flow and small perturbation.
文摘This study was undertaken to examine which factors contributed to the correction of crowding in two patients who underwent nonextraction orthodontic treatment. A study model analysis was conducted to determine the effects of the orthodontic treatment for crowding with high canines on crown angulation and dental arch width in two patients. The results showed that the crown angulation was significantly increased, indicating distal tipping in the maxillary dental arch. This tendency was most commonly observed in the premolars among the lateral teeth. With respect to the dental arch width, the largest change was evident in the first molar and first premolar regions in cases 1 and 2, respectively. On the basis of these results, up-righting of mesially tipped lateral teeth and expansion of narrow dental arches could prove to be the keys to the success of space regaining or correction of high canines and mild crowding.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number(RGP.2/111/43).
文摘Vector control schemes have recently been used to drive linear induction motors(LIM)in high-performance applications.This trend promotes the development of precise and efficient control schemes for individual motors.This research aims to present a novel framework for speed and thrust force control of LIM using space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)inverters.The framework under consideration is developed in four stages.To begin,MATLAB Simulink was used to develop a detailed mathematical and electromechanical dynamicmodel.The research presents a modified SVPWM inverter control scheme.By tuning the proportional-integral(PI)controller with a transfer function,optimized values for the PI controller are derived.All the subsystems mentioned above are integrated to create a robust simulation of the LIM’s precise speed and thrust force control scheme.The reference speed values were chosen to evaluate the performance of the respective system,and the developed system’s response was verified using various data sets.For the low-speed range,a reference value of 10m/s is used,while a reference value of 100 m/s is used for the high-speed range.The speed output response indicates that themotor reached reference speed in amatter of seconds,as the delay time is between 8 and 10 s.The maximum amplitude of thrust achieved is less than 400N,demonstrating the controller’s capability to control a high-speed LIM with minimal thrust ripple.Due to the controlled speed range,the developed system is highly recommended for low-speed and high-speed and heavy-duty traction applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42006176,42330406,U1706220,41901006)the Basic Research Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Development Program of in Yantai(No.2022JCYJ028)。
文摘Major differences in beach erosion between two neighboring artificial beaches Xiangluwan Beach(XL beach)and Meiliwan Beach(ML beach)in Zhuhai,China,were studied after Super Typhoon Hato.In this study,a fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave model(FUNWAVE)-Total Variation Diminishing(TVD)was used to distinguish the main impact factors,their relative contributions,and the hydrodynamic mechanisms underlying the different beach responses.Results show that compared to the ML beach,the main reason for the relatively weak erosion on Xiangluwan(XL)beach was the smaller beach berm height(accounting for approximately 75.9%of the erosion response).Regarding the beach with a higher berm,the stronger wave-induced undertow flow,along with the higher sediment concentration,led to a higher offshore sediment transport flux,resulting in more severe erosion relative to the beach with a smaller berm height.The second most important reason explaining the weak erosion on XL beach was the absence of seawalls(accounting for approximately 17.9%of the erosion response).Wave reflection induced by the seawall could cause higher suspended sediment concentration,resulting in a toe scouring near the seawall.The offshore submerged breakwater protected XL beach slightly(accounting for approximately 6.1%of the erosion response).Due to the higher water level induced by storm surge,most of the wave energy could penetrate through the submerged breakwater.The effect of the larger berm width of XL beach was negligible.Compared to the beach with a larger berm width,the erosion/deposition regions in the beach with a narrower berm width showed shoreward migration,without significant changes in the erosion/deposition extent.Despite of this,the larger berm width could reduce the wave energy reaching the shoreline.This study of the storm stability of artificial beaches may be applied to beach restoration design.
