Stress-Strain Relationship and Failure Criterion for Concrete after Freezing and Thawing Cycles

The research of the failure criterion and one-dimensional stress-strain relationship of deteriorated concrete were carried out. Based on the damage mechanics theory, the dsmage which reflects the alternation of internal state of material were introduced into the formula presented by Desayi and Krishman and the weighted twin-shear strength theory. As a nondestructive examination method in common use, the ultrasonic technique was adopted in the study, and the ultrasonic velocity was used to establish the damage variable. After that, the failure criterion and one-dimensional stress-strain relationship for deteriorated concrete were obtained. Eventually, tests were carried out to study the evolution laws on the damage. The results show that the more freezing and thawing cycles are, the more apparently the failure surface shrinks. Meanwhile, the comparison between theoretical data and experimental data verifies tile rationality of tile damage-based one-dimensional stress-strain relationship proposed.

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.

Compressive Performance of Fiber Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete by Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Jackets

The development of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)provides a new approach to limiting the waste of natural resources.In the present study,the mechanical properties and deformability of RACs were improved by adding basalt fibers(BFs)and using external restraints,such as a fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)jacket or a PVC pipe.Samples were tested under axial compression.The results showed that RAC(50%replacement of aggregate)containing 0.2%BFs had the best mechanical properties.Using either BFs or PVC reinforcement had a slight effect on the loadbearing capacity and mode of failure.With different levels of BFs,the compressive strengths of the specimens reinforced with 1-layer and 3-layer basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)increased by 6.7%–10.5%and 16.5%–23.7%,respectively,and the ultimate strains increased by 48.5%–80.7%and 97.1%–141.1%,respectively.The peak stress of the 3-layer BFRP-PVC increased by 42.2%,and the ultimate strain improved by 131.3%,relative to the control.This reinforcement combined the high tensile strength of BFRP,which improved the post-peak behavior,and PVC,which enhanced the structural durability.In addition,to investigate the influence of the various constraints on compressive behavior,the stress-strain response was analyzed.Based on the analysis of experimental results,a peak stress-strain model and an amended ultimate stress-strain model were proposed.The models were verified as well;the result showed that the predictions from calculations are generally consistent with the experimental data(error within 10%).The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and reference for future applications of fiber-reinforced recycled concrete.

Numerical analysis of ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges

The calculation of ultimate bearing capacity is a significant issue in the design of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) arch bridges. Based on the space beam theory, this paper provides a calculation method for determining the ultimate strength of CFST structures. The accuracy of this method and the applicability of the stress-strain relationships were validated by comparing different existing confined concrete uniaxial constitutive relationships and experimental results. Comparison of these results indicated that this method using the confined concrete uniaxial stress-strain relationships can be used to calculate the ultimate strength and CFST behavior with satisfactory accuracy. The calculation results are stable and seldom affected by concrete con-stitutive relationships. The method is therefore valuable in the practice of engineering design. Finally, the ultimate strength of an arch bridge with span of 330 m was investigated by the proposed method and the nonlinear behavior was discussed.

Stress-strain relationship for reactive powder concrete with recycled powder under uniaxial compression

The recycled powder(RP)from construction wastes can be used to partially replace cement in the preparation of reactive powder concrete.In this paper,reactive powder concrete mixtures with RP partially replacing cement,and natural sand instead of quartz,are developed.Standard curing is used,instead of steam curing that is normally requested by standard for reactive powder concrete.The influences of RP replacement ratio(0%,10%,20%,30%),silica fume proportion(10%,15%,20%),and steel fiber proportion(0%,1%,2%)are investigated.The effects of RP,silica fume,and steel fiber proportion on compressive strength,elastic modulus,and relative absorption energy are analyzed,and theoretical models for compressive strength,elastic modulus,and relative absorption energy are established.A constitutive model for the uniaxial compressive stress-strain relationship of reactive powder concrete with RP is developed.With the increase of RP replacement ratio from 0% to 30%,the compressive strength decreases by 42% and elastic modulus decreases by 24%.

Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

By the nonlinear finite element analysis （FEA） method, the mechanical properties of the steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） deep beams were discussed in terms of the crack load and ultimate bearing capacity. In the simulation process, the ANSYS parametric design language （APDL） was used to set up the finite element model; the model of bond stress-slip relationship between steel bar and concrete was established. The nonlinear FEA results and test results demonstrated that the steel fiber can not only significantly improve the cracking load and ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete but also repress the development of the cracks. Meanwhile, good agreement was found between the experimental data and FEA results, if the unit type, the parameter model and the failure criterion are selected reasonably.

FAILURE MODE AND CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF PLAIN HIGH-STRENGTH HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE UNDER BIAXIAL COMPRESSION AFTER EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES

An orthotropic constitutive relationship with temperature parameters for plain highstrength high-performance concrete （HSHPC） under biaxial compression is developed. It is based on the experiments performed for characterizing the strength and deformation behavior at two strength levels of HSHPC at 7 different stress ratios including a=σs ： σ3=0.00：-1,-0.20：-1,-0.30 ： -1,-0.40：-1,-0.50：-1,-0.75：-1,-1.00：-1, after the exposure to normal and high temperatures of 20, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600℃, and using a large static-dynamic true triaxial machine. The biaxial tests were performed on 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm cubic specimens, and friction-reducing pads were used consisting of three layers of plastic membrane with glycerine in-between for the compressive loading plane. Based on the experimental results, failure modes of HSHPC specimens were described. The principal static compressive strengths, strains at the peak stress and stress-strain curves were measured; and the influence of the temperature and stress ratios on them was also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength of plain HSHPC after exposure to high temperatures does not decrease dramatically with the increase of temperature. The ratio of the biaxial to its uniaxial compressive strength depends on the stress ratios and brittleness-stiffness of HSHPC after exposure to different temperature levels. Comparison of the stress-strain results obtained from the theoretical model and the experimental data indicates good agreement.

Effects of Frost-damage on Mechanical Performance of Concrete

The aim of this study is to provide the quantificational change laws of strength,stiffness,and deformation capacity of frost-damaged concrete relating to a united index,the data were obtained by different researchers.Then the index of relative compressive strength（RCS） was introduced as the indicator of frost damage and a large number of mechanical performance testing data of frost-damaged concrete were collected and analyzed.By curve fitting,the correlations between RCS and the initial elastic modulus,the strain at peak compressive stress,and biaxial compressive strength,and tensile strength,and the strain at peak tensile stress were established.Thereafter,the analytical stress-strain response of frost-damaged concrete under monotonic loading was presented using RCS and compared with that of the experimental data.Moreover,an isotropic elastoplastic damage model of frost-damaged concrete subjected to repeated loading was established.Finally,we can systematically estimate the effects of frost-damage on the mechanical performance of concrete,which can be provided for the numerical simulation of frost-damaged concrete structures.

高温后钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土与变形钢筋黏结性能试验

为研究高温后钢-聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohols,PVA)混杂纤维高性能混凝土(hybrid fiber high performance concrete,HFHPC)与变形钢筋的黏结性能退化规律,以200、400、600、800℃为目标温度,选取钢纤维体积率、PVA纤维体积率、矿粉掺量为正交试验因素设计并制作25组HFHPC试件,完成了单调荷载下的中心拉拔试验。结果表明:高温后各组HFHPC试件黏结破坏形态均表现为钢筋拔出破坏;试验温度范围内,对HFHPC试件黏结强度的影响程度均为:钢纤维体积率最大、矿粉掺量次之、PVA纤维体积率最小;随着温度的升高,HFHPC试件黏结强度逐渐下降,且在相同温度条件下,HFHPC试件黏结强度和峰值滑移相比于未掺纤维的混凝土试件均有所提升,其中,200℃时HFHPC试件的黏结强度提升最为显著,分别提升了33.69%、35.76%、37.54%和46.03%;混杂纤维能显著提高高温后高性能混凝土与钢筋的峰值界面能,明显改善黏结延性和耗能能力;提出的考虑温度作用后的混杂纤维混凝土与钢筋黏结-滑移模型与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为火灾后混杂纤维高性能混凝土结构损伤评估及加固方案提供参考。

圆钢管超高性能混凝土短柱偏压力学性能研究

为研究钢管超高性能混凝土短柱的偏压性能,以荷载偏心率和钢管径厚比为变化参数,设计了12个圆钢管UHPC短柱试件并对其进行偏心受压加载试验,分析了该类构件的破坏模式、荷载-挠度曲线、钢管应变和变形系数等,考察了主要因素对短柱偏压性能的影响规律。结果表明:试件的破坏特征为钢管屈服和核心混凝土压坏;荷载-挠度曲线有较明显的峰值点,偏心率越大和径厚比越小,曲线的下降段越平缓;达到60%峰值荷载时,钢管开始产生明显的约束作用,达到90%峰值荷载时,截面变形不再符合平截面假定;偏心率增大使试件的承载力和刚度下降,而径厚比减小可降低这种不利影响。在试验基础上,结合数值模拟对短柱的N-M曲线进行分析,建立了临界偏心率和套箍系数的关系表达式,并基于此提出短柱偏压承载力实用计算方法,理论与试验结果吻合较好。

UHPC直拉试验方法与本构关系研究

超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high performance concrete, UHPC)单轴拉伸(直拉)试验是分析UHPC抗拉性能和直拉本构关系的基础性试验,经过对其试件形状与尺寸的优化,试验成功率已得到了较大提升。但由于试件连接方式和局部加强方式的差异,各机构试验成功率参差不齐。为进一步保证直拉试验成功率,采用试验研究和数值模拟的方法系统分析了常见的四种试件连接方式和三种试件局部加强方式对试验成功率的影响,比选出最优试验方法。结果表明:面内夹持装置具有连接可靠、操作简单的优点,适合推广。但夹具的尺寸加工误差或微变形可能导致其与试件的接触面变窄、加剧夹持引发的试件应力集中,致使主裂纹位于测距范围之外;试件与夹具的接触区域进行柔性加强(粘贴碳纤维布)和刚性加强(粘贴铝片)均能有效解决上述问题,提高试验成功率。此外,采用比选的直拉试验方法,探究了钢纤维长径比和体积率对UHPC直拉损伤本构关系的影响。通过声发射(Acoustic emission, AE)监测探究了UHPC在直拉荷载作用下的损伤演化规律,利用声发射参数(累积计数比)构建损伤因子,得到了考虑钢纤维影响的UHPC直拉损伤本构关系。

Stress-strain relationship of recycled self-compacting concrete filled steel tubular column subjected to eccentric compression

As a typical compression member,the concrete-filled steel tube has been widely used in civil engineering structures.However,little research on recycled self-compacting concrete flled circular steel tubular(RSCCFCST)columns subjected to eccentric load was reported.In this study,21 specimens were designed and experimental studies on the stress-strain relationship of were carried out to study the mechanical behaviors.Recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio,concrete strength grade,length to diameter ratio and eccentric distance of specimens were considered as the main experimental parameters to carry out eccentric compression tests.The corresponding stress-strain relationship curves were used to analyze the influence of concerned parameters on ecentric load-bearing capacity of RSCCFCST columns.The experimental results show that the strain of the eccentric compression stress-strain curves increase with the increase of recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio and concrete strength grade.With increase of eccentric distance,the ductility of specimens increases while the bearing capacity decreases.Moreover,a phenomenological model of RSCCFCST columns is proposed,which exhibits versatile ability to capture the process during loading.The present study is expected to further understanding the behaviors and to provide guidance of RSCCFCST columns in design and engineering applications.

钢壳混凝土复合结构脱空高度与中子响应关系研究

为了揭示钢壳混凝土复合结构间脱空高度与中子的响应关系,建立一种新的脱空高度定量测量方法,本研究基于快中子慢化和中子散射原理,采用室内等效混凝土物理模拟方法构建脱空模型,并开展室内测试,对测试数据进行回归分析,发现热中子计数率与钢壳混凝土复合结构中钢板厚度、混凝土含水量、脱空高度之间均存在显著的相关性。进一步建立钢壳混凝土脱空高度与热中子计数率的标定关系,并开展验证实验,结果表明,通过标定关系计算得到的混凝土脱空值与实际脱空值误差较小,两者具有较好的一致性,快中子穿透钢板后与混凝土作用产生的热中子可用于定量计算钢壳混凝土复合结构脱空高度,可解决当前脱空检测中存在的无法精确定量问题。

往复压载下纤维增强混凝土力学行为退化及本构关系

为研究钢纤维混凝土在往复轴压荷载下的力学性能及其本构关系,开展单轴往复压缩试验,以不同纤维掺量和长径比为变量,探究钢纤维混凝土的力学行为退化及损伤演化规律。结果表明,与单调加载相比,往复加载作用下钢纤维混凝土试件强度有轻微退化;混凝土塑性应变累积随钢纤维体积掺量的增加而大幅降低,弹性刚度退化率随之增大,但对纤维长径比的影响不显著;应力退化率随卸载应变呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;基于力学行为退化现象和纤维增强效应,建立了钢纤维混凝土往复轴压下混凝土损伤演化模型,与试验结果进行比较发现该模型与试验数据吻合较好。

高强不锈钢绞线网/ECC约束高强混凝土受压本构模型

为将新型复合材料“高强不锈钢绞线网/ECC约束素混凝土”用于实际工程结构,基于高强不锈钢绞线网/ECC约束高强混凝土(简称HSME约束高强混凝土)复合材料轴心受压试验结果,分析ECC强度、核心混凝土强度以及横向钢绞线体积配网率等对其受压性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:HSME能够有效约束核心混凝土轴心受压,破坏模式具有明显的延性性能,根据试验数据绘出HSME约束高强混凝土复合材料受压应力-应变曲线,可以分为三个阶段:弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和下降段。根据各阶段曲线的数学特征,建立HSME约束高强混凝土复合材料受压本构关系的全过程模型表达式。引入ECC特征值和横向钢绞线特征值,对本构模型的各参数进行分析,提出HSME约束高强混凝土复合材料的开裂压应变、峰值应力、峰值压应变和极限压应变等参数的表达式。将各参数代入所建立的受压本构关系绘出其应力-应变曲线,模型结果与试验所得应力-应变曲线吻合良好,开裂压应变与极限压应变的计算值与试验值对比范围分别为0.949~1.068和0.938~1.039。表明所提出的受压本构模型能够较好地反映HSME约束高强混凝土复合材料的应力-应变关系。

型钢混凝土十字形异形柱正截面承载力计算方法

为研究型钢混凝土十字型异形柱承载力计算方法,根据已完成的低周反复荷载试验及有限元分析,并考虑箍筋约束作用编制截面弯矩-曲率关系计算程序,对试件正截面承载力进行计算,并分析不同参数对型钢混凝土十字异形柱正截面承载力的影响。结果表明:计算结果与试验结果和有限元分析结果吻合较好。随着混凝土强度、配钢率、型钢屈服强度的增大,正截面承载力增大;随着配箍特征值的增大,正截面承载力增大,但增大幅度较小;不同轴压力、荷载角对正截面承载力的影响规律不同。型钢混凝土十字型异形柱与混凝土十字型异形柱相比,正截面承载力有较大提高。分析方法和计算程序有效、稳定、精确,能较为准确地预测型钢混凝土十字型异形柱正截面承载力。

墩粗钢筋在高强钢纤维混凝土中的黏结锚固性能

为探究墩粗钢筋与高强钢纤维混凝土之间的黏结锚固性能,以黏结长度、保护层厚度和钢筋类型为试验变量,开展拔出试验.通过黏结-滑移曲线、破坏模式、黏结强度及峰值滑移等分析墩粗钢筋-高强钢纤维混凝土的黏结-滑移性能.结果表明:混凝土的黏结强度随着黏结长度的增加而降低,且对墩粗钢筋试件的影响更明显;提高保护层厚度可以提升黏结性能,但作用有限;钢筋进行墩粗处理可以有效提高钢筋与混凝土之间的黏结强度,显著降低峰值滑移,改变破坏模式.基于试验数据,建立了混凝土的黏结-滑移关系.

拉剪复合作用下钢-混凝土组合梁高强螺栓连接件的力学性能研究

为了探究钢-混凝土组合梁高强螺栓连接件在拉剪复合作用下的承载性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了推出试件有限元模型,并通过与试验结果对比验证了数值模拟的可靠性。探讨了拉拔力荷载、螺栓预拉力、混凝土强度、螺栓预留孔隙和摩擦系数等参数对极限抗剪承载力、极限滑移和滑移后刚度的影响。分析结果表明:高强螺栓连接件的抗剪承载力随着拉拔力荷载的增大而减小,随着螺栓预拉力、混凝土强度和摩擦系数的增大而提高,预留孔隙对抗剪承载力影响较小,但对刚度影响较大。提出螺栓抗拉剪共同作用承载力计算公式,在拉剪共同作用极限状态下,剪力施力比随拉力施力比的增加而减小,二者呈线性负相关关系。

浅约束效应超体量钢箱混凝土力学行为研究

区别传统小尺寸的钢箱(管)混凝土结构,超体量钢箱混凝土结构尺寸大、截面含钢率低、板件宽厚比大,钢箱与混凝土之间的约束效应减弱,二者可能出现变形不协调的情况,呈现浅约束效应特征。小尺寸矩形钢管混凝土的力学行为已开展部分研究,却鲜有关于超体量钢箱混凝土的研究报道。为此,开展了浅约束效应超体量钢箱混凝土力学行为研究,首先建立了基于Abaqus的精细化模拟策略,作为超体量钢箱混凝土力学行为的底层模拟工具,并结合工程实例验证了其准确性。系统分析了超体量钢箱混凝土在轴压作用下的极限承载能力、结构韧性、截面应力分布发展情况、变形协调规律等力学指标,并与普通钢筋混凝土构件、圆形钢管混凝土构件进行了力学行为对比,详细阐明了超体量钢箱混凝土的浅约束效应。最后,考虑浅约束效应下钢箱对混凝土的强度提升,建立了超体量钢箱混凝土轴压承载力简化计算公式。研究成果可为拓宽超体量组合结构应用场景提供技术支撑。