Intervals of soft-sediment deformation structures are well-exposed in Jurassic lacustrine deposits in the western Qaidamu basin. Through field observation, many soft-sediment deformation structures can be identified, ...Intervals of soft-sediment deformation structures are well-exposed in Jurassic lacustrine deposits in the western Qaidamu basin. Through field observation, many soft-sediment deformation structures can be identified, such as convoluted bedding, liquefied sand veins, load and flame structures, slump structures and sliding-overlapping structures. Based on their genesis, soft-sediment deformation structures can be classified as three types： seismic induced structures, vertical loading structures, and horizontal shear structures. Based on their geometry and genesis analysis, they are seismic-induced structures. According to the characteristics of convoluted bedding structures and liquefied sand veins, it can be inferred that there were earthquakes greater than magnitude 6 in the study area during the middle Jurassic. Furthermore, the study of the slump structures and sliding- overlapping structures indicates that there was a southeastern slope during the middle Jurassic. Since the distance from the study area to the Altyn Mountain and the Altyn fault is no more than 10km, it can be also inferred that the Altyn Mountain existed then and that the AItyn strike-slip fault was active during the middle Jurassic.展开更多
文摘高精度、高分辨率的地形地貌数据是活动构造定量研究的重要基础数据。传统研究方法中,通过航卫片或遥感影像解译只能获取二维平面特征,中等分辨率DEM(5~10m网格单元)只适用于大尺度三维地貌特征的提取。激光雷达测量(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)技术可直接对地貌进行高精度、全方位的三维地表形态测量,为活动构造研究提供了精细的地貌形态数据,有助于深化对断裂带地表破裂过程和断裂活动特性的理解。文中选取青藏高原东北缘香山-天景山断裂带西段的景泰小红山断裂中一段断错地貌明显的断裂段作为研究对象,基于高精度LiDAR数据生成了景泰小红山断裂0.3m高分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM),沿断裂带详细识别并测量了地貌标志(冲沟、山脊和阶地)的断错位移,获得了地貌标志的82个水平位移和62个垂直位移,并分析了不同方向上的位移丛集特征。结果显示,沿断裂的水平与垂直位移均可识别出5个丛集,其中最小丛集可能指示最新一次地震的同震位移,而其它位移丛集则反映了断裂带多次地震活动累积的结果。通过对多个断错标志的水平和垂直位移合成的滑动矢量进行分析,可以看出该断层段的运动习性具有分段不均匀特征,不同段落的倾滑矢量有一定的差异。
基金The National Natural Science Fund(No:41172093)the research fund(No:2003042500820060425509)for the doctoral program of higher education from Ministry of Education for their financial support
文摘Intervals of soft-sediment deformation structures are well-exposed in Jurassic lacustrine deposits in the western Qaidamu basin. Through field observation, many soft-sediment deformation structures can be identified, such as convoluted bedding, liquefied sand veins, load and flame structures, slump structures and sliding-overlapping structures. Based on their genesis, soft-sediment deformation structures can be classified as three types： seismic induced structures, vertical loading structures, and horizontal shear structures. Based on their geometry and genesis analysis, they are seismic-induced structures. According to the characteristics of convoluted bedding structures and liquefied sand veins, it can be inferred that there were earthquakes greater than magnitude 6 in the study area during the middle Jurassic. Furthermore, the study of the slump structures and sliding- overlapping structures indicates that there was a southeastern slope during the middle Jurassic. Since the distance from the study area to the Altyn Mountain and the Altyn fault is no more than 10km, it can be also inferred that the Altyn Mountain existed then and that the AItyn strike-slip fault was active during the middle Jurassic.
