Design and Application of a Novel Wire Stripper

With the rapid development of the power industry,the work of the power electrician is becoming increasingly heavy,and the demand for improving work efficiency and reducing work intensity is becoming increasingly prominent.As one of the common tools of electric power,the design and application of wire stripper has an important influence on the efficiency and safety of electric power.This paper briefly analyzes the design and application of ceramic wire for electric power and electricians to provide a reference for the development of related fields.

Design study of charge-stripping scheme of heavy ion beams for HIAF-BRing

Charge strippers play an essential role in heavy-ion accelerators by stripping the projectile ions to higher charge states to enhance the acceleration efficiency downstream of the stripper.In the high-energy mode of the booster ring(BRing)of the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility,the pre-accelerated ions from the iLinac will be stripped by a carbon foil to higher charge states and then injected into the BRing.The key parameters of the stripper and stripped ions were calculated,and the influence of stripping on the beam quality was discussed.To get high stripping efficiencies,the foil thicknesses and resultant charge state distributions for the typical ions were determined by the code ETACHA.The equilibrium thickness was obtained for the U beam,while the stripper thicknesses for the Xe and Kr beams were determined based on a compromise between the stripped charge states and the stripping efficiency.The energy loss,energy straggling,and emittance growth due to stripping have a non-negligible impact on the transport of the stripped beams and the injection of the ring.Therefore,these parameters were simulated by GEANT4.In addition,the foil’s temperature evolution,which greatly affects the foil lifetime,was simulated by ANSYS.The maximum temperature of the foil bombarded by the U and Xe beams with the nominal parameters will exceed the safe value in terms of the impact of evaporation on the foil’s lifetime.Given the foil temperature constraint,the highest tolerable beam intensity and the injected ion number into the ring were derived for different beam sizes.The results of this paper will present important reference data for the optimization design and commissioning of the beamline and injection to the BRing for the stripped ions.

LDV measurements of particle velocity distribution in an annular stripper

Particle descent velocities in an annular stripper were measured by a laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV)system.In the radial direction,particle descent velocity was relatively constant in the mid-region of the stripper and increased towards the walls on both sides,exhibiting an anti-U-shaped distribution.Particle descent velocity in the radial mid-region increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity,and the maximum in the outer wall region increased significantly with the increase of solid mass flux.Superficial stripping gas velocity had stronger effect on particle velocity distributions near the stripper gas distributor,and such effect weakened with the increase of the distance from the distributor.Local particle velocity and its radial profiles could be adjusted by changing the superficial stripping gas velocity.Empirical formulas were established to describe the relationships between the local particle velocity and cross-sectional averaged velocity based on the effects of operating conditions and measuring positions.The result showed that the predicted data was in good agreement with the experimental value.

Simulation of Stripper Flooding Due to the Increase of Feed Flowrate

In this investigation, UniSim software and the Soave-Redlich-Kong (SRK) thermodynamic model were utilized to study flooding in a Naphta stripping column. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of increasing feed flowrate from a design load of 121 m3/hr. to 165 m3/hr. on the performance of the plate column. In order to study only flooding in the column, UniSim software was run by keeping the LPG (Liquefied Gas petroleum) and Naphta products within the required specifications. According to the original design specifications of the stripping column, it should not be operated at high feed rates and differential pressure must not exceed 600 mbar. For the purpose of simulation, this value corresponds to a maximum allowable flooding percentage of 85%. The simulation results show that the flooding percentage was 144.5% in the case under study and 83.7% for the design case. Flooding occurred in all parts of the column with diameters of 2 m and 2.7 m. For the case under investigation, the reflux to feed ratio was reduced from 0.45 (design case) to 0.2. The originality of this investigation is the utilization of the temperature profile in the column as a tool to detect the plates where flooding could take place. The column temperature profile during the case under study suggests instability in the plates between trays 5 to 15. It is therefore suspected that flooding takes place mainly between those plates.

Development of stripper harvesting for rice

Conventional machine harvesting involves cut-ting, collecting, transporting operation beforethe grain is threshed (Cutting prior to thresh-ing-CPT), and the handling of quantity ofstraw. The stripper harvesting system stripsthe grain as well as small scraps of leaves and

煤层气低产井区增产改造地质靶区优选方法与应用

盘活煤层气低产低效井是解决我国煤层气单井产量偏低问题的关键任务之一,在分析地质因素对煤层气井开发效果影响的基础上,提出基于“储层参数再认识-产气地质潜力评价-储集层结构特征分区-增产改造地质靶区”的煤层气低产井区增产改造靶区优选方法(增产改造靶区“四步”优选法)。利用煤层气开发老区的压裂和排采资料,结合钻井、测井、实验室测试等数据,建立煤层气地质参数再认识的计算模型,分析影响煤层气开发效果的煤储层关键参数;应用多层次模糊综合评价法,提出低产井产气潜力评价指标体系;基于构造和煤体结构垂向组合特征,建立储层煤体结构特征分区方法;最后制定一套煤层气低产井区增产改造地质靶区的优选方法。采用“四步”优选法,在沁水盆地南部柿庄南煤层气区块选出42口低产井,增产改造后单井平均产气量由310 m^(3)/d增至960 m^(3)/d,增长3倍多,且保持产气上升或稳产趋势,相比在靶区外实施的试验井的单井产气增量和总体成功率有较大提升。该方法为煤层气低产井的治理选区指明方向且提供地质支撑。

提高低效井开发效益的研究及应用

1998年东濮凹陷文、卫、马油田共有油井 5 2 7口 ,其中有 2 43口井由于存在高含水层、分层开采困难、井况破坏、污染堵塞、低渗透、偏磨频繁躺井等原因 ,投入产出比只有 1∶0 .82。 1 999年从技术经济学的角度 ,对文、卫、马油田产生低效井原因进行分析 ,针对每一种低效原因提出以经济效益为中心 ,以保持注采关系的相对完善为基础 ,采取地下、井筒、地面相结合的综合措施 ,实现了增油控躺、增效节支、提高开发效益的目的。对局部注采关系不完善井区 ,低效井转注 ,增加受效方向 ;采用大修、补孔、压裂、堵水等手段 ,有效益地挖掘层间潜力 ;对生产时率低、正见效或待见效井 ,适时提液。通过这些常规措施的实施 ,发挥了现有成熟工艺技术的最佳经济效果。对投入产出比在 1∶0 .85以上的井 ,依靠有效控制电量、治躺维持生产 ,节支创效 ;对低产低能或层间潜力小的高含水井 ,实施关井、间开、单拉、收油等措施 ,挖潜增效措施取得了显著效益 ,生产成本下降 3 1 .9% ,投入产出比达到 1∶1 .2 5。成熟常规工艺技术的综合利用值得进一步深入研究。图 1参

榆林气田南区低产井开发管理对策

榆林气田南区低产井储层物性较差、非均质性强，供气能力有限，产能低。若工作制度不合理，不仅频繁“间歇”，而且不利于提高采收率，同时作业量还大。为提升开发效果，提出了低产井“低配长稳”的技术思路，即综合考虑气井动、静态特征，进一步细化分类，优化工作制度，并辅以排水采气、井下节流等工艺措施。采用上述对策和措施后，物性相对较好、产能较高的A类井可连续稳定生产；物性差、产能低的B类井，以“长开短关”、“长关短开”和“冬季长关、夏季间开”的方式使原来长期停产井恢复生产能力，原来频繁间歇井减少了开、关井次数，并且“冬季长关”井可以借机测试压力；另一方面，节约了注醇量，减少了解堵频次，降低了安全生产风险及作业量，明显改善了低产井的开发效果。

美国低产油井产量变化规律与中国提高单井产量的实践

美国低产井数量庞大，其平均单井日产量仅为整体平均单井日产量的1/6，80% 的低产井生产了20% 的原油，但对美国原油产量具有重要意义，美国低产井管理经验值得借鉴。中国同样面临多井低产的挑战，低产井可分为3种类型：1低品位储量低产井；2高含水低产井；3低产不出液井。预测当中国石油天然气股份有限公司可采储量采出程度上升到90% 时，低产井井数比例将增至2/3，产量将占29%~35%，合理利用和保护低产井对于保障中国能源安全具有重要意义。中国稳定及提高单井产量的主要措施包括：重大开发试验转变开发方式提高稠油、滩海等低品位油田单井产量；老油田二次开发和注水开发专项治理工程提升高含水油田单井产量；水平井规模应用与储层改造技术突破提高低渗透油田单井产量等。

低产液井产液剖面解释方法实验研究

针对低产液井中常规涡轮流量计和电容含水率计存在非一致性响应这一问题，对低流量状态下仪器的响应进行了理论分析， 认为低产条件下影响流量计、持水率计响应的主要因素是仪器的结构和流体速度的不均匀分布。提出了校正改进方案及资料处理改进方法。实际应用表明， 改进方法具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。

沁中南煤层气典型低效区块地质单元划分

造成煤层气井低产低效的原因有地质及工程两大类,对低效井区开展地质单元划分是低产工程原因分析的基础,对落实低效井具体低产原因具有重要意义。选取沁中南典型低效区柿庄南区块,通过评价该区块各主要地质参数对生产井产气量的影响,优选出7类评价指标,构建了产量评价指标体系。在此基础上通过建立构造判断矩阵,根据1 000次正互反矩阵计算结果将柿庄南低效区块划分为5类地质单元。实际生产数据表明,地质单元划分结果与该区块产能特征吻合,为该区块工程低产原因分析及单井低产原因落实奠定了基础。

油井抽空控制技术研究与应用

随着油田的不断开发,油井产能降低,油井的系统效率也降低。供液能力过低往往使抽油泵不能正常工作,严重的产生液击,从而促使抽油泵过早损坏。文中研制一套低产油井抽空控制技术,通过实施在线的油井功图、电流的动态监测,反馈抽空控制特征参数抽油泵的的充满程度,以油井抽油泵充满度为确定间歇模式的主参量,通过抽空智能控制间歇泵抽,协调井底供排平衡,发挥油井最大潜能,实现油井产量最大化、电量消耗最小,提高油井效率,延长油井检泵周期。

低产非自喷井地层测试流动曲线解释方法

本文提供的方法，可对地层测试器（ＭＦＥ）测试的低产非自喷井流动数据（ｐｔ－ｔ）进行解释，同时给出地层压力、流动压力、日产油量和采油指数等多项参数。该解释方法具有可靠的理论依据，对不同类型的解释曲线均可提供相关程度很高的解释公式，它比目前矿场上采用的提升油管观察井筒中液面高度、用流动时间折算日产油量的方法更为科学、简便和实用。

低产气井配套工艺措施精细管理技术

低产气井的管理向来是天然气生产管理中的难点,根据榆林气田低产气井储层物性差,产能低,开发管理难度大等特点及生产过程中存在的问题,考虑气藏供气能力、储层保护、提高采收率、降低开发管理成本等因素,以动、静态资料相结合,不断优化配套工艺技术措施。有效的提高了低产气井的"三率",为低产井高效开发奠定基础,减少了甲醇注入量,节约了开发成本。

不能管输天然气的开发利用

不能管输天然气包括低产气井天然气和油田被空天然气，它们因气量小、就地无用户和远离输气系统等原因长期未得到开发利用，不仅造成资源的极大浪费，而且严重污染了油田地区的空气。本文针对不能管输天然气的气质特点，提出了采用固体脱硫剂（ＳＤＡ）、变压吸附（ＩＳＡ）、轻烃回收、吸附天然气（ＡＮＧ）和天然气汽车（ＮＧＶ）技术开发利用不能管输天然气的初步可行方案。通过分析、评价和对比，认为研制一套移动式天然气净化、轻烃回收和天然气贮运装置，将不能管输天然气就地进行净化、轻烃回收和吸附贮存，可得到ＡＮＧ、液化石油气（ＬＰＧ）和轻油三种产品。ＡＮＧ可作为家用燃料和汽车燃料，尤其作为汽车燃料，具有巨大的社会经济效益和环保效益。

海拉尔油田压裂技术现状与发展趋势

海拉尔油田属于复杂断块油田,岩石类型多样、岩性复杂多变、薄差储层发育、低孔低渗特征明显,水力压裂是其投产及增产的主要措施。针对海拉尔油田低产井的成因及特点进行分类,分析储层客观条件导致的水力压裂难点。阐述压裂技术在海拉尔盆地提高低产井产量上取得的进展,并结合生产现场和压裂技术的新需求,探讨进一步提高海拉尔油田压裂效果面临的难点,认为低伤害、低成本、高效环保的压裂液技术是下步开展压裂技术研究的主要方向。

低产油井酸化增产效果评价数学模型推导及应用

低产油井酸化增产效果中，常常含有解堵和改造两部分。依据达西渗流原理，推导出一种低产油井酸化增产效果的评价方法，利用措施前、后的采油指数和综合表皮系数计算出的JoD、J'o、ΔJ'o理、ΔJ6激和ΔJo总等评价参数，能够对增产效果进行精细描述，为油井酸化前期增产潜力评估和方案的制定提供依据。

油田开发后期低效井经济评价方法

应用盈亏平衡原理,确定了油由开发后期低效生产井最低经济产量界限的计算方法及图版,为优化单井产量、提高开发效益提供了一种经济评价手段。

井下封井器技术与推广应用

产层保护是油气井钻探和开发过程中的一个重要环节。欠平衡钻井是油气层保护的手段之一。井下封井器是一种能满足全过程的欠平衡钻井要求的井下工具。新疆石油管理局钻井工艺研究院成功研制了FJQ型井下封井器,打破国外产品的垄断局面,形成自己独有的拳头产品和技术,改变了我国主要欠平衡钻井设备和工具均依赖进口的现状。本文结合该工具的工作原理、结构特点及近两年的推广应用情况对该产品和工艺进行介绍。

分段压裂水平井吞吐补充能量方式优化

Q7断块E1f2油藏储层物性差,为典型的特低渗透薄互层油藏,采用长水平段水平井通过大型分段压裂获得产能。由于无法通过注水补充能量,Q7P1井分段压裂投产后,产量呈指数递减,后因严重供液不足而停采,因此有必要研究通过吞吐等方式补充能量恢复产能。在模型建立、相态拟合和历史拟合的基础上,应用油藏数值模拟技术优化不同吞吐方式吞吐参数,结合技术预测指标和经济预测指标对比优选吞吐方式,开展CO_2吞吐矿场试验,取得了较好的增产效果。