Upregulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of human neural progenitors by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8

BACKGROUND： Studies of several animal models of central nervous system diseases have shown that neural progenitor cells （NPCs） can migrate to injured tissues. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha （SDF-la）, and its primary physiological receptor CXCR4, have been shown to contribute to this process. OBJECTIVE： To investigate migration efficacy of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, and the regulatory roles of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） in SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of NPCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro, randomized, controlled, cellular and molecular biology study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University between October 2005 and November 2007. MATERIALS： SDF-1α and mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody were purchased from R＆D Systems, USA. TNF-αwas purchased from Biomyx Technology, USA and IL-8 was kindly provided by the Biotechnology Research Institute of Soochow University. METHODS： NPCs isolated from forebrain tissue of 9 to 10-week-old human fetuses were cultured in vitro. The cells were incubated with 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL TNF-α, or 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL IL-8, for 48 hours prior to migration assay. For antibody-blocking experiments, cells were further pretreated with 0, 20, and 40 μg/mL mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody for 2 hours. Subsequently, the transwell assay and CXCR4 blockade experiments were performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient. Serum-free culture medium without SDF-1α served as the negative control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The transwell assay was performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, which was blocked by fusion antibody against CXCR4. In addition, CXCR4 expression in human NPCs stimulated by TNF-α and IL-8 was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS： Results from the transwell assay demonstrated that SDF-1α was a strong chemoattractant for human NPCs （P 〈 0.01）, and 20 ng/mL produced the highest levels of migration. Anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody significantly blocked the chemotactic effect （P 〈 0.05）. Flow cytometry results showed that treatment with TNF-α and IL-8 resulted in increased CXCR4 expression and greater chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards SDF-1α（P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results demonstrated that SDF-la significantly attracted NPCs in vitro, and neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibody could block part of this chemotactic function. TNF-α and IL-8 increased chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards the SDF-1αgradient by upregulating CXCR4 expression in NPCs.

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1α promotes recruitment and differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells

BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration is a condition characterized by a reduction in the water and extracellular matrix content of the nucleus pulposus(NP) and is considered as one of the dominating contributing factors to low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor 1α(SDF-1α) and its receptor CX-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4) direct the migration of stem cells associated with injury repair in different musculoskeletal tissues.AIM To investigate the effects of SDF-1α on recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells(NPSCs).METHODS We performed real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the expression of SDF-1α in nucleus pulposus cells after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. An animal model of IVD degeneration was established using annular fibrosus puncture in rat coccygeal discs. Tissue samples were collected from normal control and degeneration groups.Differences in the expression of SDF-1α between the normal and degenerative IVDs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The migration capacity of NPSCs induced by SDF-1α was evaluated using wound healing and transwell migration assays. To determine the effect of SDF-1α on chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, we conducted cell micromass culture and examined the expression levels of Sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II. Moreover, the roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the migration and chondrogenesis differentiation of NPSCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and real-time RT-PCR.RESULTS SDF-1α was significantly upregulated in the native IVD cells cultured in vitro with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the level of SDF-1α was also significantly higher in the degenerative group than in the normal group. SDF-1α enhanced the migration capacity of NPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SDF-1α induced chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic markers using histological and immunoblotting analyses. Realtime RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence showed that SDF-1αnot only increased CXCR4 expression but also stimulated translocation of CXCR4 from the cytoplasm to membrane, accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement.Furthermore, blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 effectively suppressed the SDF-1α-induced migration and differentiation capacities of NPSCs.CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that SDF-1α has the potential to enhance recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs via SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis signals that contribute to IVD regeneration.

Akt-centered amplification loop plays a critical role in vascular endothelial growth factor/stromal cell-derived factor 1-αcross-talk and cardioprotection

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is one of major mediators of angiogenesis and survival factor in some tissue, however, its direct effects on cardiomyocytes remain poorly understood. Methods Rat neonatal ventricular myocytes were cultured in vitro. Akt phosphorylation was measured by Western blotting; the expression of stromal cell-derived factor α（SDF-1α）/CXCR4 axis was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. LY294002 and AMD3100 were used to interfere with the signaling of VEGF and SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. Cardiac myocytes viability and injury were evaluated by trypan blue staining and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） release. Results Treatment of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with VEGF induced phosphorylation of Akt in a dose and FIk-1 dependent manner. VEGF attenuated H202 induced cardiac myocyte death. The phosphoinositol-3-kinase （PI3K） inhibitor, LY294002 and FIk-1 antibody abolished the beneficial effects of VEGF on H202 induced cell death. In the mean time SDF-1α-CXCR4 axis was up-regulated by VEGF through PI3K-Akt signaling and contributed to the protective effects of VEGF on H202 induced cell death. Interestingly, SDF-1α also promoted production of VEGF in cultured cardiac myocytes and LY294002 reversed the up-reguLation of VEGF induced by SDF-1α. Conclusion VEGF has direct protective effects on cardiomyocytes; a crosstalk between VEGF and SDF-1α through PI3K-Akt serves a survival role in cardiomvocvtes in vitro.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1α regulates chondrogenic differentiation via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mesenchymal stem cells

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been applied to treat degenerative articular diseases,and stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α)may enhance their therapeutic efficacy.However,the regulatory effects of SDF-1αon cartilage differentiation remain largely unknown.Identifying the specific regulatory effects of SDF-1αon MSCs will provide a useful target for the treatment of degenerative articular diseases.AIM To explore the role and mechanism of SDF-1αin cartilage differentiation of MSCs and primary chondrocytes.METHODS The expression level of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)in MSCs was assessed by immunofluorescence.MSCs treated with SDF-1αwere stained for alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and with Alcian blue to observe differentiation.Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9,aggrecan,collagen II,runt-related transcription factor 2,collagen X,and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)13 in untreated MSCs,of aggrecan,collagen II,collagen X,and MMP13 in SDF-1α-treated primary chondrocytes,of glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β)p-GSK3βandβ-catenin expression in SDF-1α-treated MSCs,and of aggrecan,collagen X,and MMP13 in SDF-1α-treated MSCs in the presence or absence of ICG-001(SDF-1αinhibitor).RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed CXCR4 expression in the membranes of MSCs.ALP stain was intensified in MSCs treated with SDF-1αfor 14 d.The SDF-1αtreatment promoted expression of collagen X and MMP13 during cartilage differentiation,whereas it had no effect on the expression of collagen II or aggrecan nor on the formation of cartilage matrix in MSCs.Further,those SDF-1α-mediated effects on MSCs were validated in primary chondrocytes.SDF-1αpromoted the expression of p-GSK3βandβ-catenin in MSCs.And,finally,inhibition of this pathway by ICG-001(5μmol/L)neutralized the SDF-1α-mediated up-regulation of collagen X and MMP13 expression in MSCs.CONCLUSION SDF-1αmay promote hypertrophic cartilage differentiation in MSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.These findings provide further evidence for the use of MSCs and SDF-1αin the treatment of cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 targets IGF1R signaling transduction to facilitate metastasis and imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are typical gastrointestinal tract neoplasms.Imatinib is the first-line therapy for GIST patients.Drug resistance limits the long-term effectiveness of imatinib.The regulatory effect of insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2)has been confirmed in various cancers and is related to resistance to chemotherapy and a worse prognosis.AIM To further investigate the mechanism of IGF2 specific to GISTs.METHODS IGF2 was screened and analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO:GSE225819)data.After IGF2 knockdown or overexpression by transfection,the phenotypes(proliferation,migration,invasion,apoptosis)of GIST cells were characterized by cell counting kit 8,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays.We used western blotting to evaluate pathway-associated and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated proteins.We injected transfected cells into nude mice to establish a tumor xenograft model and observed the occurrence and metastasis of GIST.RESULTS Data from the GEO indicated that IGF2 expression is high in GISTs,associated with liver metastasis,and closely related to drug resistance.GIST cells with high expression of IGF2 had increased proliferation and migration,invasiveness and EMT.Knockdown of IGF2 significantly inhibited those activities.In addition,OEIGF2 promoted GIST metastasis in vivo in nude mice.IGF2 activated IGF1R signaling in GIST cells,and IGF2/IGF1R-mediated glycolysis was required for GIST with liver metastasis.GIST cells with IGF2 knockdown were sensitive to imatinib treatment when IGF2 overexpression significantly raised imatinib resistance.Moreover,2-deoxy-D-glucose(a glycolysis inhibitor)treatment reversed IGF2 overexpressionmediated imatinib resistance in GISTs.CONCLUSION IGF2 targeting of IGF1R signaling inhibited metastasis and decreased imatinib resistance by driving glycolysis in GISTs.

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 and fibroblast growth factor 21 in alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND The importance of early diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease underscores the need to seek better and especially non-invasive diagnostic procedures.Leukocyte cellderived chemotaxin-2(LECT2)has been widely studied to determine its usefulness in monitoring the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but not for alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC).AIM To determine the concentration of LECT2 in the blood serum of patients in relation to progressive stages of ALC,its relation to fibroblast growth factor 1(FGF-1)and FGF-21,and to examine the possible wider use of LECT2 in diagnosing ALC.METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 69 ALC cases and 17 controls with no ALC.Subjects were recruited from the region of Lublin(eastern Poland).Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed based on clinical features,history of heavy alcohol consumption,laboratory tests,and abdominal ultrasonography.The degree of ALC was evaluated according to Pugh-Child criteria(the Pugh-Child score).Blood was drawn and,after centrifugation,serum was collected for analysis.LECT2,FGF-1,and FGF-21 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS The LECT2 Levels in the control group were 18.99±5.36 ng/mL.In the study groups,they declined with the progression of cirrhosis to 11.06±6.47 ng/mL in one group and to 8.06±5.74 ng/mL in the other(P<0.0001).Multiple comparison tests confirmed the statistically significant differences in LECT2 Levels between the control group and both test groups(P=0.006 and P<0.0001).FGF-21 Levels were 44.27±64.19 pg/mL in the first test group,45.4±51.69 pg/mL in the second(P=0.008),and 13.52±7.51 pg/mL in the control group.The difference between the control group and the second test group was statistically significant(P=0.007).CONCLUSION We suggest that LECT2 may be a non-invasive diagnostic factor for alcoholinduced liver cirrhosis.The usefulness of LECT2 for non-invasive monitoring of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis was indirectly confirmed by the multiple regression model developed on the basis of our statistical analysis.

STI571 (Glivec) suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell line,GIST-T1

AIM： To estimate whether S-TI571 inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST） cells. METHODS： We used GIST cell line, GIST-T1. It has a heterogenic 57-bp deletion in exon 11 to produce a mutated c-KIT, which results in constitutive activation of c-KIT. Cells were treated with/without STI571 or stem cell factor （SCF）. Transcription and expression of VEGF were determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry or Western blotting, respectively. Activated c-KIT was estimated by immunoprecipitation analysis. Cell viability was determined by PITT assay. RESULTS： Activation of c-KIT was inhibited by STI571 treatment. VEGF was suppressed at both the transcriptional and translational levels in a temporal and dose-dependent manner by STI571. SCF upregulated the expression of VEGF and it was inhibited by S-13571. STI571 also reduced the cell viability of the GIST-T1 cells, as determined by PTT assay. CONCLUSION： Activation of c-KIT in the GIST-T1 regulated the expression of VEGF and it was inhibited by ST571. STI571 has antitumor effects on the GIST cells with respect to not only the inhibition of cell growth, but also the suppression of VEGF expression.

Emodin and baicalein inhibit pancreatic stromal derived factor-1 expression in rats with acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is an efficacious leukocyte chemoattractant, which can attract lymphocytes and mononuclear cells from bloodstream into the site of inflammation. Emodin., an anthraquinone derivative from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and baicalein, a flavone from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, both have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. The expression pattern of SDF-1 in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) and the effect of emodin or baicalein on that are not well defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin and baicalein on pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (reflecting leukocyte sequestration) and cytokine production, as well as tissue SDF-1 expression in the setting of AP. METHODS: A :rat model of AP was induced by administration (of 5% sodium taurocholate through the biliopancreatic duct. The level of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MPO in the pancreas, and serum amylase were tested by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and chromatometry. The expressions of SDF-1 alpha and SDF-1 beta were detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: Combination of emodin and baicalein significantly reduced pancreatic TNIP-alpha, IL-6 and MPO, and also inhibited pancreatic SDF-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of SDF-1 expression by emodin and baicalein might contribute, in part at least, to the amelioration of pancreatic inflammation. The present study also shows benefits of simultaneous treatment of AP.

MRI联合血清SDF-1、NDRG4诊断卵巢癌的应用价值

目的 分析磁共振成像(MRI)联合血清基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)、N-myc下游调节因子4(NDRG4)诊断卵巢癌的应用价值。方法 选取2021年11月至2023年11月本院收治的96例经病理学确诊的卵巢癌患者即为卵巢癌组,同期收治确诊为卵巢良性肿瘤患者96例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清中SDF-1、NDRG4水平;血清SDF-1、NDRG4对卵巢癌的诊断价值绘制ROC曲线。采用四格表检测MRI联合血清SDF-1、NDRG4对卵巢癌的诊断价值。结果 与对照组相比,卵巢癌组患者血清中SDF-1水平显著升高, NDRG4水平显著降低(P<0.05)。卵巢癌患者血清SDF-1、NDRG4水平与TNM分期、琳巴结转移、分化程度、 CA125相关(P<0.05)。血清SDF-1、NDRG4联合诊断卵巢癌发生的AUC显著高于单独诊断的AUC值(Z_(SDF-1~SDF-1+NDRG4)=2.084,P=0.037;Z_(NDRG4~SDF-1+NDRG4)=2.570,P=0.010)。MRI联合血清SDF-1、NDRG4检测诊断卵巢癌的敏感性低于单一指标,特异性高于单一指标。结论 卵巢癌患者血清中SDF-1高表达、NDRG4低表达, MRI联合血清SDF-1、NDRG4检测能够提高对卵巢癌的诊断效能。

基质细胞衍生因子1在软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用

背景:骨性关节炎是一种以软骨退变和软骨下骨异常骨重塑为特征的退行性病变。近年来,许多研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1在骨性关节炎的病理进展中发挥关键作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1及其CXC趋化因子受体4型和CXC趋化因子受体7型组成的信号通路是预防和治疗骨性关节炎的新方法。目的:综述基质细胞衍生因子1参与调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞及破骨细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的作用,以及这些细胞相互作用,探究导致软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑而加速骨性关节炎病理进展的机制,以期为骨性关节炎的防治提供新的思路。方法:以“基质细胞衍生因子1,软骨,软骨细胞,软骨下骨,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,CXC趋化因子受体4型,CXC趋化因子受体7型”为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方和维普数据库,以“Stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1,CXCL12,cartilage,chondrocyte,subchondral bone,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,CXCR4,CXCR7”为英文检索词检索PubMed、Medline和Embase数据库,检索各数据库建库至2024年1月的相关文献,根据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①基质细胞衍生因子1调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞迁移、增殖、分化和死亡,在维持软骨和软骨下骨稳态以及促进或抑制骨性关节炎软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑等病理过程中均发挥至关重要的作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路有望成为今后防治骨性关节炎研究的重点。②由于基质细胞衍生因子1亚型在组织之间表达量的差异,目前以基质细胞衍生因子1α研究最为广泛,基质细胞衍生因子1β和基质细胞衍生因子1γ的相关研究多集中在探索影响干细胞生物学行为、在调控软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用,与骨性关节炎的相关性尚不清楚。③基质细胞衍生因子1能够有效促进干细胞归巢至软骨损伤部位,并诱导其增殖、存活及成软骨分化和应用负载基质细胞衍生因子1的生物支架来改善软骨修复质量已成为软骨组织工程研究的热点;然而,已有研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1可促进骨髓间充质干细胞向肥大型软骨细胞分化,而新生软骨细胞肥大表型会造成软骨内骨形成,软骨细胞凋亡,整个组织发生血管化和骨化,影响最终软骨修复的质量;另外,不同支架与基质细胞衍生因子1组合在修复部分软骨损伤和全层软骨损伤时,再生组织不都是理想的透明软骨组织。因而,未来深入探寻基质细胞衍生因子1在干细胞生物学效应中的潜在机制以及基质细胞衍生因子1与支架组合在修复不同软骨缺损的最佳组合方式将有助于提升软骨修复质量。④目前有关CXC趋化因子受体4型拮抗剂的研究主要集中在AMD3100,T140和TN14003,且绝大部分处于基础实验阶段,有待临床转化。针对基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路开发的治疗药物、方法的安全性、有效性仍需大量的生物学和临床试验加以佐证。

KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) associated with neurofibromatosis are uncommon compared to their gastrointestinal counterparts. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1) have an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal tumors, including rare types such as GIST.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male Chinese patient was diagnosed with NF-1 10 years ago and presented with upper abdominal discomfort and black stools. Endoscopic ultrasonography and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a mass located 4 cm from the muscular layer of the descending duodenum. A 59-year-old Chinese woman who was diagnosed with NF-1 25 years ago presented with sudden unconsciousness and black stools. Multiple masses in the duodenum were noted by echogastroscopy and an enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan. Both patients presented with cutaneous neurofibromas. The histologic examination of tumors from both patients revealed spindle cells and low mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed strong positivity for KIT(CD117), DOG-1, CD34, and Dehydrogenase Complex Subunit B, and negativity for SMA, desmin, S-100, and β-catenin. None of the six tumors from two patients had KIT exon 9, 11, 13, or 17 or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α exon 12 or 18 mutation, which is a typical finding for sporadic GISTs. None of the six tumors from the two patients had a BRAFV600 E mutation. The patients were alive and well during the follow-up period(range:0.6-5 yr).CONCLUSION There have been only a few previous reports of GISTs associated with NF-1.Although GISTs associated with NF-1 have morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities with GISTs, the pathogenesis, incidence,genetic background, and prognosis are not completely known. A medical history of NF-1 in a patient who has gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia and an intraabdominal mass with nonspecific computed tomography features may help in diagnosing GIST by virtue of the well-known association of these two entities.Molecular genetic studies of cases indicated that GISTs in NF-1 patients have a different pathogenesis than sporadic GISTs.

Osteogenic Potential of Cultured Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Transfected with Transforming Growth Factor β_1 Gene in vitro

To study the osteogenic potential of cultured bone marrow stromal cells transfected with transforming growth factor β 1 gene in vitro , cultured BMSCs were transfected with the complexes of pcDNA 3 TGF β 1 and Lipofectamine Reagent in vitro . The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method and the morphological features of transfected BMSCs was observed. ALP stains and PNP method were used to measure ALP activity. In addition, the collagen type Ⅰ propeptides and mineralized matrixes were examined by immunohistochemical staining and tetracycline fluorescence labeling respectively. The morphological and biological characters of the transfected BMSCs were similar to those of osteoblasts and the cell proliferation was promoted. The cell layer displayed strong positive reaction for ALP stains and immunohistochemical staining. ALP activity and collagen type Ⅰ expression increased remarkably after transfection. Mineralized matrixes formed earlier and more in transfected BMSCs as compared with control group. It is concluded that transfecting with TGF β 1 gene could promote the osteogenic potential of cultured BMSCs.

基质细胞衍生因子1修饰左旋聚乳酸多孔微球促进软骨细胞增殖和组织形成

背景:二维培养条件下的软骨细胞增殖及表型维持受限,多孔微球作为支架材料可提供三维培养环境,以更好地模拟体内生长条件。基质细胞衍生因子1是有强趋化效力的稳态细胞因子,能够促进细胞的黏附与增殖。目的:明确接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球对软骨细胞生物学特性及软骨组织形成的影响。方法:(1)体外验证不同质量浓度基质细胞衍生因子1对兔软骨细胞增殖、迁移、表型维持的影响。(2)采用复乳法制备左旋聚乳酸多孔微球,利用碳二亚胺法将基质细胞衍生因子1接枝于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,通过酶联免疫吸附实验及孵育基质细胞衍生因子1特异荧光抗体验证接枝情况。(3)将兔软骨细胞分别接种于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球、接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,检测细胞增殖与黏附。(4)在裸鼠背部皮下分别植入甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(对照组)、左旋聚乳酸多孔微球-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(多孔微球组)、接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(多孔微球修饰组),8周后取材,分别进行组织学染色与成软骨相关基因qRT-PCR检测。结果与结论:(1)相较于0,1 000 ng/mL基质细胞衍生因子1,500 ng/mL基质细胞衍生因子1可促进软骨细胞的增殖与迁移,提升软骨细胞内Ⅱ型胶原、弹性蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原、Bcl-2 mRNA表达;(2)基质细胞衍生因子1成功接枝于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,接枝率为93.75%;(3)相较于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球,接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球可促进软骨细胞的增殖、黏附;(4)裸鼠皮下植入8周后,相较于对照组、多孔微球组,多孔微球修饰组具有更明显的软骨陷窝结构、更丰富的软骨特异性基质和Ⅱ型胶原沉积,弹性蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原、增殖细胞核抗原、Bcl-2 mRNA表达升高。结果表明:接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球有利于软骨细胞的黏附、增殖、表型维持以及体内软骨组织形成。

肺炎支原体感染诱发哮喘患儿血清SDF-1、PGRN水平及对预后的预测价值

目的研究肺炎支原体(MP)感染诱发哮喘患儿血清基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)、颗粒蛋白前体(PGRN)水平变化及其对预后的预测价值。方法选择2020年2月至2022年4月在榆林市星元医院检查确诊并进行治疗的268例MP感染患儿,根据是否诱发哮喘分为哮喘组和MP组。另选取同期于榆林市星元医院体检健康的儿童125例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测所有研究对象血清SDF-1、PGRN、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平;采用肺功能测试仪检测所有研究对象用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV 1)、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)。经治疗出院后对MP感染诱发哮喘患儿进行6个月的随访,将临床症状恢复正常、CT检测无异常的患儿归为预后良好组,出现复发或其他情况的患儿归为预后不良组。采用Pearson相关分析MP感染诱发哮喘患儿血清SDF-1、PGRN水平与炎症因子、IgE水平的相关性;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响MP感染诱发哮喘患儿预后的因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清SDF-1、PGRN对MP感染诱发哮喘患儿预后的预测价值。结果与对照组相比,MP组与哮喘组血清SDF-1、CRP、IL-8、IgE水平升高,而血清PGRN水平及肺功能指标FVC、FEV 1、MMEF降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与MP组相比,哮喘组血清SDF-1、CRP、IL-8、IgE水平升高,而血清PGRN水平及肺功能指标FVC、FEV 1、MMEF降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经随访,预后良好组89例,预后不良组67例。预后不良组血清SDF-1、CRP、IL-8、IgE水平高于预后良好组,而血清PGRN水平低于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MP感染诱发哮喘患儿血清SDF-1水平与CRP、IL-8、IgE水平呈正相关(P<0.05),PGRN水平与CRP、IL-8、IgE水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,有家族哮喘史及血清SDF-1、CRP、IL-8、IgE水平升高均是MP感染诱发哮喘患儿预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05),PGRN水平升高是MP感染诱发哮喘患儿预后不良的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清SDF-1、PGRN单项及2项联合预测MP感染诱发哮喘患儿预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.787(95%CI:0.714~0.848)、0.808(95%CI:0.738~0.867)、0.883(95%CI:0.822~0.929),2项联合预测的AUC大于SDF-1、PGRN单项预测(Z=3.492、2.966,P<0.05)。结论MP感染诱发哮喘患儿血清SDF-1水平上升,PGRN水平下降,SDF-1、PGRN 2项联合预测MP感染诱发哮喘患儿预后不良的效能较高。

NONHSAT248596.1内源性竞争miR-146a-5p调控骨关节炎软骨退变的机制

背景:目前已有针对lncRNA\miRNA\mRNA的共表达网络对骨关节炎发生发展调控机制的研究,课题组前期研究已通过数据库筛选出符合条件的NONHSAT248596.1和miR-146a-5p,尚缺乏体内实验来验证上述调控机制。目的:探究NONHSAT248596.1在基质细胞衍生因子1/4型趋化因子受体轴介导体内骨关节炎软骨退变进程中对miR-146a-5p发挥的竞争性内源性RNA调控作用。方法:取36只新西兰兔,通过向右侧后肢膝关节注射基质细胞衍生因子1溶液建立骨关节炎模型,采用随机数字表法分4组,lncRNA组、miRNA组、ceRNA组、对照组分别向造模膝关节内注射NONHSAT248596.1过表达的慢病毒载体、miR-146a-5p过表达的慢病毒载体、miR-146a-5p+NONHSAT248596.1过表达的慢病毒载体及空慢病毒载体。造模第4,8,12周,取膝关节软骨组织和软骨下骨组织进行相关检测。结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红与番红O固绿染色显示,4组软骨组织都有不同程度的退变表现,造模第4周时,lncRNA组软骨组织中的软骨细胞肿胀、细胞极性消失,细胞外基质破坏,出现表层糜烂、裂缝形成和软骨组织局部或全层缺失,并随时间延长软骨损伤程度逐渐加重,4组中miRNA组关节软骨炎症进展最缓慢;②qRT-PCR检测显示,相同时间点下,lncRNA组软骨组织中NONHSAT248596.1、4型趋化因子受体、基质金属蛋白酶3,9及13的mRNA表达量高于其他3组(P<0.05),miR-146a-5p、聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达量低于其他3组(P<0.05);造模后第8,12周,miRNA组软骨组织中的NONHSAT248596.1、4型趋化因子受体、基质金属蛋白酶3,9及13的mRNA表达量低于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05),miR-146a-5p、聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达量高于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05);③Western Blot检测显示,相同时间点下,lncRNA组软骨组织中的聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达量始终低于其他3组(P<0.05);miRNA组造模后第8,12周软骨组织中的聚集蛋白聚糖及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达量高于ceRNA组、对照组(P<0.05);④结果表明,miR-146a-5p作为NONHSAT248596.1的作用靶点会受到其竞争性内源性RNA的作用造成活性被抑制,NONHSAT248596.1作用于miR-146a-5p后调控基质细胞衍生因子1/4型趋化因子受体轴,影响骨关节炎软骨组织中基质金属蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原、聚集蛋白聚糖的表达,造成细胞外基质的降解及蛋白多糖的丢失。

TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL在义齿修复后种植体周围炎患者龈沟液中的表达及意义

目的研究胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)在义齿修复后种植体周围炎(PI)患者龈沟液中的表达及意义。方法回顾性选取2019年8月至2023年8月大同市第五人民医院收治的义齿修复患者86例作为研究对象,根据术后3个月是否发生PI将患者分为预后良好组(n=61)和预后不良组(n=25)。比较两组患者的临床资料及术前龈沟液TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析对龈沟液TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平与义齿修复患者术后发生PI的关系进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平对义齿修复患者的预后评估价值。结果两组患者临床资料(性别、年龄、病程、义齿种植原因及种植颗数)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。预后良好组患者的龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平分别为(122.57±11.30)ng/L、(417.79±115.43)ng/mL、(116.02±13.45)pg/μL,均明显低于预后不良组[(138.93±12.70)ng/L、(576.55±177.60)ng/mL、(133.24±15.69)pg/μL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析义齿修复患者预后,结果显示龈沟液中TSLP水平升高、HIF-1α水平升高和RANKL水平升高是义齿修复患者术后发生PI的独立危险因素(OR=1.119,95%CI:1.048~1.195;OR=1.007,95%CI:1.002~1.013;OR=1.065,95%CI:1.016~1.117;P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平预测义齿修复患者预后的价值,结果显示曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.833、0.786和0.809。其中,RANKL具有最高的特异度(0.852),而HIF-1α具有最高的敏感度(0.800),具有较好的预测价值(P<0.05)。结论龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平升高是义齿修复患者术后并发PI的独立危险因素,且均具有较高的预测义齿修复患者预后的价值。

兔肩袖腱骨愈合过程中基质细胞衍生因子1的表达及作用机制

背景:近年在腱骨损伤领域部分学者将基质细胞衍生因子1搭载在组织工程支架上用以促进腱骨愈合,取得了较好的成效,但在基质细胞衍生因子1促进腱骨愈合机制及自然愈合过程中其是否参与修复,目前尚未明确。目的:研究兔肩袖全层冈上肌断裂后腱骨愈合过程中基质细胞衍生因子1表达,及其在腱骨损伤时对干细胞的迁移作用和最佳体外促迁移浓度。方法:随机取成年新西兰大白兔18只建立肩袖损伤模型,另取3只为空白对照。于造模后3,5,7,14,21,28 d各处死3只并处死空白组兔,取腱骨连接处组织保存在-80℃冰箱。应用ELISA反应检测损伤后各时间点愈合处基质细胞衍生因子1表达。取幼兔股骨骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养鉴定,通过transwell实验验证基质细胞衍生因子1对干细胞的促迁移作用效果及体外促迁移最佳浓度,将培养到P3代的干细胞与Brdu共培养后注入兔耳缘静脉,通过免疫组化染色验证干细胞是否迁移至损伤处。结果与结论:①基质细胞衍生因子1在肩袖腱骨愈合过程呈双峰表达,于伤后3 d明显增高(P<0.01)随后下降,于伤后5 d达最低,后再次升高于伤后14 d达峰值(P<0.01),然后下降;②细胞免疫组化染色可见标记有Brdu的干细胞确有迁移至损伤处;③transwell实验结果表明60-80 ng/mL的基质细胞衍生因子1对干细胞促迁移效果最好,而200 ng/mL浓度反而会起到抑制迁移作用;④基质细胞衍生因子1参与了肩袖腱骨愈合的炎症反应期和增殖期的愈合过程,其作用机制可能为通过促进干细胞迁移至损伤处并分化为各类细胞促进修复,并且基质细胞衍生因子1的促迁移作用存在于一定浓度范围,超出范围则可能起到抑制作用。

胃癌组织中SDF-1、HER2及Slug表达与患者临床病理特征的相关性

目的分析基质细胞衍生因子1(SDF-1)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、锌指转录因子(Slug)在胃癌组织内的表达及与患者临床病理特征间的关系。方法选取73例胃癌患者,采集其癌组织与癌旁正常组织,以免疫组织化学法检测对比两者SDF-1、HER2及Slug的表达差异;另收集患者的年龄等资料,统计分析SDF-1、HER2及Slug表达与胃癌患者各项临床病理特征间的联系。结果癌组织的SDF-1、HER2、Slug阳性表达率高于癌旁正常组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SDF-1、HER2、Slug阳性表达与胃癌患者的年龄、性别无关(P>0.05),与患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度有关(P<0.05)。结论SDF-1、HER2、Slug在胃癌组织内呈异常高表达,且其参与胃癌的侵袭、发展过程。

DOG1 is useful for diagnosis of KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumor of stomach

Approximately 80%-95%of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)show positive staining for KIT,while the other 5%-20%show negative staining.If the tumor is negative for KIT,but is positive for CD34,a histological diagnosis is possible.However,if the tumor is negative for KIT,CD34,S-100,and SMA,a definitive diagnosis is often challenging.Recently,Discovered on GIST-1(DOG1)has received considerable attention as a useful molecule for the diagnosis of GIST.DOG1,a membrane channel protein,is known to be overexpressed in GIST.Because the sensitivity and specificity of DOG1 are higher than those of KIT,positive staining for DOG1has been reported,even in KIT-negative GISTs.KITnegative GISTs most commonly arise in the stomach and are mainly characterized by epithelioid features histologically.We describe our experience with a rare case of a KIT-negative GIST of the stomach that was diagnosed by positive immunohistochemical staining for DOG1 in a patient who presented with severe anemia.Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical staining for DOG1,in addition to gene analysis,is useful for the diagnosis of KIT-negative tumors that are suspected to be GISTs.