Wittgenstein is widely viewed as a potential critic of a key philosophical assumption of the Strong Artificial Intelligence （AI） thesis, namely, that it is in principle possible to build a programmed machine which c...Wittgenstein is widely viewed as a potential critic of a key philosophical assumption of the Strong Artificial Intelligence （AI） thesis, namely, that it is in principle possible to build a programmed machine which can achieve real intelligence. Smart Shanker has provided the most systematic reconstruction of the Wittgensteinian argument against AI, building on Wittgenstein＇s own statements, the ＂rule-following＂ feature of language-games, and the putative alliance between AI and psychologism. This article will attempt to refute this reconstruction and its constituent arguments, thereby paving the way for a new and amicable rather than agonistic conception of the Wittgensteinian position on AI.展开更多
In general,members of all different cultures are concerned about the cosmological query“What it is all about”.In the literature,many commentaries are available to us on the question.Nevertheless,a comprehensive,brie...In general,members of all different cultures are concerned about the cosmological query“What it is all about”.In the literature,many commentaries are available to us on the question.Nevertheless,a comprehensive,brief summary,as below,of the state of this inquiry on the subject may be helpful.展开更多
The recently introduced theory of practopoiesis offers an account on how adaptive intelligent systems are organized. According to that theory, biological agents adapt at three levels of organization and this structure...The recently introduced theory of practopoiesis offers an account on how adaptive intelligent systems are organized. According to that theory, biological agents adapt at three levels of organization and this structure applies also to our brains. This is referred to as tri-traversal theory of the organization of mind or for short, a T3-structure. To implement a similar T3-organization in an artificially intelligent agent, it is necessary to have multiple policies, as usually used as a concept in the theory of reinforcement learning. These policies have to form a hierarchy. We define adaptive practopoietic systems in terms of hierarchy of policies and calculate whether the total variety of behavior required by real-life conditions of an adult human can be satisfactorily accounted for by a traditional approach to artificial intelligence based on T2-agents, or whether a T3-agent is needed instead. We conclude that the complexity of real life can be dealt with appropriately only by a T3-agent. This means that the current approaches to artifidal intelligence, such as deep architectures of neural networks, will not suffice with fixed network architectures. Rather, they will need to be equipped with intelligent mechanisms that rapidly alter the architectures of those networks.展开更多
Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)is a production method based on artificial intelligence(AI)technology that finds rules through data and automatically generates content.In contrast to computational intel...Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)is a production method based on artificial intelligence(AI)technology that finds rules through data and automatically generates content.In contrast to computational intelligence,generative AI,as exemplified by ChatGPT,exhibits characteristics that increasingly resemble human-level comprehension and creation processes.This paper provides a detailed technical framework and history of ChatGPT,followed by an examination of the challenges posed to political security,military security,economic security,cultural security,social security,ethical security,legal security,machine escape problems,and information leakage.Finally,this paper discusses the potential opportunities that AIGC presents in the realms of politics,military,cybersecurity,society,and public safety education.展开更多
文摘Wittgenstein is widely viewed as a potential critic of a key philosophical assumption of the Strong Artificial Intelligence （AI） thesis, namely, that it is in principle possible to build a programmed machine which can achieve real intelligence. Smart Shanker has provided the most systematic reconstruction of the Wittgensteinian argument against AI, building on Wittgenstein＇s own statements, the ＂rule-following＂ feature of language-games, and the putative alliance between AI and psychologism. This article will attempt to refute this reconstruction and its constituent arguments, thereby paving the way for a new and amicable rather than agonistic conception of the Wittgensteinian position on AI.
文摘In general,members of all different cultures are concerned about the cosmological query“What it is all about”.In the literature,many commentaries are available to us on the question.Nevertheless,a comprehensive,brief summary,as below,of the state of this inquiry on the subject may be helpful.
基金supported by Hertie Foundation and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
文摘The recently introduced theory of practopoiesis offers an account on how adaptive intelligent systems are organized. According to that theory, biological agents adapt at three levels of organization and this structure applies also to our brains. This is referred to as tri-traversal theory of the organization of mind or for short, a T3-structure. To implement a similar T3-organization in an artificially intelligent agent, it is necessary to have multiple policies, as usually used as a concept in the theory of reinforcement learning. These policies have to form a hierarchy. We define adaptive practopoietic systems in terms of hierarchy of policies and calculate whether the total variety of behavior required by real-life conditions of an adult human can be satisfactorily accounted for by a traditional approach to artificial intelligence based on T2-agents, or whether a T3-agent is needed instead. We conclude that the complexity of real life can be dealt with appropriately only by a T3-agent. This means that the current approaches to artifidal intelligence, such as deep architectures of neural networks, will not suffice with fixed network architectures. Rather, they will need to be equipped with intelligent mechanisms that rapidly alter the architectures of those networks.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China[NSFC41971366,4231476]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China[buctrc202132].
文摘Artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)is a production method based on artificial intelligence(AI)technology that finds rules through data and automatically generates content.In contrast to computational intelligence,generative AI,as exemplified by ChatGPT,exhibits characteristics that increasingly resemble human-level comprehension and creation processes.This paper provides a detailed technical framework and history of ChatGPT,followed by an examination of the challenges posed to political security,military security,economic security,cultural security,social security,ethical security,legal security,machine escape problems,and information leakage.Finally,this paper discusses the potential opportunities that AIGC presents in the realms of politics,military,cybersecurity,society,and public safety education.
