As a renewable,biocompatible,biodegradable soft material,chitin hydrogels have better advantages in stability,antibacterial activity,antifouling,cost,immunogenicity,and so on than most polymer hydrogels.However,compar...As a renewable,biocompatible,biodegradable soft material,chitin hydrogels have better advantages in stability,antibacterial activity,antifouling,cost,immunogenicity,and so on than most polymer hydrogels.However,compared with other widely used polymer hydrogels with high strength and toughness,the practical applications of chitin-based hydrogels have been limited by their weak mechanical properties,such as cartilage repair and meniscus replacement.Here,we present the design and fabrication of chitin hydrogels with excellent mechanical strength and toughness by a dehydration and rehydration strategy.By sequential dehydration and rehydration processes,the crystalline domains in the chitin hydrogels can be properly controlled.With optimized crystallinity,the elastic modulus of the chitin hydrogels exceeds all previously reported values,and the fracture toughness is even comparable to some synthetic polymer hydrogels,while maintaining a high-water-content of about 80 wt.%.At the same water content,the mechanical properties of the chitin hydrogels are positively correlated with the hydrogel crystallinity,which proves that the change of mechanical properties of hydrogels is not simply dependent on weight concentration.The hydrogels can be further strengthened by incorporating other biopolymers that are intrinsically weak,which makes the hydrogels promising for applications in fields such as cartilage repair and meniscus replacement.Moreover,the hydrogels enable loading and release of water-soluble and poorly water-soluble drugs.This highly extendable strengthening and toughening strategy of chitin and chitin-based biopolymer hydrogels paves the way for their widely applications.展开更多
High strength and high toughness are vital for fibers’engineering applications,but are hard to simultaneously achieve.Herein,we synthesize a carbon nanotube(CNT)-thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPU)fiber reinforced by an...High strength and high toughness are vital for fibers’engineering applications,but are hard to simultaneously achieve.Herein,we synthesize a carbon nanotube(CNT)-thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPU)fiber reinforced by an amorphous ZrO_(2)layer through the wet-spinning method.The amorphous ZrO_(2)layer is in-situ grown on the surface of CNT and the hybrid nanowires are orientedly aligned with TPU to form the ternary fiber.The fiber possesses an excellent combination of high strength(84.6 MPa)and toughness(126.7 MJ/m^(3)),which is outstanding when compared with previously reported CNT-TPU fibers.The pull-out of nanowires attributed to the oriented alignment structure and the enhanced interface and restriction of deformation obtained from the amorphous ZrO_(2)layer are considered as the primary strengthening and toughening mechanisms.We anticipate that our fiber synthesis strategy gives a new path to design strong and tough fibers.展开更多
It is highly desirable to develop fiber materials with high strength and toughness while increasing fiber strength always results in a decrease in toughness.Spider silk is a natural fiber material with an excellent co...It is highly desirable to develop fiber materials with high strength and toughness while increasing fiber strength always results in a decrease in toughness.Spider silk is a natural fiber material with an excellent combination of high strength and toughness,which is produced from the spinning dope solution by gelation and drawing spinning process.This encourages people to prepare artificial fibers by mimicking the material,structure,and spinning of natural spider silk.In this review,we first summarized the preparation of artificial spider silk prepared via such a gelation process from different types of materials,including nonrecombinant proteins,recombinant proteins,polypeptides,synthetic polymers,and polymer nanocomposites.In addition,different spinning approaches for spinning artificial spider silk are also summarized.In the third section,some novel application scenarios of the artificial spider silk were summarized,such as artificial muscles,sensing,and smart fibers.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB0470303 and XDB0450402)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFE0202201 and 2021YFA0715700)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22293044)the Major Basic Research Project of Anhui Province(No.2023z04020009).
文摘As a renewable,biocompatible,biodegradable soft material,chitin hydrogels have better advantages in stability,antibacterial activity,antifouling,cost,immunogenicity,and so on than most polymer hydrogels.However,compared with other widely used polymer hydrogels with high strength and toughness,the practical applications of chitin-based hydrogels have been limited by their weak mechanical properties,such as cartilage repair and meniscus replacement.Here,we present the design and fabrication of chitin hydrogels with excellent mechanical strength and toughness by a dehydration and rehydration strategy.By sequential dehydration and rehydration processes,the crystalline domains in the chitin hydrogels can be properly controlled.With optimized crystallinity,the elastic modulus of the chitin hydrogels exceeds all previously reported values,and the fracture toughness is even comparable to some synthetic polymer hydrogels,while maintaining a high-water-content of about 80 wt.%.At the same water content,the mechanical properties of the chitin hydrogels are positively correlated with the hydrogel crystallinity,which proves that the change of mechanical properties of hydrogels is not simply dependent on weight concentration.The hydrogels can be further strengthened by incorporating other biopolymers that are intrinsically weak,which makes the hydrogels promising for applications in fields such as cartilage repair and meniscus replacement.Moreover,the hydrogels enable loading and release of water-soluble and poorly water-soluble drugs.This highly extendable strengthening and toughening strategy of chitin and chitin-based biopolymer hydrogels paves the way for their widely applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0710403,2020YFA0710404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073008,U1910208).
文摘High strength and high toughness are vital for fibers’engineering applications,but are hard to simultaneously achieve.Herein,we synthesize a carbon nanotube(CNT)-thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPU)fiber reinforced by an amorphous ZrO_(2)layer through the wet-spinning method.The amorphous ZrO_(2)layer is in-situ grown on the surface of CNT and the hybrid nanowires are orientedly aligned with TPU to form the ternary fiber.The fiber possesses an excellent combination of high strength(84.6 MPa)and toughness(126.7 MJ/m^(3)),which is outstanding when compared with previously reported CNT-TPU fibers.The pull-out of nanowires attributed to the oriented alignment structure and the enhanced interface and restriction of deformation obtained from the amorphous ZrO_(2)layer are considered as the primary strengthening and toughening mechanisms.We anticipate that our fiber synthesis strategy gives a new path to design strong and tough fibers.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2019YFE0119600,2022YFB3807103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52090034,52225306,51973093,and 51773094)+4 种基金Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter,Nankai University(No.63181206)the National Special Support Plan for High-Level Talents People(No.C041800902)the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Tianjin(No.18JCJQJC46600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.63171219)the Operation Huiyan(No.62502510601).
文摘It is highly desirable to develop fiber materials with high strength and toughness while increasing fiber strength always results in a decrease in toughness.Spider silk is a natural fiber material with an excellent combination of high strength and toughness,which is produced from the spinning dope solution by gelation and drawing spinning process.This encourages people to prepare artificial fibers by mimicking the material,structure,and spinning of natural spider silk.In this review,we first summarized the preparation of artificial spider silk prepared via such a gelation process from different types of materials,including nonrecombinant proteins,recombinant proteins,polypeptides,synthetic polymers,and polymer nanocomposites.In addition,different spinning approaches for spinning artificial spider silk are also summarized.In the third section,some novel application scenarios of the artificial spider silk were summarized,such as artificial muscles,sensing,and smart fibers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125201 and 21975141)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0210702)。