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Discussion on Structure Evolution and Function Expansion of Agriculture in China 被引量:1
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作者 刘新 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第2期145-148,153,共5页
According to the characteristics of agricultural development during different periods, agricultural development was basically divided into traditional period, planning system period and household contracting pedod to ... According to the characteristics of agricultural development during different periods, agricultural development was basically divided into traditional period, planning system period and household contracting pedod to discuss the related laws of agricultural development in China. The agricultural function expansion during different periods was analyzed in terms of agricultural structure evolution, while structural optimization and function expansion of modem agriculture in China were also studied. The results indicated that during the traditional period, agricultural structure emphasized feeding people and grain production while agricultural function reflected the economic function beyond surviving standard. During the planning system period, a unitary structural mode of agriculture was formed in China, which showed that agriculture was dominated by planting industry and planting industry was dominated by grain, while agriculture executed the mixed economic function beyond surviving and liv- ing standard. During the household contracting period, the industrial structure of agriculture in China gradually became diversification and optimi- zation, but as the economic function of industrial standard, agricultural development was still greatly inhibited. The structural evolution of modem agriculture in China must step forward towards collectivization and scale merit, while ecological function and social function of agriculture increas- ingly become important and the function of agricultural production becomes mere and more diverse. 展开更多
关键词 Agricultural structure Agricultural function Multi-functional agriculture
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Research on the Agriculture Production Structure in Shandong Province Based on the Grey Relational Dynamic Analysis 被引量:1
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作者 侯修升 张娥娥 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第7期1753-1756,共4页
In accordance with grey relational dynamic analysis, overall structure and inner structure of agriculture were analyzed and the grey relational sequence inte- grals were concluded of Shandong agriculture during 2003-2... In accordance with grey relational dynamic analysis, overall structure and inner structure of agriculture were analyzed and the grey relational sequence inte- grals were concluded of Shandong agriculture during 2003-2014. Besides, the re- search analyzed the contributions by specific agricultural sectors and Shandong a- gricultural structure from natural endowments, policy, and agricultural modernization. Finally, the development countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Grey dynamic analysis Agricultural industry structure OPTIMIZATION
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Agricultural Production Structure Adjustment Scheme Evaluation and Selection Based on DEA Model for Punjab(Pakistan) 被引量:3
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作者 Zeeshan Ahmad Meng Jun 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2015年第2期87-91,共5页
DEA is a nonparametric method used in operation researches and economics fields for the evaluation of the production frontier. It has distinct intrinsic which is worth coping with assessment problems with multiple inp... DEA is a nonparametric method used in operation researches and economics fields for the evaluation of the production frontier. It has distinct intrinsic which is worth coping with assessment problems with multiple inputs in particular with multiple outputs. This paper used D~ C2 R model of DEA to assess the comparative efficiency of the multiple schemes of agricultural industrial structure, at the end we chose the most favorable also known as "OPTIMAL" scheme. In addition to this, using some functional insights from DEA model non optimal schemes or less optimal schemes had also been improved to some extent. Assessment and selection of optimal schemes of agricultural industrial structure using DEA model gave a greater and better insight of agricultural industrial structure and was the first of such researches in Pakistan. 展开更多
关键词 agricultural industrial structure adjustment agricultural production structure linear programming DEA PUNJAB
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Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples 被引量:6
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作者 ZHOU Ping WEN An-bang +4 位作者 YAN Dong-chun SHI Zhong-lin GUO Jin JU Zhan-sheng ZHANG Yi-lan 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第2期526-534,共9页
Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program(GGP), which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil... Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program(GGP), which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian(in Chongqing Municipality) and Ansai(in Shaanxi Province) were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China. 展开更多
关键词 Cultivated land Stability index Agricultural production structure Grain for Green Program (GGP) Three Gorges Reservoir region Loess Plateau
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Agricultural Production Structure Optimization: A Case Study of Major Grain Producing Areas, China 被引量:4
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作者 LU Sha-sha LIU Yan-sui +1 位作者 LONG Hua-lou GUAN Xing-liang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第1期184-197,共14页
A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors (e.g., eco... A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors (e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance). In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model (IPAPSOM) is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households’income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying (or risk of violating) system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty. 展开更多
关键词 major grain producing areas agricultural production structure optimization interval-probabilistic programming food security farmers’income increase China
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Assessment on Different Schemes of Industrial Structure Adjustment Based on DEA 被引量:2
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作者 FULi-fang MENGJun 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2004年第1期93-96,共4页
DEA is a new research field in operations research. It has unique virtues in dealing with assessment problem with multi-inputs especially multi-outputs. In this paper, DEA model of D?着C2R has been applied to evaluate... DEA is a new research field in operations research. It has unique virtues in dealing with assessment problem with multi-inputs especially multi-outputs. In this paper, DEA model of D?着C2R has been applied to evaluate the relative efficiency of several different schemes of industrial structure adjustment of agriculture and finally select the optimal scheme. Furthermore, the inferior scheme has been improved according to some useful insights got from DEA model. 展开更多
关键词 industrial structure adjustment of agriculture DEA DEA efficient
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Optimal Scheme Selection of Agricultural Production Structure Adjustment——Based on DEA Model; Punjab(Pakistan) 被引量:1
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作者 Zeeshan Ahmad Meng Jun +3 位作者 Muhammad Abdullah Mazhar Nadeem Ishaq Majid Lateef Imran Khan 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2015年第4期48-52,共5页
This paper used the modern evaluation method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to assess the comparative efficiency and then on the basis of this among multiple schemes chose the optimal scheme of agricultural prod... This paper used the modern evaluation method of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to assess the comparative efficiency and then on the basis of this among multiple schemes chose the optimal scheme of agricultural production structure adjustment. Based on the results of DEA model, we dissected scale advantages of each discretionary scheme or plan. We examined scale advantages of each discretionary scheme, tested profoundly a definitive purpose behind not-DEA efficient, which elucidated the system and methodology to enhance these discretionary plans. At the end, another method had been proposed to rank and select the optimal scheme. The research was important to guide the practice if the modification of agricultural production industrial structure was carded on. 展开更多
关键词 agricultural industrial structure adjustment agricultural production structure DEA efficient DMU's ranking PUNJAB
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Flora, life form characteristics, and plan for the promotion of biodiversity in South Korea's Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System, the traditional Gudeuljang irrigated rice terraces in Cheongsando 被引量:9
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作者 Hong Chul PARK Chaang Hveon OH 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第6期1212-1228,共17页
The objectives of this study were to analyze the biodiversity of the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces in Cheongsando, South Korea's representative GIAHS(Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Syste... The objectives of this study were to analyze the biodiversity of the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces in Cheongsando, South Korea's representative GIAHS(Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System) site, with reference to position and land-use features, and to develop a plan to promote agricultural biodiversity in the region. We confirmed approximately 54,000 m2 of Gudeuljang paddy fields by an on-site survey. Of the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces confirmed by onsite inspection, our survey showed that approximately 24,000 m2 are currently being used as paddy fields, approximately 15,000 m2 are being used as dry fields, and approximately 14,000 m2 are fallow. In terms of other non-agricultural land use, there was grassland, including graveyards; artificial arboreal land, such as orchards, rivers and wetlands, and man-made facilities, such as roads and residences. We also confirmed that the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces had higher plant species diversity than conventional terraced rice paddies, and there was a difference in life form characteristics between the two types. Although the superficial topsoil structure is thesame for the Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces(TGIRTs) and conventional terraced rice paddies, it is thought that the differences in the subsurface structure of the TGIRTs contribute greatly to species and habitat diversity. However, the TGIRTs in Cheongsando are facing degeneration, due to damage and reduction in agricultural activity. The main cause is the reduction in the number of farming households due to an aging population in Cheongsando. In order to address this problem, we proposed a management plan, related to fallow paddy fields in South Korea, to initiate voluntary activities in the TGIRTs. 展开更多
关键词 Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System Rice terrace Agricultural biodiversity Topsoil structure Gudeuljang
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Impacts of the Rising Opportunity Cost of Farm Labor on Agricultural Land Use Structure: Theory and Empirical Evidences 被引量:2
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作者 Tian Yujun Li Xiubin +1 位作者 Ma Guoxia Hao Haiguang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2011年第1期85-90,共6页
Nowadays the rising of opportunity cost of farm labor comes to the forefront of attention in China. In order to understand its impact on agricultural land-use structure, a theoretical framework of household economics ... Nowadays the rising of opportunity cost of farm labor comes to the forefront of attention in China. In order to understand its impact on agricultural land-use structure, a theoretical framework of household economics is formulated drawn on Low's model. Under the theoretical framework, the impact of the rising opportunity cost of on-farm on cropping structure is deduced in theory. And then, using statistic and survey data, taking mountain area of southern Ningxia as an example, the theoretical assumes are verified. The results show that the rise of opportunity cost of farm labor leads to less diversified cropping structure. 展开更多
关键词 opporttmity cost of farm labor agricultural land use structure theoretical analysis empirical study
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Areal differentiation of virtual water for agricultural products and its effect on regional agricultural structure adjustment in China: 1995-2007 被引量:3
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作者 QIN Li-jie ZONG Sheng-wei CHANG Yong-zhi 《Ecological Economy》 2010年第1期80-87,共8页
With a vast territory, the space-time distribution of water resources is uneven in China. There is a great dif ference in natural conditions and farmland management of agricuttural production in different regions. The... With a vast territory, the space-time distribution of water resources is uneven in China. There is a great dif ference in natural conditions and farmland management of agricuttural production in different regions. The areal differentiation of agricultural products virtual water is obvious. Comparison with the agricultural products virtual water from 1995 to 2007 in China shows an increase in the first ten vears and a little decrease in recent years. There has been a tendency of increase all the time in Northeast and Northwest. but a decrease after an increase firstly in other regions. The virtual water offood crops is the maximum which accounts for more than 70% in China. and that of vegetables is in a fast growth. The proportion of agricultural products virtual water to the total water resources in each region has a large difference, showing the imbalance of agricultural water in different regions, which accounts for 50%-90% in Northeast, and 125%-185% in North China. Under the guidance of virtual water strategy, based on the differences of resource endowment, each region should adjust agricultural structure, decide production by water, and select water suitable crops. In water-rich region, agricultural produets of high water consumption should be planted appropriately, which will make full use of the abundant local water resources. In water-shortage region the crop production of high water consumption and low efficiency should be depressed, and that of low water consumption and high efficiency should be supported and increased. It will achieve reasonable disposition of water resources, promote ecological restoration and environmental protection, as welt as ensure food security. 展开更多
关键词 Virtual water Areal differentiation Adjustment of agricultural structure
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Analysis on the Evolution of Agricultural Structure about Pan-Yangtze River Delta
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作者 DAI Jiang LIU Zhi-ying 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2010年第7期103-105,108,共4页
Starting from the definition of agricultural structure,this paper firstly analyzes the change of industrial and spatial structure of agriculture of Pan-Yangtze River Delta,then inspects the relationship between the de... Starting from the definition of agricultural structure,this paper firstly analyzes the change of industrial and spatial structure of agriculture of Pan-Yangtze River Delta,then inspects the relationship between the development of economics and the evolution of agricultural structure,an the end it provides policy recommendation about the development and adjustment of agricultural structure for the future. 展开更多
关键词 Pan-Yangtze River Delta Industrial structure of agriculture Spatial structure of agriculture
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Agricultural Structure in Western China by Comparing with before and after CFFG Based on Shift-share Method
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作者 Sun Nengli Huang Wenqing +1 位作者 Qu Xiang Zhang Junbiao 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2009年第3期72-78,共7页
Based on shift-share method,this article employs regional share,structural shift and competitive shift to analyze the structural benefit and competitive position of agricultural structure in western China by comparing... Based on shift-share method,this article employs regional share,structural shift and competitive shift to analyze the structural benefit and competitive position of agricultural structure in western China by comparing with agriculture,foresting,stockbreeding and fishing before and after Conversion of Farmland to Forest and Grassland(CFFG) .Then authors draw following conclusion:while CFFG program has been put in practice,the agricultural structure in western China has some typical characteristics,such as growth faster,structural predominance obvious and more competitive.But the contributiveness from the competition is not too much yet,and the structural benefit of forest estate and stockbreeding are restrained. 展开更多
关键词 agricultural structure shift-share method CFFG western China
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Research on Structure Innovation of Agricultural Organization in China's Southwestern Mountainous Regions
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作者 DU Qiang LUO Min WANG Ping 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2012年第2期50-54,共5页
Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mount... Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mountainous regions,we use related theoretical knowledge on economics and organization science,we probe into the process of innovation and mechanism of action concerning the structure of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions over the past 30 years.Finally we draw several general conclusions regarding structure innovation of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as follows:first,the structure innovation of agricultural organization,a gradual process,proceeds ceaselessly along with ongoing progress and development of agriculture,and in this process,farmers always play a fundamental role;second,the structure innovation of agricultural organization is affected by many factors,and government institutional arrangement and change in market conditions is undoubtedly the most critical factor;third,the probable evolving direction of structure innovation of agricultural organization includes internal differentiation of the same form of agricultural organization,association of different forms of agricultural organization,and emergence of other forms of agricultural organization. 展开更多
关键词 Structure of agricultural organization INNOVATION Southwestern Mountainous Regions China
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The Impact of Changes of the Internal Agricultural Structure in Sichuan Province on Farmers' Income
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作者 GAO Rui-fang JIA Xian-wei 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2010年第6期22-24,28,共4页
After introducing the status quo of farmers' net income and gross output value of agriculture of Sichuan Province,and the changes of agricultural output structure,the regression analysis was conducted on the impac... After introducing the status quo of farmers' net income and gross output value of agriculture of Sichuan Province,and the changes of agricultural output structure,the regression analysis was conducted on the impact of the changes in agricultural structure on the farmers' net income per capita on the strengthen of the data from Sichuan statistical yearbook and by the way of econometrics.The multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the impact the changes in crop farming on farmers' net income by using logarithmic demand model.The results show that the agricultural structure has transformed from the dominant crop farming to the all-around developmental trend covering the dominant industry,animal husbandry and forestry,fishery and the other industries;the animal husbandry has greatest impact on famers' income per capita and the impact of crop farming is slightly weaker than animal husbandry;the crop farming and animal husbandry develop fairly rapid simultaneously and the two all have great impact in farmers' income;among animal husbandry,the meat and eggs have relatively great impact on farmers' income,while in crop farming,grain plays the dominant role in affecting farmers' income,followed by cash crop.Hence,the relevant countermeasures applied to increase farmers' income are put forward in terms of optimizing the internal structure of agriculture,adjusting the internal structure of crop farming,adjusting the internal structure of animal husbandry and strengthening the support of farmers. 展开更多
关键词 Agricultural structure Farmers'net income Contribution rate China
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Comprehensive Evaluation on Agricultural Structure and Correlation of Agricultural Internal Structure——A Case of Yimeng Mountainous Area
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作者 WU Zhe XU Jian-jian 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2011年第1期17-21,共5页
According to the relevant data from Chinese Statistical Yearbook, the overall agricultural structure and the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountainous area are analyzed. The status quo of the agricultura... According to the relevant data from Chinese Statistical Yearbook, the overall agricultural structure and the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountainous area are analyzed. The status quo of the agricultural and the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountainous area are analyzed through the method of comprehensive appraisal of the improved factors. The safety coefficient of the comprehensive appraisal is from 2.626 696 to 4.987 546,which is exclude in the safety extent, so it needs adjusting. At the same time, the internal relations of the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountainous area are studied by using the relativity analysis. The overall agricultural structure of Yimeng Mountainous area is in negative correlation to planting structure and forestry structure, and in positive correlation to livestock breeding industry; the plating structure is in negative correlation to livestock breeding structure and in positive correlation to forestry structure and the forestry structure is in negative correlation to livestock breeding structure. 展开更多
关键词 Yimeng Mountainous area Agricultural structure Comprehensive appraisal method CORRELATION China
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Available Agricultural Area by Utilization Categories and Ownership Structure of Holdings in the Republic of Serbia
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作者 Nada Trivić 《Natural Resources》 2020年第8期365-385,共21页
The subject of research in this paper is the analysis and presentation of data on agricultural holdings, the structure of available and utilized area. The data and calculated indicators represent a comprehensive overv... The subject of research in this paper is the analysis and presentation of data on agricultural holdings, the structure of available and utilized area. The data and calculated indicators represent a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics of national agriculture, but they are also an internationally comparable database, based on key features of agriculture. The main goal of this paper is to determine and explain more comprehensively and in detail by using appropriate methods, and based on available data, the condition of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">utilized agricultural area</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (hereinafter: UAA) and its quantitative and qualitative</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics by utilization categories and manner of its use;typ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es of agricultural holdings and statistical regions and lower statistical units of data grouping. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Implementation of such a defined basic research goal indicates necessity of more detailed and continuous study of the causes </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that led to the reduction of available agricultural area and especially its better and more important production categories of utilization and measures and activities to be taken to eliminate or reduce the causes of inadequate management of agricultural area in the coming period</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The importance of this research arises from the fact that the results on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">utilized agricultural area</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> can be used to adopt </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">appropriate measures and undertake certain activities in land and overall agricultu</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ral and rural policy related to sustainable utilization, arrangement and protection of agricultural land and more balanced integrated development of rural areas, as well as to find better solutions in the field of utilization, ownership sector and conditions of agricultural area management.</span> 展开更多
关键词 Utilized/Unutilized Agricultural Area Agricultural Holdings Ownership Structure of Agricultural Holdings
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Study on agricultural structure and non-point source pollution: a case in Dapu Town of Yixing City
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作者 Jiang Dongmei Wang Xiyuan +1 位作者 Liu Minghui Lu Genfa 《Ecological Economy》 2006年第3期270-280,共11页
The water body of Taihu Lake has been eutrophicated because of area-source pollution. 83% of the total nitrogen and 84% of the total phosphorus of the pollutant that have washed into Taihu Lake originated from the fer... The water body of Taihu Lake has been eutrophicated because of area-source pollution. 83% of the total nitrogen and 84% of the total phosphorus of the pollutant that have washed into Taihu Lake originated from the fertilizer of crop land, rural animal husbandry and living sewage and rubbish in rural area. The goal of adjusting agricultural structure is to improve agricultural development, and to increase the peasants' income by planting non-grain crop, centralizing animal husbandry, and intensifying aquaculture, etc. It is necessary to research on the influences of agriculture industrial structure on area-source pollution. This paper studies a case of Dapu Town in Yixing City, which is a typical drainage place beside Taihu Lake. On the basis of the analysis on the status quo of area-source pollution and agriculture industrial structure in Dapu Town, the conflicts between them are discussed. Non-grain crop production with a great deal of fertilizer and developing aquaculture with a great deal of organic pollutant, which are directly discharged, make area-source pollution more serious and accelerate the eutrophication in Taihu Lake. This paper suggests taking corresponding technological measures and policies, which have been tested in Dapu Town and demonstrated in Taih, Lake area. 展开更多
关键词 Taihu Lake Area-source pollution Agricultural industrial structure COUNTERMEASURES
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Optimization of water use structure and plantation benefit of unit water consumption using fractional programming and conditional value-at-risk model 被引量:1
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作者 Fu Qiang Xiao Yuanyuan +2 位作者 Cui Song Liu Dong Li Tianxiao 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2017年第2期151-161,共11页
For optimizing the water-use structure and increasing plantation benefit of unit water consumption,a multi-objective model for water resources utilization was established based on fractional programming(FP).Meanwhile,... For optimizing the water-use structure and increasing plantation benefit of unit water consumption,a multi-objective model for water resources utilization was established based on fractional programming(FP).Meanwhile,considering the stochasticity of water availability in the study area,the impact of the risk factor(λ)from a quantitative and qualitative perspective was analyzed.The chance-constrained programming(CCP)and conditional value-at-risk(CVaR)models were introduced into five important major grain production areas in Sanjiang Plain,and the crop planting structure under this condition was optimized.The results showed that,after optimization,overall benefit of cultivation increased from 42.07 billion Yuan to 42.47 billion Yuan,water consumption decreased from 15.90 billion m3 to 11.95 billion m3,the plantation benefit of unit water consumption increased from 2.65 Yuan/m3 to 3.55 Yuan/m3.Furthermore,the index of water consumption,benefit of cultivation and plantation benefit of unit water consumption showed an increasing trend with the increase of violation likelihood.However,through the quantification ofλfrom an economic perspective,the increasing ofλcould not enhance plantation benefit of unit water consumption significantly. 展开更多
关键词 agricultural water-use structure plantation benefit of unit water consumption the Sanjiang Plain fractional programming(FP) chance-constrained programming(CCP) conditional value-at-risk(CVaR)
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1Chinese human geography and its contributions 被引量:4
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作者 FAN Jie 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第8期987-1000,共14页
The aim of this paper is to sift through examples of outstanding contributions made by Chinese human geography in terms of social applications and explain the basic concepts and theoretical methods explored by human g... The aim of this paper is to sift through examples of outstanding contributions made by Chinese human geography in terms of social applications and explain the basic concepts and theoretical methods explored by human geography that are behind the applications of results with major social influence, so as to be able to summarize the main school that represents developments in contemporary Chinese human geography. Chinese human geography upholds the subject's designation as being integrated and interdisciplinary. Research focuses on interactions between the natural and human spheres of the Earth's surface, and it is guided by the understanding and effects of the processes of regional sustainable development at different spatial scales. Chinese human geography has innovatively established the following development paradigm: "To be guided by application requirements, refine key issues of the discipline in the course of solving major issues of human geography in national and regional development, and by solving those key issues, to enhance its ability to provide scientific and technological support to serve national and local needs while promoting its own development." Results from early Chinese human geography studies on land use and agricultural zoning, recent research results on point-axis system models and T-shaped national spatial development patterns, and current research results on territorial function theory and major function oriented zones have all continued and strengthened the mainstream school of Chinese human geography and have avoided the global tendency for human geography to become rapidly human-oriented, while results have been applied at the highest level of decision-making management. Chinese human geography can provide lessons for developing countries and may play a leading role in the future development of global human geography. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese human geography main school social contribution land use agricultural zoning point-axis system T-shaped land development structure territorial function major function oriented zone
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