Intra-continental deformation and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt,Central Asia:Evidence from remote sensing and structural geological analyses

The West Junggar Orogenic Belt(WJOB)in northwestern Xinjiang,China,is located in the core of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).It has suffered two stage tectonic evolutions in Phanerozoic,before and after the ocean–continental conversion in Late Paleozoic.The later on intracontinental deformation,characterized by the development of the NE-trending West Junggar sinistral strike-slip fault system(WJFS)since Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,and the NW-trending Chingiz-Junggar dextral strike-slip fault(CJF)in Mesozoic and Cenozoic,has an important significance for the tectonic evolution of the WJOB and the CAOB.In this paper,we conduct geometric and kinematic analyses of the WJOB,based on field geological survey and structural interpretation of remote sensing image data.Using some piercing points such as truncated plutons and anticlines,an average magnitude of^73 km for the left-lateral strike-slip is calculated for the Darabut Fault,a major fault of the WJFS.Some partial of the displacement should be accommodated by strike-slip fault-related folds developed during the strike-slip faulting.Circular and curved faults,asymmetrical folds,and irregular contribution of ultramafic bodies,implies potential opposite vertical rotation of the Miao’ergou and the Akebasitao batholiths,resulted from the sinistral strike-slipping along the Darabut Fault.Due to conjugate shearing set of the sinistral WJFS and the dextral CJF since Early Mesozoic,superimposed folds formed with N–S convergence in southwestern part of the WJOB.

Separate Analysis of Remote Sensing Information of Structures of Different Geological Periods and Quantitative Study of Corresponding Tectonic Stress Fields

The structural feature shown on a remote sensing image is a synthetic result ofcombination of the deformations produced during the entire geological history of an area.Therefore, the respective tectonic stress field of each of the different stages in the complexdeformation of an area can be reconstructed in three steps: (1) geological structures formed atdifferent times are distinguished in remote sensing image interpretation; (2) structuraldeformation fields at different stages are determined by analyzing relationships betweenmicrostructures (joints and fractures) and the related structures (folds and faults); and (3)tectonic stress fields at different stages are respectively recovered through a study of the featuresof structural deformation fields in different periods. Circular structures and related circlular and radial joints are correlated in space to con-cealed structural rises. The authors propose a new method for establishing a natural model ofthe concealed structural rises and calculating the tectonic stress field by using quantitative dataof the remote sensing information of circular structures and related linear structures.

Spectrum spatial structure characteristic analysis of remote sensing alteration information and interference factors

Based on the statistical characteristics of remote sensing data, the spatial geometric structure characteristics of spectral data and distribution of background, interference and alteration information in characteristic space were researched through the analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional scatter diagrams. The results indicate that the hyper-space of remote sensing multi-data aggregation belongs to low-dimensional geometric structure, i.e. hyperplane form, and anomalous point groups including alteration information usually dissociate out of hyperplane. Scatter diagrams of remote sensing data band are mainly presented as two distribution forms of single-ellipse and dual-ellipse. Clarifying the relations of three objects of background, disturbance and alteration information in remote sensing images provides an important technical thought and guidance for accurately detecting and extracting remote sensing alteration information.

Extraction of altered minerals from Aster remote sensing data in Gongchangling iron deposit of Liaoning, China

The precision of Aster data is higher than that of Landsat series of multispectral remote sensing data,which can more accurately reveal the distribution of altered minerals.It plays an important role in prospecting,but it is rarely used in areas with complex terrain and high vegetation coverage.Based on this purpose,this study used Aster remote sensing data,and took Gongchangling iron deposit as a case study.It combined the mineral spectrum theory and the basic geologic data of the study area,using the model of principal component analysis(PCA)and color synthesis to extract abnormal altered minerals.The results show that the distribution of identified anomalies is basically consistent with the existing geological data in this study area,which provides a reliable reference for the mineral resources ex-ploration and delineation of mining areas.

APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING IN ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND CHANGE ANALYSIS IN THE THREE GORGES AREA

1. INTRODUCTION The proposed Three Gorges Project, one of the biggest hydroelectric projects in the world, will dam the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, the third longest river in the world, and form a large reservoir. Its impacts on environment have attracted wide attention. Entrusted by National Scientific-Technical Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was in charge of a research project on this issuse from 1984 to 1989. Tho use of remote sensing played an important role in the project considering the study area is mountainous and not convenientlv located, which makes it difficult to conduct the research onlv using conventional means.

Structural and Fault Analysis of Haji Abad with Interpretation of Landsat 8 Satellite Images

Zagros orogenic belt has developed on northern-eastern edge of Arabian plate from Northern-Western-Southern-Eastern Turkey to Strait of Hormuz with a length of over 2000 km. Thick sedimentary series of the Zagros (6 - 12 km) has maintained complex tectonic history of the region, which represents all stages of development of a basin from a passive continental shelf to a rift. This finally represents various stages of deformation in relation to ophiolite obduction and continental collision. The study area is located in the south and southeastern part of Iran in the range of 28 and 29 to 55 and 57. The study area includes Hormozgan and Kerman Provinces in national classification. Geographic position of this region at the intersection of three sedimentary structural zones of Zagros, Makran and Central Iran has revealed that Hormozgan Province has specific geological and structural features. Nowadays, remote sensing techniques and particularly structural analysis with satellite images are supplement to the observation and field interpretation. Landsat satellites can be noted in this regard, which has helped the scientists to interprete natural science since a long time ago. Landsat 8 is equipped with panchromatic band and thus has a high spatial resolution. Therefore, the images obtained from this satellite are used. The images are raw and after application of various filters and image processing operations by ER mapper and Arc GIS the lineaments that have remained unidentified are observed. The discoveries are then introduced to the realm of construction geology in the form of a new map of regional faults using the remote sensing technologies.

Object-Based Analysis of Multispectral RS Data and GIS for Detection of Climate Change Impact on the Karakoram Range Northern Pakistan

Changing climate has a great impact on northern area of Pakistan＇s environment and is more prone to environmental changes impacts than rest of the country due to its high elevation. However, melting glaciers effect not only the local environment but also the whole country with frequent and heavy floods. Remote sensing （RS） from Satellites and Airplanes used in Geographical Information Systems （GIS） are technologies that can aid in understanding the on-going environmental processes. Furthermore, help researchers to observe, understand, forecast and suggest response to changes that occur. It can be natural disasters or man-made disasters and human induced factors. Still analysis accuracy issues play a vital role for the formulation of any strategy. To achieve better results, object based analysis methods have been tested. Various algorithms are developed by the analysts to calculate the magnitude of land cover changes. However, they must be evaluated for each environment that is under observation as mountainous areas. Here were object-based methods evaluated in comparison with pixel based. Landslides, soil moisture, soil permeability, snow cover and vegetation cover can be effectively monitored by those methods.

STUDY ON FOREST FIRE DANGER MODEL WITH REMOTE SENSING BASED ON GIS

Forest fire is one of the main natural hazards because of its fierce destructiveness. Various researches on fire real time monitoring, behavior simulation and loss assessment have been carried out in many countries. As fire prevention is probably the most efficient means for protecting forests, suitable methods should be developed for estimating the fire danger. Fire danger is composed of ecological, human and climatic factors. Therefore, the systematic analysis of the factors including forest characteristics, meteorological status, topographic condition causing forest fire is made in this paper at first. The relationships between biophysical factors and fire danger are paid more attention to. Then the parameters derived from remote sensing data are used to estimate the fire danger variables, According to the analysis, not only PVI (Perpendicular Vegetation Index) can classify different vegetation but also crown density is captured with PVI. Vegetation moisture content has high correlation with the ratio of actual evapotranspiration (LE) to potential ecapotranspiration (LEp). SI (Structural Index), which is the combination of TM band 4 and 5 data, is a good indicator of forest age. Finally, a fire danger prediction model, in which relative importance of each fire factor is taken into account, is built based on GIS.

Geographical Analysis of Lung Cancer Mortality Rate and PM2.5 Using Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase risk of lung cancer. The repetitive and broad-area coverage of satellites may allow atmospheric remote sensing to offer a unique opportunity to monitor air quality and help fill air pollution data gaps that hinder efforts to study air pollution and protect public health. This geographical study explores if there is an association between PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rate in the conterminous USA. Lung cancer (ICD-10 codes C34- C34) death count and population at risk by county were extracted for the period from 2001 to 2010 from the U.S. CDC WONDER online database. The 2001-2010 Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset was used to calculate a 10 year average PM2.5 pollution. Exploratory spatial data analyses, spatial regression (a spatial lag and a spatial error model), and spatially extended Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation found that there is a significant positive association between lung cancer mortality rate and PM2.5. The association would justify the need of further toxicological investigation of the biological mechanism of the adverse effect of the PM2.5 pollution on lung cancer. The Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset provides a continuous surface of concentrations of PM2.5 and is a useful data source for environmental health research.

Submergence Analysis Using Geo-Informatics Technology for Proposed Dam Reservoirs of Par-Tapi-Narmada River Link Project, Gujarat State, India

The Par-Tapi-Narmada river link envisages transfer of surplus water from west flowing rivers between Par and Tapi in Gujarat State, India to water deficit areas in North Gujarat. The scheme is located mainly in southern Gujarat but it also covers part of the areas of Maharashtra, North of Mumbai on the Western Ghats of India. The main aim of Par-Tapi-Narmada link is to transfer the surplus waters of Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna River basins to take over part of Narmada Canal command (Miyagam branch) after providing enroute irrigation. It is proposed that water saved in Sardar Sarovar Project, as a result of this transfer, would be taken further northwards to benefit water scarce areas of north Gujarat and also westwards in Saurashtra and Kutch regions. The construction of seven reservoirs on Par-Tapi-Narmada River Link Project would affect land use/land cover, settlements and infrastructure facilities within and around reservoir area. Thus, the submergence impact analysis of all the seven reservoirs of this project have been carried out by using remote sensing and GIS techniques for planning and designing of the structures. Out of the seven reservoirs, the paper discusses submergence analysis of Kelwan Dam reservoir which is located in geologically complex region of the Dangs district. The study attempts to assess the present problems of submergence of land, forest, agriculture, settlements and infrastructure facilities by using GIS techniques for taking alternative remedial measures prior and during construction of the dams.

基于OCO-2卫星数据的中国CO_(2)浓度时空变化特征

大气CO_(2)浓度增加引起的全球变暖问题是国内外学者关注的热点议题,但对CO_(2)的监测一直存在较多的不确定性。利用2015—2022年OCO-2卫星观测的CO_(2)柱浓度混合比数据(XCO_(2)),基于克里金插值和标准差椭圆等方法,分析了中国CO_(2)浓度时空分布与变化特征,有以下3个结论。1)基于OCO-2卫星数据的XCO_(2)数据集精度较高,与地面监测站(瓦里关站、鹿林站)观测结果的均方根误差仅为1.75 ppm和1.58 ppm,相关系数分别为0.91和0.96。2)年际上,2015—2022年中国年均XCO_(2)由399.52 ppm增至417.64 ppm,年均增速为2.56 ppm/a,高于过去10年全球CO_(2)浓度平均增速(2.06 ppm/a),但在2019年之后XCO_(2)增速呈下降趋势。季节上,XCO_(2)具有明显的季节变化特征,春季XCO_(2)最高,夏季最低。3)空间分布上,XCO_(2)表现出东部高,西部、东北地区低的空间分布特征。XCO_(2)浓度高值区域集中在京津冀和长三角等城市群。中国东北、西南地区XCO_(2)增速较快,高于华东、华南等经济发达地区。

基于遥感数据的工程结构损伤动态识别研究

以定期监测工程结构状况为目标,提出了基于遥感数据的工程结构损伤动态识别方法,解决获取影像粗糙问题,提升微小工程结构损伤识别效果。运用二维Tsallis交叉熵计算工程结构遥感影像的二维直方图,通过在布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)中引入Logistic映射的混沌扰动算子,形成混沌CS算法,完善二维Tsallis交叉熵的阈值选择过程,获取最佳阈值后,分割工程结构遥感影像,增强处理分割后的遥感影像,并将处理后的影像作为SVM分类识别模型输入,完成损伤动态识别、归类。实验结果表明,该方法获取遥感影像精度极高,分割影像清晰且各区域边缘完整,能够识别微小的裂缝损伤,最大程度还原裂缝宽度及线性特征,识别结果影像信息含量大,且识别均方误差低、平方相关系数高。

地基遥感垂直观测系统数据质量评估与产品融合分析

针对地基遥感垂直观测系统风向与风速、温度与相对湿度、云底高度与云顶高度、大气瑞利信号拟合误差与有效探测距离、大气可降水量与对流层总延迟等10种探测要素的数据准确性评估及融合产品有效性验证问题。以2024年1月1日至7月1日宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统的实际探测资料为例,采用同址的L波段探空雷达观测数据作为参考标准,选取时空匹配的垂直廓线产品进行对比,评估地基遥感垂直观测系统探测数据的准确性,并综合运用系统高时空分辨率的融合产品,从大气动力结构、云雨结构等方面剖析宜昌地区2024年6月27—28日梅雨期降雨过程。研究结果表明:宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统探测设备性能优良,运行较为稳定,能够在垂直方向上综合解析大气结构;运行评估期内,宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统探测数据的准确性均满足评估指标,与探空观测资料的相关性总体较好;多条垂直廓线融合产品可以清晰展示降雨过程发生、发展、消散的垂直动态变化细节,证实了融合产品在天气分析中的有效性和实用性。

2001—2021年巢湖流域植被覆盖时空变化及驱动分析

基于2001—2021年Landsat遥感数据,研究巢湖流域植被覆盖多年变化,利用时空地理加权模型探讨地形、气候及人类活动的驱动影响。结果表明:(1)流域内平均植被覆盖度0.75,近20 a总体呈增加趋势,增速0.12%/a;2009年前,呈下降趋势,2009年后,呈增加趋势。(2)流域内89.79%的区域植被覆盖度高于0.6,不同土地利用的植被覆盖度为林地>旱作农田>稀疏植被>灌溉农田>城市建成区>湿地,湿地受蓄水排涝功能的影响,植被覆盖度相对较低。(3)近20 a,34.78%的区域植被覆盖度发生变化,以增加趋势为主,面积占比62.73%,集中在合肥市老城区、山区林地、沿江北岸平原地带以及环巢湖湿地区域,政策上的生态环境保护和流域治理对植被覆盖产生正影响成效显著;减少趋势发生在城市外围和部分耕地区域,体现城镇化建设、耕地种植模式等人类活动对植被覆盖的负影响,对于引江济淮(派河—东淝河)段施工沿线和柘皋河流域植被覆盖度减少,应值得关注。(4)2010年前,地形因素的影响逐年降低,气候作用逐年增加,2010年后,地形因素持续增加并成为主要因素。(5)人类活动对植被覆盖的影响程度整体呈增强趋势,生态环境得到改善,增强幅度为0.013%/(10 a)。

矿山生态环境定量遥感监测与智能分析系统设计与实现

矿山生态环境监测与治理是国家生态文明建设和“双碳”目标下的重中之重,其信息化、智能化建设在新一代信息技术革命的助推下成为数字中国建设的重要一环,也是当下时代发展的必然趋势。然而,现有矿山生态环境监测系统仍然停留在单一专题、要素不全、基础量测、本地管理的初级阶段,无法满足现实环境中对矿山生态环境多要素、长时序、高频次监测与分析的需求。基于此,提出一种B/S架构下的矿山生态环境定量遥感监测与智能分析系统——矿山生态天眼,并详细介绍了其研发需求、技术架构、关键技术及核心功能。系统依托卫星遥感技术及其他监测手段,获取并聚合不同来源、信息丰富的矿山生态大数据,形成矿山分布一张图和数据资源服务;进而基于定量遥感反演矿山生态环境各生态参数,形成一套长时序、多要素的矿山生态监测产品,涵盖人类活动、自然地理条件和“植−土−水−气”各生态要素;在此基础上,系统提供GIS时空分析、统计分析及综合定量评价等工具集,分别实现对矿区土地利用、归一化植被指数(NDVI)等参数伴随采矿活动在空间上的变化监测,对土壤含水量、水体悬浮物浓度等生态要素历史统计值在不同时空位置和区域下的查询与可视化,对顾及多项生态因子的矿山生态环境质量综合定量评价,并最终形成矿山生态扰动与治理监测报告。矿山生态天眼的应用将服务于矿山生态环境全过程变化监测、数据管理、智能分析和决策应用,有望提高矿山生态环境监测与治理的效率和智能化水平,为推动生态文明信息化建设提供参考方案。

基于遥感影像的大当量爆炸建筑物毁伤评估模型

为了研究大当量爆炸建筑物毁伤评估问题,基于遥感影像解译和大数据分析构建了大当量爆炸建筑物毁伤评估模型。首先,基于大当量爆炸的具体历史案例构建了毁伤数据集,具体指基于遥感影像提取建筑物毁伤信息,辅助大数据信息补充毁伤细节,利用地理信息系统空间分析数字化毁伤信息,构成毁伤数据集。然后,基于毁伤数据集中的训练样本修正经验模型参数,构建了适用于大当量爆炸的针对不同类型建筑物的毁伤评估模型,并基于毁伤数据集中的验证样本测试了模型性能。实验证明:所构建模型拟合优度高于96%,检验样本准确度高于84%,整体误差在可接受范围内。所构建模型在一定精度要求下可为大当量爆炸事故评估提供参考。

2018年浙江古田山24公顷亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地林冠结构与地形数据集

林冠结构与地形因子共同影响着森林重要物种资源及生境的时空变化,而针对我国地带性森林生态系统高精度林冠结构和地形数据集极为缺乏。基于近地面遥感平台获取的激光雷达数据,可以获取精确的林冠结构和地形数据。本研究以位于钱江源国家公园核心保护区的24公顷亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地为研究对象,对该区域2018年基于近地面遥感技术获取的激光雷达点云数据进行计算分析及质量控制,获取该样地的林冠结构和地形数据。通过实时动态测量(RTK)的地面数据对数字高程模型(DEM)进行精度检验和验证,表明DEM的高程中误差为0.07米,数据具有较高精度。古田山24公顷亚热带常绿阔叶林动态监测样地为典型的中亚热带低海拔常绿阔叶林,本数据集可以为亚热带常绿阔叶林生物多样性监测和研究提供数据支撑。

基于OpenMP的遥感影像并行ISODATA聚类研究

针对传统影像分类算法执行效率较低,无法满足海量高分辨率遥感数据实时处理需求的问题,对资源三号卫星专题产品中遥感影像的迭代自组织数据分析算法进行分析与研究,设计一种基于OpenMP的并行ISODATA聚类算法(PIsodata Omp)。采用OpenMP技术优化ISODATA算法中的样本点聚类、聚类样本中心标准差计算,实现基于共享内存的单机多核并行化处理。实验结果表明,PIsodata Omp算法能在保证分类精度不变的情况下,明显提高资源三号卫星影像数据的处理速度。

异构卫星遥感数据融合的水深反演模型

为探究影像分辨率和水深反演模型对异构卫星数据融合水深反演结果的影响,本文将ICESat-2激光测高数据分别与多时相Landsat 8、Sentinel-2及WorldView-3卫星数据相融合,利用对数比值模型、多波段模型、BP神经网络、支持向量机、随机森林和极限梯度提升进行水深反演。试验结果表明,影像空间分辨率对水深反演结果精度影响不显著,且综合考虑反演结果的精度和分辨率,Sentinel-2卫星数据性能最佳,同时极限梯度提升相较于其他模型的反演性能最优,其在东沙环礁试验区域的水深反演结果RMSE最优可达0.51 m。该结果对基于异构遥感卫星数据融合的近岸区域水深测量具有很好的参考价值。

基于遥感技术的矿山煤火燃烧风险评价

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