Application of BIM Technology in Building Structure Design

With the emergence of BIM technology,the design concepts and methods of building structures have also changed.For construction design work,it is necessary to reasonably control the various elements of building structure design and scientifically and rationally design the building structure to facilitate onsite construction.Based on this situation,the current BIM technology plays an increasingly important role in the process of building structure design and plays an active role in promoting optimal building structure design.

Forming-Precision-Driven Structure Design of Hydraulic Press: Methodology and Case Study

The structure stiffness of presses has great effects on the forming precision of workpieces, especially in near-net or net shape forming. Conventionally the stiffness specification of presses is empirically determined, resulting in poor designs with insufficient or over sufficient stiffness of press structures. In this paper, an approach for the structure design of hydraulic presses is proposed, which is forming-precision-driven and can make presses costeffective by lightweight optimization. The approach consists of five steps:(1)the determination of the press stiffness specification in terms of the forming precision requirement of workpieces;(2)the conceptual design of the press structures according to the stiffness and workspace specifications, and the structure configuration of the press;(3)the prototype design of the press structures by equivalently converting the conceptual design to prototypes;(4)the selection of key structure parameters by sensitivity analysis of the prototype design; and(5)the optimization of the prototype design. The approach is demonstrated and validated through a case study of the structure design of a 100 MN hydraulic press.

Development of Light Weight Structures to Provide Blast-Resistant Designs

In the past, blast-resistant designs for structures were often constructed with massive type structural systems, which relied more on brute strength than on finesse to achieve the required blast resistance. However, structures composed of COLD-FORMED steel components, such as sheet metal and metal studs, have shown great promise in providing blast resistance with the added benefits of low cost and ease of construction. Some examples of using such structures to provide containment for package handling facilities (PHF) are described in the paper for situations where blast containment is needed, such as a potential package bomb being discovered during the package vetting process. Results from tests and analytic data are used to illustrate aspects of design peculiar to such types of applications. Designs for specific capacities of PHF are described.

Study on Application of BIM Technology in Structural Design of Constructional Engineering

Constructional engineering is the fundamental industry of China and along with the constantly improving of science and technology level in recent years, BIM technology has been gradually applied in constructional engineering field of China, and it has exerted relatively sound application effects, thus actively proving the construction efficiency and quality. In this study, mainly based on BIM technology, I analyze the application of BIM technology in structural design of constructional engineering respectively from field data analysis, structure parameter design, interior design and professional coordination design, and analyze the application effects of BIM technology in structural design of constructional engineering by combining practical cases, which is expected to serve as the effective theoretical basis for the improvement of structural design of constructional engineering in China.

Practical Structural Design Approach of Multiconfiguration Planar Single‑Loop Metamorphic Mechanism with a Single Actuator

As a type of multiconfiguration mechanism that can operate in an under-actuated state,metamorphic mechanisms were proposed more than two decades ago and attracted significant interest.Studies on structural synthesis of metamorphic mechanisms tend to focus more on metamorphic techniques and the structural synthesis of source mechanisms for metamorphic mechanisms.By designing different constraint architectures of metamorphic joints,multistructures can be obtained from the same source metamorphic mechanism.To determine the constraint architectures of metamorphic joints and their different assembly combinations,a kinematic status matrix and a corresponding constraint status matrix are constructed based on the metamorphic cyclogram of a source mechanism.According to the equivalent resistance gradient model and the constraint status matrix,an equivalent resistance matrix for the metamorphic joints is proposed.A structural synthesis matrix of the metamorphic mechanism is then obtained from the equivalent resistance matrix by deducing the constraint form vectors of the metamorphic joints.Furthermore,a kinematic diagram synthesis of the source metamorphic mechanism of a planar single-loop metamorphic mechanism is proposed,which is based on only the 14 one-or zero-degrees-of-freedom linkage groups.The entire structural design method of a metamorphic mechanism is based on the structural synthesis matrix and is presented as a systematic process.Finally,the proposed structural design approach is illustrated by two examples to verify its feasibility and practicality.This study provides an effective method for designing a practical multi-mobility and multiconfiguration planar single-loop metamorphic mechanism with a single actuator.

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

基于BIM技术的装配式住宅装修构造设计

装配式住宅是建筑行业中新建住宅应用率较高的建设形式,然而受到生产技术、设计理念的影响,装配式建筑装修时方法较为传统,存在资金、资源、人力浪费严重,施工过程污染高等问题。为充分展现装配式住宅优势,应将基于计算机技术的BIM信息技术手段融入到装修构造设计环节,在装修模块库创建与管理的基础上,可视化分析装配式住宅装修构造设计的缺陷问题,从而有针对性地展开设计优化,以此提升装配式住宅装修构造设计的科学性与合理性,打造高品质的装配式住宅装修工程。

地外建造研究进展与科学技术挑战

随着深空科学与深空探测技术的不断发展,NASA、ESA以及其他一些国家纷纷提出地外空间中长期驻留设想及其地外建造相关计划。该文梳理了国内外地外建造相关战略,系统分析了地外建造的概念内涵及其发展;总结了地外建造结构设计、材料制备和建造工艺装备三方面研究进展;进而分析指出地外建造关键科学技术挑战。期待更多的学者关注地外建造这一新的研究领域,为我国深空探测贡献土木工程学科智慧。

基于改性PP成型的工控机电路板支撑架注射模设计

针对工控机电路板支撑架大型塑件的成型,选用了一种玻纤改性增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料用于塑件的注射成型。模具结构为三板模结构,分3次开模打开。为保证塑件模腔充填均衡性、饱满性而设计了两个点浇口用于模腔的浇注。针对塑件二级子特征较多,特别是异型螺柱深筋位较多的特点,设计了多个局部镶件用于这些局部特征的成型,在提高局部成型镶件强度的同时,降低了这些成型件的加工难度。针对模腔局部位置排气难点,设置了多个透气镶件以增强排气。设置了锁扣机构、定距拉杆机构用于模具的开模闭模控制;设计了弹料机构用于流道废料的可靠脱模、定位机构以确保塑件的成型精度和模具工作寿命;3个滑块机构用于塑件侧壁直壁及直壁上侧孔的成型与脱模。模具结构形式合理,成型件便于加工且实用可靠,能为同类模具设计提供有益借鉴。

人性化理念在产品包装设计中的应用

目的探寻产品包装设计的人性化理念的应用策略,优化产品包装设计,使产品包装设计更符合用户的需求,更具有审美性与实用性。方法采用理论研究和实践研究的方法,从人性化设计理念的理论入手,结合一些实践案例探讨了人性化理念在产品包装设计中的应用策略。结论在产品包装设计中应用人性化理念,需要从包装的色彩设计、包装结构设计、包装设计情感化设计、包装材料设计等方面入手。同时,包装设计针对不同的人群,也要选取不同的人性化设计手段。

89钻杆自动排放机械手设计与研究

为了解决目前人工辅助完成陆地钻台立柱存取存在排放工作劳动强度大、安全性低等问题,以KV3000钻井平台为大环境、89钻杆组成的立柱为研究对象,设计了钻杆自动排杆机械手。首先,对钻井过程中存取立柱的动作及时序过程进行分析;其次,采用动力学仿真分析方法对自动排放机械手进行干涉检查和行程检验,并针对核心零部件进行有限元分析。结果表明:研究装置可顺利完成钻杆存取工作,实现立柱在立柱盒与井口之间的位置转换,加速度均为线性,变化比较平稳,整体无较大波动;核心零部件最大变形为0.15167 mm,最大应力为59.875 MPa,均在允许范围。设备结构合理、运动轨迹规划合理、核心受力部件满足使用要求,提高了钻井作业过程中的自动化程度和安全性,为钻井作业钻杆自动排放提供了解决方案。

高速钢桶焊缝机电机座支撑脚复合模设计

针对高速钢桶焊缝机电机座支撑脚使用2 mm厚的SECC板料进行中小批量冲压成形的要求,设计了3副模具用于制件的4道工序成形。冲孔落料和修边压印采用倒装式复合模结构、切分模和弯曲模采用正装结构,且切分模和弯曲模集成在1副模具内。弯曲模中设计了凸模驱动的双滑块内收弯曲成形机构,该机构在制件弯曲壁的两侧都使用滑块进行夹紧驱动弯曲,能有效防止弯曲回弹,保证了制件的弯曲成形尺寸。模具结构简单实用,成形工艺设计合理,实现了制件的自动化生产。

以3D增材制造项目为牵引的项目驱动式教学改革探讨——以汽车车身结构与设计为例

为了更好地提升教学效果、培养学生综合能力,文章基于汽车车身结构与设计课程内容与课程目标,提出了一种以3D增材制造项目为牵引的项目驱动式教学改革模式,该模式以“高阶性、创新性与挑战度”为要求,以3D增材制造项目为牵引,构造出具体的结构设计及优化理论与制造实践相结合的教学项目,构建了“设计-优化-制造-测试-应用”全过程的项目驱动教学内容体系。在教学课程实施过程中,学生可充分接触产业前沿,自主探究学习先进理论,并充分锻炼学生解决复杂问题的综合能力,培养出满足产业发展的高素质高能力工程人才全面提升学生能力。

基于真空压铸技术的机壳压铸模设计

通过对机壳压铸件的结构工艺分析,介绍了真空压铸技术下模具的浇注系统、成型零件、侧向分型与抽芯机构、推出机构、溢流与排气系统、温度控制系统等机构的设计要点,相比普通压铸的模具,能有效减低压铸原材料的损耗,提升压铸件质量,为类似模具的设计提供一定的参考借鉴。

液氢储运技术发展现状与展望

液氢具有储运密度大、能量密度高的特点,应用前景广阔,受限于液氢的物理特性,低温储运技术制约了液氢大规模应用。该文对当前国内外固定及移动式液氢储存设备进行调研,针对目前所面临的技术难点,从储氢材料、低温绝热、热力特性、配套设备、标准体系等方面总结液氢储运环节的关键技术,分析液氢储运现状与发展趋势,提出未来液氢储运技术重点发展方向,能有力促进中国高性能液氢储运设备研发,保障未来液氢规模化安全使用。

仿写、建造、传统——从遗产价值的角度看大禹陵禹庙大殿钢筋混凝土仿木构建造的传承

重建于1933年的绍兴大禹陵禹庙大殿是一座完全采用钢筋混凝土材料写仿的“传统木构建筑”。它不仅在梁架系统上完美模拟了木构结构,还运用预制钢筋混凝土构件来制作斗栱、筒瓦屋面和脊饰,并由文人主导进行梁栿彩画的绘制。这种巧妙组合融合了传统建筑形式与新型钢筋混凝土建造技术,并通过乡土工匠对建造过程的参与延续了当地对大禹祭祀传统的承袭。从建造与遗产价值角度来看,固有形式与新材料之间的结合源于对当地历史与文脉的传承和追求。通过对该案例进行深入剖析,可以发掘传统地方建造系统所具有的巨大惯性和灵活兼容性。

大截面变化率对称结构管整体液力成形工艺研究

为解决某汽车排气尾管一体化成形中成形道次多的制造问题,提出了与传统压扁特征处对称结构(A型)设计思路不同的圆截面处对称结构(B型),并采用液力成形工艺对其进行成形,通过对比成形道次和零件质量,分析了两种对称结构工件成形的优缺点。研究发现,由于A型结构工件一道次成形时圆角处会出现裂纹,需采用多工步成形才能实现;而B型结构工件一道次成形效果良好;经多工步成形的A型结构工件和一道次成形的B型结构工件最大壁厚减薄率均小于25%。但是,与A型对称结构工件相比,B型对称结构工件圆角处壁厚减薄率更低,成形效果更好,并且模具数量由3套减少为1套。通过合理的零件结构设计,该结构打破了传统圆形截面端部密封的设计束缚,不仅有效降低了模具成本,还提高了生产效率,大幅提高了零件成形效果。

基于流固物理场的电机逆变器功率模块散热结构优化设计

散热设计在电机逆变器功率模块研制过程中至关重要,温升是影响逆变器功率模块散热的关键因素。为了探究其温升特性,建立了一种基于流固物理场的电机逆变器功率模块结构模型,采用有限元分析法对功率模块的3D温度场和流体场进行了计算,分析了功率模块内部温度场及湍流流线的分布情况。在此基础上,进一步分析了导热胶脂参数、环境温度、风扇面积及格栅面积对功率模块温升的影响,得到一种优化后的功率模块流固物理场结构模型。结果表明,考虑空气流场的流固物理场模型能分析电机逆变器功率模块内部的温度,也可确定影响其温升的关键性因素。经优化后,在环境温度为20℃和125℃下,该模型能分别有效降低电机逆变器功率模块23.1%和10.01%的温度。该研究为电机逆变器功率模块的封装热设计提供了参考,同时为功率模块结温的在线估算提供了依据。

四川盆地威荣深层页岩气安全与提速钻井技术

四川盆地威荣页岩气埋深3600~3850 m,属于典型的深层页岩气藏,钻井工程面临压力体系复杂、茅口组部分区域断溶体发育、地层可钻性差、龙马溪组地层温度高等难题。针对复杂的地质条件,以安全与提速钻井为核心,通过成熟引进与先导试验技术结合的方式,持续攻关钻井工程工艺技术;并不断深化过路层段地质认识,采用一段一策的方案,提高工程技术的针对性。威荣页岩气田经历勘探评价、开发一期、开发二期3个阶段,形成了以井身结构优化、断溶体避让的轨道设计、井筒压力控制和钻压同步预防压窜干扰为重点的安全钻井技术,以“二维+小三维”的三维轨道剖面、四位一体地质导向技术、破岩工具优选和钻井参数强化为关键的提速钻井技术。该技术应用于威荣页岩气田150余口开发井,机械钻速由开发初期的6.32 m/h提升至9.12 m/h,钻井周期由106.68 d缩短至68.75 d,缩短率为35.56%,实现了威荣深层页岩气钻井工程提速降本的目标,其形成的安全与提速钻井系列技术对同类型气藏开发具有较强的参考意义。