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Spatial patterns of zooplankton abundance,biovolume,and size structure in response to environmental variables:a case study in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
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作者 Song SUN Haochen XIAN +2 位作者 Xiaoxia SUN Mingliang ZHU Mengtan LIU 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期113-127,共15页
The Yellow Sea(YS)and East China Sea(ECS)are highly dynamic marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean.To gain an in-depth understanding of zooplankton community structure,zooplankton abundance,biovolume,and size... The Yellow Sea(YS)and East China Sea(ECS)are highly dynamic marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean.To gain an in-depth understanding of zooplankton community structure,zooplankton abundance,biovolume,and size structure in summer 2017 in the YS and ECS were assessed using ZooScan imaging analysis.Zooplankton abundance and biovolume ranged 2.94–1187.14 inds./m^(3)and 3.13–3438.51 mm^(3)/m^(3),respectively.Based on the biovolume data of the categorized size classes of 26 identified taxonomic groups,the zooplankton community was classified into five groups,and each group was coupled with distinctive oceanographic features.Under the influence of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass,the Yellow Sea offshore group featured the lowest bottom temperature(10.84±3.42℃)and the most abundant Calanoids(mainly in the 2–3 mm size class).In the Yellow Sea inshore group,Hydrozoans showed the largest biovolume and dominated in the 3–4-mm and>5-mm size classes.The East China Sea offshore group,which was affected by the Kuroshio Branch Current,featured high temperature and salinity,and the lowest bottom dissolved oxygen(2.58±0.5 mg/L).The lowest values of zooplankton abundance and biovolume in the East China Sea offshore group might be attributed to the bottom dissolved oxygen contents.The East China Sea inshore group,which was mainly influenced by the Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current and Changjiang Diluted Water,was characterized by high chlorophyll a and the largest biovolume of carnivorous Siphonophores(280.82±303.37 mm^(3)/m^(3)).The Changjiang River estuary offshore group showed the most abundant Cyclopoids,which might be associated with the less turbid water mass in this region.Seawater temperature was considered the most important factor in shaping the size compositions of Calanoids in different groups. 展开更多
关键词 ZOOPLANKTON size structure ZooScan Yellow Sea East China Sea
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Temporal change of plankton size structure preserved by Lugol's solution:a FlowCAM study
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作者 Zijia LIU Yuan DONG +3 位作者 Qian P.LI Zhengchao WU Zaiming GE Mengzhen MA 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期290-299,共10页
Plankton size structure is crucial for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics and the associated biogeochemical processes.A fixation step by acid Lugol’s solution has been commonly employed to preserve plankton samp... Plankton size structure is crucial for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics and the associated biogeochemical processes.A fixation step by acid Lugol’s solution has been commonly employed to preserve plankton samples in the field.However,the acid Lugol’s solution can bias the estimation of size structure and the preserved plankton size structure can vary with time.Here,we explore the impact of sample storage time on the size-structure of the plankton community preserved by Lugol’s solution.Two short-term experiments and one long-term experiment were conducted to explore the change of plankton community size structure with the storage time:covering from a week to a month,and to nearly seven months based on particle-size data obtained by continuous Flow Cytometer and Microscope(FlowCAM)measurements.We found a linear change of plankton size with the storage time in short-term periods(less than 3 months)with a decrease of the slope but an increase of the intercept for the normalized biomass size spectrum(NBS S).However,there were opposite trends for NBSS with increasing slope but decreasing intercept after3 months.The potential causes of the distinct patterns of the NBSS parameters are addressed in terms of the interplay between particle aggregation and fragmentation.We found large changes in plankton biovolume and abundance among different size classes,which may indicate a distinct effect of acid Lugol’s solution on various plankton size classes.The mechanism driving temporal change in the size-structure of the Lugolfixed plankton community was further discussed in terms of particle aggregation and fragmentation.Finally,we emphasize that the effect of storage time should be taken into account when interpreting or comparing data of plankton community acquired from samples with various storage durations. 展开更多
关键词 Lugol’s PLANKTON size structure Flow Cytometer and Microscope(FlowCAM)
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Literature overview of basic characteristics and flotation laws of flocs
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作者 Wanzhong Yin Yu Xie Zhanglei Zhu 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期943-958,共16页
Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by t... Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by their apparent particle size and structure(density and morphology).Substantial researches have been conducted regarding the effect of floc characteristics on particle settling and water treatment.However,the influence of floc characteristics on flotation has not been widely studied.Based on the floc formation and flocculation flotation,this study reviews the fundamental physical characteristics of flocs from the perspectives of floc particle size and structure,summarizing the interaction between floc particle size and structure.Moreover,it thoroughly discusses the effect of floc particle size and structure on floc floatability,further revealing the influence of floc characteristics on bubble collision and adhesion and elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between flocs and bubbles.Thus,it is observed that floc particle size is not the only factor influencing flocculation flotation.Within the appropriate apparent particle size range,flocs with a compact structure exhibit higher efficiency in bubble collision and adhesion during flotation,thereby resulting in enhanced flotation performance.This study aims to provide a reference for flocculation flotation,targeting the development of more efficient and refined flocculation flotation processes in the future. 展开更多
关键词 FLOCS basic characteristics particle size and structure flotation laws BUBBLES
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Variability of phytoplankton absorption in the northern South China Sea:influence of the size structure and pigment composition of algal populations 被引量:9
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作者 WANG Guifen CAO Wenxi +1 位作者 XU Dazhi YANG Yuezhong 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第2期12-25,共14页
Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River (ZR), coastal waters of Guangdong (CWGD) and the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance o... Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River (ZR), coastal waters of Guangdong (CWGD) and the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance of pigment composition and packaging effect in modifying the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton. The three survey regions differ widely in their phytoplankton community with large cells dominating the ZR and CWGD waters and small cells dominating the NSCS region. Variations in the size structure and the accessory pigments have much effect on the chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The size index accounted for about 42% and 33% of the variation of the specific absorption coefficient at 440 and 675 nm, respectively. Using the multiple regression analysis approach, pigment concentrations for each sample were calculated. The accessory pigments other than chlorophyll a contribute to absorption mainly in the blue - to - green region of the spectrum and their absorptions account for about 44%, 43% and 53% on the average of the total phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm for the ZR, CWGD and NSCS regions. Among the accessory pigments, the photosynthetic carotenoids (noted PSC) play a dominant role in the ZR and CWGD waters, while in the NSCS the nonphotosynthetic carotenoids (noted PPG) as well as PSC have important contributions. Because the variations of both the size structure and accessory pigments in algal populations contributed to the variability of the specific absorption coefficient in the study regions, these factors may be considered explicitly in future bio - optical algorithms to derive chlorophyll a concentration more accurately. 展开更多
关键词 absorption coefficient of phytoplankton size structure pigment composition bio-optical model ocean color
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Topology-based analysis of pelagic food web structure in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean based on longline observer data 被引量:2
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作者 Qinqin Lin Jiangfeng Zhu 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第6期1-9,共9页
The tropical Pacific Ocean supports many productive commercial fisheries.However,few studies of ecosystem structure in the tropical Pacific Ocean have been carried out.In this study,we analyzed the food web structure ... The tropical Pacific Ocean supports many productive commercial fisheries.However,few studies of ecosystem structure in the tropical Pacific Ocean have been carried out.In this study,we analyzed the food web structure in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean based on trophic relationships of 35 pelagic species collected by Chinese tuna longline observers from June to November in 2017.Topology indices(node degree,D;centrality indices,BC and CC;topological importance indices,TI^1,TI^3;keystone indices,K,K_t and K_b)and Key-Player algorithms(KPP-1,KPP-2)were used to select key species and construct a simplified food web combined with body size data.The Kendall rank correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that different topology indices resulted in consistent rankings of key species.Most key species were the same as those selected in other studies in the Pacific Ocean,such as Shortbill spearfish(Tetrapturus angustirostris),Swordfish(Xiphias gladius),Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga),cephalopods and scomber.The food web would be separated into many unconnected parts(F=0.632,FD=0.795,R^D=0.957)after the removal of the five key species,indicating the key roles of these species in the food web structure and stability.Body size was considered an influential indicator in constructing the simplified food web.This study can improve our understanding of the food web structure in the tropical Pacific Ocean and provide scientific basis for further ecosystem dynamics studies. 展开更多
关键词 TOPOLOGY food web structure tropical Pacific key species size structure
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Longitudinal patterns of spring-intermonsoon phytoplankton biomass,species compositions and size structure in the Bay of Bengal 被引量:2
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作者 LI Gang KE Zhixin +7 位作者 LIN Qiang NI Guangyan SHEN Pingping LIU Huaxue YIN Jianqiang LI Kaizhi HUANG Liangmin TAN Yehui 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第2期121-128,共8页
Vertical distributions of phytoplankton biomass, compositions and size structure were investigated during the spring-intermonsoon (April 22 to 30) of 2010 along transact 10°N of the Bay of Bengal, northern Indi... Vertical distributions of phytoplankton biomass, compositions and size structure were investigated during the spring-intermonsoon (April 22 to 30) of 2010 along transact 10°N of the Bay of Bengal, northern Indian Ocean. Surface phytoplankton biomass (Chl a) was (0.065±0.009) μg/L, being greater than 80% of which was contributed by pico-phytoplankton (〈3 μm). The Chl a concen- tration vertically increased to the maximal values at deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layer that shoaled eastwards from 75 to 40 m. The Chl a biomass at DCM layer generally varied between 0.2 and 0.4 μg/L, reaching the maximum of 0.56 μg/L with micro-phytoplankton cells (~20 #m) accounting for 58% and nano- (3-20μm) or pico-cells for 15% and 27%, respectively. In particular, the cells concentration coupling well with phosphate level was observed at middle layer (75-100 m) of 87° to 89°E, dominated by micro-cells diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros atlanticus v. neapolitana, Chaetoceros femur and Pseudonitzsehia sp.) and cyanobacteria (i.e., Trichodesmium hildebrandtii), With the ceils concentration reached as high as 4.0 × 10^4 and 4.3 × 10^4 cells/L. At the rest of the trans- act however, dinoflagellates (e.g., Amphisdinium carterae and Prorocentrum sp.) were the dominant species, with the cells concentration varying from 0.3×10^3 to 6.8×10^3 cells/L. Our results also indicate that the regulation of large cells (micro-, nano-) on phytoplankton biomass merely occurred at DCM layer of the Bay. 展开更多
关键词 longitudinal distributions PHYTOPLANKTON size structure Bay of Bengal
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Inverse Calculation of Wave-Absorbing Structure Dimensions Based on Extended ANFIS Model 被引量:1
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作者 TIAN Zheng-lin SUN Zhao-chen +1 位作者 LIANG Shu-xiu WANG Xing-gang 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第5期501-513,共13页
A new wave energy dissipation structure is proposed, aiming to optimize the dimensions of the structure and make the reflection of the structure maintain a low level within the scope of the known frequency band. An op... A new wave energy dissipation structure is proposed, aiming to optimize the dimensions of the structure and make the reflection of the structure maintain a low level within the scope of the known frequency band. An optimal extended ANFIS model combined with the wave reflection coefficient analysis for the estimation of the structure dimensions is established. In the premise of lower wave reflection coefficient, the specific sizes of the structure are obtained inversely, and the contribution of each related parameter on the structural reflection performance is analyzed. The main influencing factors are determined. It is found that the optimal dimensions of the proposed structure exist, which make the wave absorbing performance of the structure reach a perfect status under a wide wave frequency band. 展开更多
关键词 new absorbing structure COMBLOC reflected coefficients structural sizes inversion model extended ANFIS
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The Structure and Size-effect of Calcium Modified Lead Titanate Nanocrystal,Pb_(0.85)Ca_(0.15)TiO_3 被引量:1
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作者 FU Honggang QIANG Liangsheng +5 位作者 XU Chongquan ZHAN Zhiqian ZHANG Xin YU Haitao ZHANG Yanxi HUANG Li 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1999年第2期66-70,共5页
Calcium modified lead titanate nanocrystal material Pb0.85Ca0.15TiO3 was synthesized by means of a solgel method.The changes of crystal structure and grainsize of the samples were investigated under different conditio... Calcium modified lead titanate nanocrystal material Pb0.85Ca0.15TiO3 was synthesized by means of a solgel method.The changes of crystal structure and grainsize of the samples were investigated under different conditions of heat treatment.the results show that the tetragonal symmetry is reduced and the ferroelectricparaelectric phase transformation temperature is decreased with the reduce of the grainsize of the sample.the critical grainsize for the ferroelectricparaelectric phase transformation at room temperature was calculated.The change regularities of the lattice constant and tetragonality with the grainsize are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 PTC15 Nanocrystal Crystal structure Size effect Crystal structure Size effect
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A plastidic ATP/ADP transporter gene, IbAATP, increases starch and amylose contents and alters starch structure in transgenic sweetpotato 被引量:3
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作者 WANG Yan-nan LI Yan +3 位作者 ZHANG Huan ZHAI Hong LIU Qing-chang HE Shao-zhen 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第9期1968-1982,共15页
A plastidic adenosine triphosphate(ATP)/adenosine diphosphate(ADP) transporter(AATP) is responsible for importing ATP from the cytosol into plastids. In dicotyledonous plants, increasing ATP supply is a potentia... A plastidic adenosine triphosphate(ATP)/adenosine diphosphate(ADP) transporter(AATP) is responsible for importing ATP from the cytosol into plastids. In dicotyledonous plants, increasing ATP supply is a potential way to facilitate anabolic synthesis in heterotrophic plastids. In this study, a gene encoding the AATP protein, named Ib AATP, was isolated from sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.). Transcripts of Ib AATP were predominantly detected in the storage roots and leaves and were induced by exogenous sucrose and subjected to circadian rhythm. Transient expression of Ib AATP in tobacco and onion epidermal cells revealed the plastidic localization of Ib AATP. The overexpression of Ib AATP in sweetpotato significantly increased the starch and amylose contents and led to enlarged starch granules. The IbA ATP-overexpressing plants showed altered fine structure of amylopectin, which contained an increased proportion of chains with a degree of polymerization(DP) of 10–23 and a reduced number of chains with a DP of 5–9 and 24–40. In addition, starch from the transgenic plants exhibited different pasting properties. The transcript levels of starch biosynthetic genes, including Ib AGP, Ib GBSSI, Ib SSIIV, and Ib SBE, were differentially regulated in the transgenic plants. These results revealed the explicit role of Ib AATP in the starch biosynthesis of sweetpotato and indicated that this gene has the potential to be used to improve starch content and quality in sweetpotato and other plants. 展开更多
关键词 sweetpotato Ib AATP starch content and composition starch granule size starch structure pasting properties
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Influence of Structure Plane Size on Seismic Response of Soil-Structure Interaction
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作者 姜忻良 张亚楠 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2013年第5期345-350,共6页
The influence of the change of structure plane size on seismic response was studied for a soil-structure interaction system.Based on the finite element method,a soil-structure interaction calculation model was establi... The influence of the change of structure plane size on seismic response was studied for a soil-structure interaction system.Based on the finite element method,a soil-structure interaction calculation model was established to analyze the seismic response by changing the structure plane size and choosing different earthquake waves for different soil fields.The results show that when the natural periods of vibration for different structure plane sizes are close,under the same earthquake wave,the total displacement on the top layer of the structure and the foundation rotation displacement decrease with the increase of structure plane size,and the proportion of superstructure elastic selfdeformation displacement to the total displacement increases with the increase of structure plane size.While for different types of sites and seismic waves,under the horizontal and vertical seismic waves,the seismic responses of different plane sizes have a similar change rule. 展开更多
关键词 soil-structure interaction finite element analysis structure plane size seismic response time historyanalysis
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Size Effect on the Raman Spectra and Electronic Structure of the Glycine-alanine Oligopeptide Chains
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作者 余敏 孟耀勇 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第8期1289-1296,共8页
A theoretical study on oligopeptide chains of glycine-alanine by density functional theory(DFT) is given in this paper. Raman spectra of the oligopeptide chains are examined. The geometric structures, frontier orbit... A theoretical study on oligopeptide chains of glycine-alanine by density functional theory(DFT) is given in this paper. Raman spectra of the oligopeptide chains are examined. The geometric structures, frontier orbital, energy gap, atomic charge distribution, density of states and chemical activity of the side chain are studied at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Results show that, with the number of residues increasing, vibrations of typical functional groups present Raman frequency shift, and the energy gap is gradually reduced. The HOMO and LUMO focus on the amino and carboxyl at the ends of oligopeptides. It is helpful for oligopeptides to self-assemble into chains. In addition, different residues(glycine or alanine) at the ends of chains result in the even-odd effect of orbital energy in the growth process. The size effects of physical and chemical properties only exist when the oligopeptides are shorter, and the phenomenon disappeared as the chain continues to grow. 展开更多
关键词 density functional theory(DFT) Raman spectra electronic structure size effect glycine-alanine oligopeptide chains
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Changes in Household Size and Structure in China
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作者 Jiang Zhenghua and Zeng Yi 《China Population Today》 1994年第6期5-8,共4页
ased on the most recent data from the 1990 census, this paper analyses the trend of the changing household size and structure, and the socioeconomic causes beginning in the 1950s. The relationship between the househol... ased on the most recent data from the 1990 census, this paper analyses the trend of the changing household size and structure, and the socioeconomic causes beginning in the 1950s. The relationship between the household size and structure and China's population policy is also analyzed in the paper. Two different categories of socioeconomic factors have been identified which operate in opposition to each other, influencing the increase and decrease in the desirability of co-residence of domestic groups. The future household size and structure is determined by both of them. 展开更多
关键词 Changes in Household Size and structure in China
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A comparison between benthic gillnet and bottom trawl for assessing fish assemblages in a shallow eutrophic lake near the Changjiang River estuary 被引量:8
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作者 LI Yalei LIU Qigen +4 位作者 CHEN Liping ZHAO Lianjie WU Hao CHEN Liqiao HUT Zhongjun 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第2期572-586,共15页
Two fishing methods including gillnetting and trawling to estimate attributes of fish assemblage were compared in Dianshan Lake from August 2009 to July 2010. Species composition dif fered significantly between the ge... Two fishing methods including gillnetting and trawling to estimate attributes of fish assemblage were compared in Dianshan Lake from August 2009 to July 2010. Species composition dif fered significantly between the gears, with four significant contributors in gillnet catches and one in trawl catches. Trawling collected more proportions of benthic species by number and biomass than gillnetting. Size distribution was significantly influenced by fishing technique; gillnetting captured relatively less small-sized fishes and trawling captured less large-sized individuals. Trawling produced species richness closer to the one expected than gillnetting. On the whole, trawl catch was a quadratic polynomial function of gillnet catch and a significantly negative correlation was found between them, both of which varied as dif ferent polynomial functions of temperature. However, trawl and gillnet catches were significantly correlated only in one of five month groups. It is concluded that single-gear-based surveys can be misleading in assessments of attributes of fish assemblages, bottom trawling is a more ef fective gear for assessing fish diversity than benthic gillnetting, and using gillnet catches as an indicator of fish density depends on fishing season in the lake. 展开更多
关键词 fishing gear expected species richness size structure catch per unit effort temperature
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Particle Size and Crystal Phase Effects in Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts 被引量:7
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作者 Jin-xun Liu Peng Wang +1 位作者 Wayne Xu Emiel J. M. Hensen 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2017年第4期467-476,共10页
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is an increasingly important approach for producing liquid fuels and chemicals via syngas-that is, synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen-generated from coal, natura... Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is an increasingly important approach for producing liquid fuels and chemicals via syngas-that is, synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen-generated from coal, natural gas, or biomass. In FTS, dispersed transition metal nanoparticles are used to catalyze the reactions underlying the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Catalytic activity and selectivity are strongly correlated with the electronic and geometric structure of the nanoparticles, which depend on the particle size, morphology, and crystallographic phase of the nanoparticles. In this article, we review recent works dealing with the aspects of bulk and surface sensitivity of the FTS reaction. Understanding the different catalytic behavior in more detail as a function of these parameters may guide the design of more active, selective, and stable FTS catalysts. 展开更多
关键词 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Iron COBALT and ruthenium carbides Size effect Crystal structure
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Phytoplankton pigment pattern in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the South Java coastal upwelling system, Indonesia 被引量:2
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作者 GAO Chunlei FU Mingzhu +5 位作者 SONG Hongjun WANG Lei WEI Qinsheng SUN Ping LIU Lin ZHANG Xuelei 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第12期97-106,共10页
Upwelling occurs on the coast of Java between June and October, forced by local alongshore winds associated with the southeasterly monsoon. This causes variations in phytoplankton community composition in the upwellin... Upwelling occurs on the coast of Java between June and October, forced by local alongshore winds associated with the southeasterly monsoon. This causes variations in phytoplankton community composition in the upwelling zone compared with the surrounding offshore area. Based on pigments analysis with subsequent calculations of group contributions to total chlorophyll a(Chl a) using CHEMTAX, we studied the distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum along the south coast of Java and the influence of upwelling. Nineteen phytoplankton pigments were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and CHEMTAX analysis associated these to ten major phytoplankton groups. The phytoplankton community in the coastal area influenced by upwelling was characterized by high Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations, indicating the dominance of diatoms. In contrast, in the offshore area, the Chl a and fucoxanthin concentrations declined to very low levels and the community was dominated by haptophytes represented by 19′-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin. Accordingly, microphytoplankton was found to be the major size class in the coastal area influenced by upwelling, while nanophytoplankton was most abundant in the offshore area. Low concentrations of other accessory pigments indicated less contribution from dinoflagellates,prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Photo-pigment indices revealed that photosynthetic carotenoids(PSCs) were the largest component of the pigment pool, exceeding the proportion of Chl a, with the average PSCTP up to 0.62. These distribution trends can mainly be explained by phytoplankton adaption strategies to upwelling and subsurface conditions by changing species composition and adjusting the pigment pool. 展开更多
关键词 Java upwelling phytoplankton pigment HPLC subsurface chlorophyll maximum CHEMTAX size structure
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Body size structure of Pleistocene mammalian communities: what support is there for the “island rule”? 被引量:1
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作者 Maria R.PALOMBO 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2009年第4期341-356,共16页
Islands are often regarded by scientists as living laboratories of evolution and an optimal context for the study of forces influencing evolution and diversification.Two main issues have been attentively scrutinized a... Islands are often regarded by scientists as living laboratories of evolution and an optimal context for the study of forces influencing evolution and diversification.Two main issues have been attentively scrutinized and debated:the loss of biodiversity and the peculiar changes undergone by island settlers,primarily changes in size of endemic vertebrates.Over time,several hypotheses have been formulated to explain the causal mechanism of body size modification.Faunas of those islands where mainland taxa migrate more than once provide the most interesting data to answer the question of whether or not trends of insular taxa result from a predictable response to differences in competition and availability of niches between insular and mainland environments.To contribute to the debate,the body size structure of the Pleistocene mammalian faunas from two Mediterranean islands,Sicily and Crete,were analyzed and compared with the structure of coeval mainland faunas.The results obtained suggest that:(i)size of endemic species does not directly depend on the area of islands;(ii)evolution and size of endemic species seems somewhat affected by the degree of isolation(constraining coloniza-tion from mainland)and physiography(sometimes permitting adaptive radiation);(iii)in unbalanced insular communities,the shift in size of non-carnivorous species largely depends on the nature of competing species;and(iv)body size of carnivorous species mainly depends on the size of the most available prey.Consequently,it is rational to suppose that the body size of insular mammals mainly results from the peculiar biological dynamics that characterizes unbalanced insular communities.Ecological interaction,particularly the intraguild competition,is the major driver behind the evolution of insular communities,leading towards an optimization of energy balance through a change in body size of endemic settlers. 展开更多
关键词 body size ISLANDS MAMMALS Mediterranean Pleistocene.Body size structure of Sicilian and Cretan Pleistocene fauna
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Effect of Microdomain Structure on the Mechanical Behavior of Binary Blends 被引量:1
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作者 Bin Su Yong-sheng Zhao +1 位作者 陈枫 傅强 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第7期964-975,共12页
The relationship between microphase structure and mechanical response of the binary blends consisting of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene copolymer and low molecular weight polystyrene has been investi... The relationship between microphase structure and mechanical response of the binary blends consisting of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene copolymer and low molecular weight polystyrene has been investigated. Low molecular weight polystyrene was chosen to obtain uniformly solubilized nano-blends without macrophase separation. The specimens were solution-cast by adding different amounts of homo-polystyrene to acquire different microphase structures. Small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and atom force microscopy(AFM) have been used to study the microdomain and grain structure. It is observed that the structural changes in d-spacing and grain size on account of different amounts of polystyrene alter the mechanical behavior in both monotonic tensile and cyclic tests. The elastic and the Mullins effects are strongly sensitive to the changes in d-spacing and grain sizes. Moreover, the sample with bi-continuous structure shows the largest tensile strength and Mullins effect. In addition, the Mooneye-Rivlin phenomenological model was used to evaluate and explore the relationship between the polymer topological networks and the rubber elasticity of these styrenic nano-blends. 展开更多
关键词 Microphase Grain size d-Spacing Bi-continuous structure Elastic response
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Thermal conductivity of carbon-based nanomaterials:Deep understanding of the structural effects 被引量:3
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作者 Yangsu Xie Xinwei Wang 《Green Carbon》 2023年第1期47-57,共11页
The thermal conductivity of carbon-based nanomaterials(e.g.carbon nanotubes,graphene,graphene aerogels,and carbon fibers)is a physical property of great scientific and engineering importance.Thermal conductivity tailo... The thermal conductivity of carbon-based nanomaterials(e.g.carbon nanotubes,graphene,graphene aerogels,and carbon fibers)is a physical property of great scientific and engineering importance.Thermal conductivity tailoring via structure engineering is widely conducted to meet the requirement of different applications.Traditionally,the thermal conductivity-temperature relation is used to analyze the structural effect but this relation is extremely affected by effect of temperature-dependence of specific heat.In this paper,detailed review and discussions are provided on the thermal reffusivity theory to analyze the structural effects on thermal conductivity.For the first time,the thermal reffusivity-temperature trend in fact uncovers very strong structural degrading with reduced temperature for various carbon-based nanomaterials.The residual thermal reffusivity at the 0 K limit can be used to directly calculate the structure thermal domain(STD)size,a size like that determined by x-ray diffraction,but reflects phonon scattering.For amorphous carbon materials or nanomaterials that could not induce sufficient x-ray scattering,the STD size probably provides the only available physical domain size for structure analysis.Different from many isotropic and anisotropic materials,carbon-based materials(e.g.graphite,graphene,and graphene paper)have Van der Waals bonds in the c-axis direction and covalent bonds in the a-axis direction.This results in two different kinds of phonons whose specific heat,phonon velocity,and mean free path are completely different.A physical model is proposed to introduce the anisotropic specific heat and temperature concept,and to interpret the extremely long phonon mean free path despite the very low thermal conductivity in the c-axis direction.This model also can be applied to other similar anisotropic materials that feature Van der Waals and covalent bonds in different directions. 展开更多
关键词 Thermal conductivity Thermal reffusivity structure thermal domain size Carbon-based nanomaterials Phonons and electrons structure scattering Anisotropic temperatures Anisotropic specific heat
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Microscopic origin and relevant grain size effect of discontinuous grain growth in BaTiO_(3)-based ferroelectric ceramics 被引量:1
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作者 Hong Li Bo Wu +6 位作者 Cong Lin Xiao Wu Tengfei Lin Min Gao Hong Tao Wenjuan Wu Chunlin Zhao 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第33期119-128,共10页
Barium titanate[BaTiO_(3)(BT)]-based ceramics are typical ferroelectric materials.Here,the discontinuous grain growth(DGG)and relevant grain size effect are deeply studied.An obvious DGG phenomenon is observed in a pa... Barium titanate[BaTiO_(3)(BT)]-based ceramics are typical ferroelectric materials.Here,the discontinuous grain growth(DGG)and relevant grain size effect are deeply studied.An obvious DGG phenomenon is observed in a paradigmatic Zr^(4+)-doped BT-based ceramic,with grains growing from∼2.2–6.6 to∼121.8–198.4μm discontinuously near 1320℃.It is found that fine grains can get together and grow into large ones with liquid phase surrounding them above eutectic temperature.Then the grain boundary density(D g)is quantitatively studied and shows a first-order reciprocal relationship with grain size,and the grain size effect is dependent on D g.Fine grains lead to high D g,and then cause fine domains and pseudocubic-like phase structure because of the interrupted long-range ferroelectric orders by grain boundary.High D g also causes the diffusion phase transition and low Curie dielectric peak due to the distribution of phase transition temperature induced by internal stress.Local domain switching experiments reveal that the polarization orientation is more difficult near the grain boundary,implying that the grain boundary inhibition dominates the process of polarization orientation in fine-grain ceramics,which leads to low polarization but a high coercive field.However,large-grain ceramics exhibit easy domain switching and high&similar ferroelectricity.This work reveals that the grain boundary effect dominates the grain size effect in fine-grain ceramics,and expands current knowledge on DGG and grain size effect in polycrystalline materials. 展开更多
关键词 BT-based ferroelectric ceramics Discontinuous grain growth Grain boundary density Grain size effect on structure/property Microscopic origin
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Age and body size of Rana amurensis from northeastern China 被引量:5
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作者 Wei CHEN Xin LU 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第6期781-784,共4页
Age and body size are two important demographic traits that determine the life history strategies of populations and species. We measured these two parameters ofRana amurensis, at a 900 m and a 500 m altitude site in ... Age and body size are two important demographic traits that determine the life history strategies of populations and species. We measured these two parameters ofRana amurensis, at a 900 m and a 500 m altitude site in northeastern China. At the two sites, age at first reproduction was 2 years for males and 3 years for females. The maximum age of males and females at the high-altitude site was 6 and 7 years, and 5 and 7 years at the low-altitude population, respectively. Females were significantly larger than males in both populations, due to greater age in both the high- and low-altitude sites, Body size of either males or fe- males did not differ significantly between populations; only males showed increased body size at the high-altitude site when age effect was statistically controlled for. The increased cline of male body size may be attributable to delayed maturation of the sex due to a shorter growing season at high altitudes 展开更多
关键词 Age structure Body size life history Rana amurensis
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