Influencing Factors for Formation of Urban and Rural Spatial Structure in Metropolis Fringe Area——Taking Shuangliu County of Chengdu in China as a Case

With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have ex-perienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial struc-ture of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spa-tial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migra-tion, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for car-rying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.

Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas——A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area,China

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.

Mutual Conversion of Land Use between Urban and Rural Area in the Process of Urbanization: A Case Study of Shandong Province

Urbanization is one of the driving forces for the land use change in type and structure, and its prominent effect is to convert rural land to urban land. This paper takes Shan-dong Province as an example to analyze the current situation of the mutual conversion between the urban and rural areas from the aspects of the structure of land use, the decreasing tendency of the cultivated land, the changes of land use in urban and rural residential areas. It points out that cultivated land is converted to residential area land, industrial and/or mining area land. The relationship between the urban area land and the cultivated land is more direct; meanwhile, the changes of rural residential area lag behind obviously. The decrease of the cultivated land and the decline of soil quality will be the two difficult problems in the process of urbanization.

The Constitution of Authority:the Past and Present of the Governance Order in Rural Areas

How should the rural governance order be reconstructed centered on the new authority elements after the collapse of traditional rural governance order with the core of family authority, gentry authority and regime? This is a major problem in the construction of new rural areas of contemporary China. This paper attempts to present a historical picture of the inversely proportional relationship between elements like regime, family authority, gentry authority, financial power, political power, civil rights, and so on, based on review of the change path of rural area governance order tracing back to traditional period, the period of the Republic of China, years before the founding of new China as well as period after reform and opening up. It is believed that"innovations"and"heritages"of traditions must be investigated in the transformation process for the rebuilding of a set of stable and reasonable governance order for rural areas, instead of cutting facts by a certain theory or design. In addition, the actual weight of every authority element in social structure and order in people’s mind should be faced up with, which should be integrated with"regulation"and"virtue".

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

Look from the empty nester problem of urban and rural dual structure of society

More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.

供给侧结构性改革促进了城乡基本公共服务均等化吗?

在区域发展不均衡的现实背景下,政府能否通过深化供给侧结构性改革提升基本公共服务供给水平,进而促进城乡基本公共服务均等化具有重要的现实意义。基于2010—2021年268个地级市面板数据,利用熵权法分别测度城市与农村基本公共服务供给水平,并引入信息熵概念计算得出均等化程度,据此进一步进行回归分析。研究结果表明:供给侧结构性改革对基本公共服务供给水平的提升具有促进作用,并且供给侧结构性改革通过提升公共服务财政支出水平与加强数字基础设施建设两条作用路径提升城乡基本公共服务均等化程度。此外,对西部和低均等化城市而言,供给侧结构性改革对城乡基本公共服务均等化程度的促进作用更加明显。研究的政策启示在于:实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的目标,仍需持续推进供给侧结构性改革,尤其需要发挥公共服务财政支出的调节作用,并进一步提升数字基础设施建设水平及其赋能功效;同时根据区域发展情况、均等化程度实施差异化供给策略,提升公共服务供给侧结构性改革的精准度和有效性。

隋唐·安得广厦千万间--漫步地震五千年(9)

隋唐时期的史载地震主要在关中地区,显现了秦岭南侧存在一条北西向的石泉—房县活动断裂带。地震活动和房屋抗震一直是社会关注的大事,以蓟县独乐寺为典型代表,重点介绍了唐代木结构建筑的抗震技术:地基坚固和均匀、木结构的隔震机制、筒体结构的强抗震性能、斗拱构件的阻尼系统,都对后世的技术发展产生了深刻影响。在现代建筑方面,介绍了地震区划的基本原则,分析了农村藏式民居的弱点和改进措施,讨论了城市建筑的3种抗震结构及今后的发展方向。

数字创新创业赋能城乡共同富裕的实证检验

文章基于2012—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,实证检验数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕的影响及作用机制。结果表明,数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕具有显著促进作用。异质性分析结果表明,相较于数字创新,数字创业对城乡共同富裕的促进效应更强;数字创新创业对城乡共同富裕的促进作用在西部、东北地区更加显著。作用机制检验结果表明,数字创新创业通过优化居民收入结构、提升技术创新能力,促进城乡共同富裕。因此,应激发乡村数字创新创业活力,促进城乡共同富裕;提升乡村企业技术创新水平,优化乡村居民收入结构;实施差异化发展策略,缩小城乡群体数字鸿沟。

数字新质生产力对城乡高质量融合的影响与机制

数字新质生产力能够深刻改变城市与农村生产及生活方式,对城乡高质量融合具有重要意义。基于2009—2022年我国30个省份(未含香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区及西藏地区)面板数据,利用固定效应模型、中介效应模型及门限效应模型,实证检验数字新质生产力对城乡高质量融合的影响和作用机制。研究发现,数字新质生产力能够显著促进城乡高质量融合、产业结构升级、公共服务均等化,特别是资源要素配置优化在数字新质生产力对城乡高质量融合的影响中起中介作用。数字新质生产力对城乡高质量融合的促进作用具有边际效应递增的非线性特征,产业结构升级、资源要素配置优化、公共服务均等化对这种非线性影响具有强化作用。数字新质生产力对城乡高质量融合的影响具有地区异质性,从线性影响看,在东部地区最强,在中部地区其次,在西部地区最弱;从非线性影响看,数字新质生产力的影响在东部和西部地区存在单一门限效应,在中部地区存在双重门限效应。为促进城乡高质量融合,应积极推动生产要素数字化转型,加快数字新质生产力形成;驱动产业结构升级,为城乡高质量融合提供动力;畅通资源要素流动渠道,优化资源要素配置;加强公共服务配套设施建设,助力公共服务均等化;结合地区特点,因地制宜培育数字新质生产力。

人口变化背景下我国城乡义务教育资源需求预测与规划

人口规模和结构的变化直接影响着教育资源供需形势的变化。准确把握学龄人口的变动状况,是合理规划城乡义务教育资源的重要前提。基于第七次人口普查数据源,运用CPPS人口预测工具系统,对2023—2035年我国城乡义务教育在校生数量进行预测发现,义务教育在校生数总体上呈现下降趋势,小学阶段在校生数的下降规模呈现出城市>县镇>农村的趋势,初中阶段在校生数下降规模则呈现县镇>城市>农村的趋势。在义务教育学龄人口变动影响下,2023—2035年义务教育资源需求变化主要集中在师资、教育经费以及校舍上。师资上,义务教育阶段师资需求总体呈下降的趋势,城市、县镇、农村小学阶段的师资需求将分别下降87.60、85.46、60.44万人,城市、县镇、农村初中阶段的师资需求将分别下降68.77、83.28、22.10万人;教育经费上,小学、初中阶段教育经费需求的涨幅分别为15.41%和5.96%;校舍上,城市、县镇小学仍有一定的缺口,农村小学、县镇和农村初中则将出现大量校舍闲置状况。基于此,可通过构建城乡义务教育资源跨周期调节机制、促进城乡教师队伍协调高质量发展、健全义务教育经费保障机制、分类科学合理规划利用闲置校舍等策略,应对人口变化给我国城乡义务教育带来的资源需求变动。

乡城流动老年人能动适应的运作机制与发展型城乡结构的形塑

运用“结构—行动”二重性的分析框架,从主位角度分析了乡城流动老年人的社会适应性,结果显示:乡城流动老年人对城市社会适应问题的应对会通过对经济结构中的机会获取、关系结构中的规则调适与意义结构中的空间进退来予以能动调适,其能动适应的实现离不开多重结构的支撑;发展型城乡结构与城乡融合的实现也离不开个体家庭的能动实践,后者主要包含家庭经济的合作主义、家庭结构的弹性与家庭伦理的韧性调适几个层面。在结构与行动的能动互塑下,乡城流动老年人的社会适应与发展型城乡结构之间实现了有机的嵌合,因而为保障城乡融合发展的渐进式韧性实现,应在政策上尊重乡城流动老年人的自主意愿与为他们在城乡间有主体性的两栖穿梭提供保护。

丝绸之路经济带核心区城乡融合发展的影响因素研究

作为“一带一路”建设的核心区、枢纽地带,新疆在推动城乡融合与对外开放方面有着至关重要的意义,同时对于促进当地经济社会发展具有深远影响。城乡融合是新时代下中国发展的重要战略方向,旨在实现城乡资源要素的共享和优势互补,城乡产业结构也逐渐向现代化、国际化的方向发展,实现城乡产业的互通和融合。本文测度并对地区层面面板实证检验城乡融合结果显示,目前新疆城乡融合水平较低但正稳步提升,地区差异较大且趋于缩小。对外开放稳健促进新疆城乡融合协调发展。

现代化产业体系与中国式农业农村现代化:影响机理与实证检验

构建现代化产业体系是加快实现实体经济高质量发展进程的重要战略任务,也是推动中国式农业农村现代化发展的重要途径。文章从理论层面探讨了现代化产业体系影响中国式农业农村现代化的机理,选用2011—2022年的中国省级面板数据,借助熵权TOPSIS法分别测度中国式农业农村现代化水平与现代化产业体系综合指数,并就二者关系展开实证检验。结果显示:现代化产业体系对中国式农业农村现代化具有显著正向影响,且这一结果通过了多种稳健性检验。调节机制检验结果显示,科技创新、市场化进程在现代化产业体系对中国式农业农村现代化的影响中发挥显著正向调节作用。异质性分析结果表明,现代化产业体系赋能中国式农业农村现代化的效果表现出“西部地区>中部地区>东北地区>东部地区”的分布格局。因此,应加快建设现代化产业体系、针对不同地区现代化产业体系科学施策、大力推动农业结构转型升级,以不断提升中国式农业农村现代化建设质量。

县域土地利用隐性转型对城乡融合发展的影响——基于城乡空间结构的中介效应视角

研究土地利用隐性转型对城乡融合发展的影响机制,对实现中国式现代化具有重要意义。本文基于2010-2021年江苏省县域面板数据,通过中介效应模型,实证研究城乡空间结构在土地利用隐性转型和城乡融合发展关系中的中介作用。研究表明,土地利用隐性转型能显著促进城乡融合发展,但其影响效应随时间推移而逐渐减弱,此外,农机化水平、交通网络密度、人口密度与人均社会消费品零售额能推动城乡融合发展,人均GDP、政府管控与经济外向度则表现为抑制作用;土地利用隐性转型对城乡融合发展的促进效应在三大区域存在差异,影响效应呈现“苏中>苏北>苏南”特征;土地利用隐性转型通过城乡空间结构演变,能够进一步促进城乡融合发展。健全土地利用隐性转型管控体系、优化城乡空间结构、强化区域差异化政策和健全城乡要素流通机制是推动城乡融合发展的重要路径。

数字经济发展对安徽省城乡居民消费结构的影响研究

数字经济发展影响了我国城乡居民的消费结构。以安徽省为例,基于回归模型和横向空间要素对安徽省城乡居民消费结构进行测度分析。根据2019-2022年安徽省城乡居民消费水平数据内容以及16个省辖市的区域面板数据,通过采用熵值赋权法进行构建分析,探讨数字经济发展对安徽省城乡居民消费结构的影响。结果表明:第一,数字经济发展能够缩短城乡居民的消费结构差距,因此各省市目前正加速推进数字经济建设的发展步调。第二,安徽省城乡居民消费结构受到数字经济发展的深远影响正在逐步转型,产业结构化的升级调整将对数字经济的可持续发展带来循环促进作用。第三,数字经济的发展要想更好地深度融合实体经济,需要结合安徽省城乡居民消费结构的特性,寻找数字化转型的新路径。

印度现代化进程中的城乡差别研究

工农互促、城乡互补是现代化建设的目标,印度现代化进程未能实现城乡融合发展,反而造成城乡差别日益扩大。本文梳理印度独立后工农业发展政策,分析造成印度现代化进程中城乡差别的政策原因、结构制约与政治影响。实际上,印度独立后,在工业与农业、城市化与乡村发展的关系方面发生过大量争论,在实践层面也经历了曲折与反复。印度的现代化进程没有从根本上改变印度的传统社会结构,各种工农业发展计划、惠民政策与民主实践,没能促进工农业协同进步与城乡融合发展。农村土地精英和富农阶级做大做强、阻碍农村农业现代化发展,城市地区贫富差距严重,难以实现以工促农、以城带乡的融合发展。

基于DeST-h模拟的苏州地区农村住房节能改造研究

文章选取苏州地区典型农村住房为研究对象,运用De ST-h软件进行节能改造研究。首先基于典型模型进行全年能耗模拟,再对三种不同的围护结构分别进行多种方案的改造模拟,对比节能性能最终得出优选方案,对苏州地区农村住房节能研究有一定参考价值。

数字经济赋能城乡多维融合的理论机制与实践方略

重塑城乡关系、深入推进城乡融合发展已经成为促进乡村振兴和农业农村现代化的重要举措。经济数字化转型作为驱动经济新动能集聚的核心要素能够为乡村建设提供内生动力,是城乡融合发展的重要战略方向。数字经济通过数字要素促进要素配置效率提升、数字产业驱动城乡产业结构优化、数字技术带动公共资源共享,为实现以城乡经济融合、社会融合以及空间融合为主的多维融合提供动力。现阶段,数据要素共享、数字基础设施完善、数字治理水平提高以及数字政策保障等有助于数字经济赋能城乡多维融合。为此,需要通过切实可行的实践方略引导,夯实数字经济在城乡发展之间的联结作用,探索赋能效力充分发挥的途径。

农村人力资本变迁与农业劳动生产率——中国城乡融合趋势下的实证分析

人力资本是实现农业农村现代化的必要条件。城乡融合加快了城乡间要素流动,也引起了农村人力资本结构的变化。虽然劳动力绝对数量在减少,但劳动力的教育水平、健康素质、获取信息能力及专业技能等在提升,农村人力资本从数量型向素质型、效率型、能力提升型转变。这种变化对中国农业劳动生产率产生了双重影响。实证结果发现:农业劳动力数量与农业劳动生产率水平之间存在显著的反向变化;教育通过直接和间接效应对农业劳动生产率增长产生正向作用;互联网、医疗保健支出、交通通信支出对农业劳动生产率增长存在正向推动作用,且有中介效应。内生性检验、稳健性检验进一步强化了实证结果。深化城乡融合可进一步优化农村人力资本结构,持续提升农业劳动生产率水平,从而加快实现农业现代化。