An Unprecedented Efficiency with Approaching 21%Enabled by Additive‑Assisted Layer‑by‑Layer Processing in Organic Solar Cells

Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.

National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services.In many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services.However,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services.Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services.We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data.Results:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(e.g.between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(e.g.for temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany.No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally.Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(e.g.decomposition or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(e.g.phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(e.g.potential nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions.However,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species.Conclusions:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services.The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the landscape level,when stands of complementary forest types are combined.These results imply that multi-purpose forestry should be based on a variety of forest types requiring coordinated planning across larger spatial scales.

Key Techniques for the Development of Web-Based PDM System

Some key techniques for the development of web-based product data management （PDM） system are introduced. The four-tiered B/S architecture of a PDM system-BITPDM is introduced first, followed by its design and implementation, including virtual data vault, flexible coding system, document management, product structure and configuration management, workflow/process and product maturity management. BITPDM can facilitate the activities from new product introduction phase to manufacturing, and manage the product data andtheir dynamic changing history. Based on Microsoft. NET, XML, web service and SOAP techniques, BITPDM realizes the integration and efficient management of product information.

Reflections on Research and Development Management Innovation in Huawei Enterprises

As an advanced global provider of information and communication technology solutions,Huawei has always maintained a leading position in the ICT field and is committed to achieving a future information society and building a better fully connected world.Looking at the rapid development of Huawei,it is inseparable from its comprehensive and advanced enterprise management innovation concept,which is also one of the main reasons for helping Huawei become a world-class enterprise.“Huawei has not succeeded,it is just growing”is a famous quote from Ren Zhengfei,the main founder and president of Huawei.In the context of the rapid development of the Internet industry and information technology,enterprises must establish the concept of innovative development,implement innovation management,and create a good production and development environment.This paper analyzes the content of Huawei’s enterprise management innovation,including Huawei’s management philosophy,management mode,management status quo,and management innovation suggestions,understands and grasps the choice of enterprise management mode,learns advanced enterprise management experience,and provides reference for other enterprises to practice innovation management.

基于SPO理论的医院抗菌药物管理体系应用探讨

“抗菌药物使用强度”是三级公立医院绩效考核核心指标之一。基于结构-过程-结果(SPO)理论构建抗菌药物管理体系,通过建章立制明确各方职责,科学制订用药规则,依托信息化高效整合抗菌药物事前、事中、事后管理,某院抗菌药物使用强度从2020年57.8DDDs下降到2022年31.1DDDs。SPO理论有助于抗菌药物全方位闭环管理,但需充分发挥临床药师专业价值和纽带作用。

城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系构建研究

目的:构建城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系,为规范和提高城市医疗集团整体的门诊质量提供循证管理依据。方法:以“结构-过程-结果”模型为理论框架,通过文献回顾形成初级指标池,采用德尔菲专家咨询法对20位专家开展两轮次函询,根据函询结果对指标体系进行修改完善。结果:两轮次函询问卷有效回收率100.0%,专家权威系数均大于0.75,KendallW协调系数为0.13~0.39,最终构建的城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系共包括3个一级指标、15个二级指标、46个三级指标。结论:本研究构建的城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系全面、科学、实用,为城市医疗集团门诊同质化管理、搭建连续性服务、医疗流程优化、质量考核评价提供循证依据。

数据产权法律构造论

在数字经济环境中,数据已成为一种新型生产要素,需要更好地挖掘和开发其经济价值。数据不同于传统有体物以及知识产权客体的特征和属性使其在法律制度构建和运行上也具有特殊性。数据产权制度是数据基础制度的核心内容,其应涵盖保护数据主体合法权益、协调和平衡数据利益关系、促进数据有序流动和分享、促进数据要素利益公平分配等内容。数据产权的法律构造旨在建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的数据动态流转和价值实现机制,最终服务于数字经济发展目标。

基于结构-过程-结果模型的医用耗材准入管理及效果分析

目的 评价结构-过程-结果模型在医院医用耗材准入管理中的应用与效果。方法 基于结构-过程-效果模型构建医院医用耗材准入管理体系,选取北京大学第一医院2020年7月—2022年12月准入的医用耗材作为研究对象,从组织结构、过程管理、结果评价三个维度对耗材准入通过率、耗占比、不良事件发生率、医疗纠纷发生率进行结果评价。结果 医用耗材准入管理体系实施后,耗材准入通过率提高(p<0.05);部分科室耗占比明显下降(p<0.05);不良事件发生率下降、未发生因耗材引发的医疗纠纷。结论 结构-过程-效果模型在医用耗材准入管理中取得明显效果,初步实现了耗材准入管理的科学性、规范性、有效性。

低排放区下新能源车购买使用意向形成过程分析

随着燃油车数量日益增多,空气污染也日益加剧,因此近年来管理部门开始设置对燃油车设置排放污染物限值,促进人们选择新能源汽车等绿色交通方式出行的区域,即低排放区。为了解低排放区下人们对于新能源汽车的购买使用意向,以燃油车通勤者为调查对象,基于自调整行为变化阶段模型将人们购买使用新能源汽车分为目标意向、行为意向、实施意向和意向形成4个阶段,并且基于各意向阶段提供促进购买使用意向提升的辅助干预措施。最终得到不同意向阶段的辅助干预措施需求度,建立了辅助措施干预前后两个低排放区下新能源汽车购买使用意向形成过程模型,得出提供辅助干预措施后,能够更好地解释低排放区下人们购买使用新能源汽车意向形成过程,同时分析了提供辅助干预措施前后影响人们各阶段意向的重要性因素变化。研究结果可为管理部门设置低排放区提供参考和建议。

数字孪生在空间结构生命周期管理中的应用与挑战

数字孪生是推动空间结构生命周期数字化、智能化管理的关键技术.为实现空间结构生命周期的智能管理,首先,分析数字孪生在“面向对象”和“面向过程”中的含义,给出基于数字孪生的空间结构生命周期管理新内涵;其次,分析空间结构在设计、建造和运维等结构生命周期管理各阶段的应用范式,以此建立数字孪生驱动的空间结构应用架构;最后,对数字孪生在空间结构生命周期管理应用中存在的挑战进行阐述和展望.研究表明,数字孪生是空间结构生命周期管理的技术保障,而高保真孪生体是实现数字孪生功能的重要前提.

公立医院一院多区管理的路径探析

单体多院区办院模式是公立医院探索高质量发展的重要渠道,本研究在系统梳理一院多区的概念、分类、发展脉络等内容后,参考SPO模型从结构、过程、结果三个维度全面剖析一院多区医院管理实践。样本医院通过在结构层面上设计适宜组织架构与统一资源管理,在过程层面上完善运行机制及关键要素管理路径,在结果层面上使一院多区形成了合理布局,破除了院区壁垒,达成医疗同质。同时,从高质量发展的“五个新”出发进行前瞻性分析,发现重点难点问题并给出针对性建议。

过程管理视角下能源结构的低碳建设水平诊断:基于中国36个重点城市的实证研究

全球气候变化正在深刻影响着人类的生存和发展,低碳城市建设迫在眉睫。城市能源结构低碳建设已成为当今国际社会面临的共同挑战,对于低碳城市建设的整体成效具有重大影响。文章基于过程管理视角构建了城市能源结构低碳建设水平诊断指标体系,以中国36个重点城市为样本,系统诊断了城市的能源结构低碳建设水平,剖析其存在的主要问题,并提出对策与建议。研究发现:(1)样本城市能源结构低碳建设水平总体得分不高,仍有很大的提升空间;(2)城市能源结构低碳建设在过程管理的5大环节上表现差异较大,总体呈现“重规划和实施,轻检查和反馈”的状况;(3)36个重点城市的能源结构低碳建设存在明显的空间异质性,东部沿海地区的城市能源结构低碳建设表现相对较好,而东北和西北内陆一些城市能源结构低碳建设的水平还有待提高。文章旨在丰富城市能源结构低碳建设水平诊断的理论基础,助力管理者明晰低碳建设的长处和短板,为提升能源结构低碳建设水平提供决策依据。

R-DSP中二级Cache控制器的优化设计

针对二级Cache控制器(L2)对于提升R数字信号处理器(R-DSP)访存效率和整体性能的重要作用,结合L2中涉及的内存安全维护和多请求访存仲裁问题,在现有R-DSP中L2基础上实现优化。首先,采用多重分块的存储组织结构,提高访存效率;其次,并行处理一级Cache控制器请求与外存请求,减小请求处理周期;最后,增加带宽管理与存储保护功能,合理仲裁访存请求并维护存储安全。实验结果表明,相较于传统设计,新设计在保护二级存储安全的同时实现带宽管理式访存仲裁。与现有R-DSP中的L2相比,新设计的存储体单拍最大可响应访存请求数量提升了1倍,一级请求和外存请求的平均处理时钟周期数分别降低了25%和19.6%。

结构-过程-结果理论指导下的多维质量管理在护理质量持续改进中的应用

目的探究结构-过程-结果理论指导下的多维质量管理在护理质量持续改进中的应用。方法选取2020年1月—2021年12月山东省第二人民医院护理人员23名为研究对象。2020年1—12月设为对照组,采用常规管理方法,2021年1—12月设为观察组,采用结构-过程-结果理论指导下的多维质量管理法。分析工作质量、护理人员综合能力、护理人员满意度、专业技术掌握情况及差错事件发生率。结果观察组工作质量评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组护理人员综合能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组护理人员满意度为100.00%(23/23),高于对照组的73.91%(17/23),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.792,P<0.05);观察组护理人员专业技术掌握情况较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在护理质量持续改进中实施结构-过程-结果理论指导下的多维质量管理法效果显著。

基于BIM的机场航站楼二次结构施工深化流程与协同管理

随着BIM在工程领域的广泛应用,建筑行业势必会迎来新一轮的技术革新和管理升级。本文以重庆江北国际机场T3B航站楼项目为基础,对BIM在二次结构施工深化流程及协同管理的应用开展深入研究,包括模型维护、深化出图以及指导施工过程中的技术要点和管理方法,并制定相应的协调机制和措施,确保BIM深化成果能够有效指导现场施工。此外,本文总结了二次结构施工深化工作流程、协同管理和应用成果,最终解决了二次结构BIM深化设计中重难点问题,进一步提高了工程质量,缩短了建筑施工工期,节约了施工成本。本项目所应用的技术手段、管理方法和取得的数据、经验,为其它同类项目的二次结构施工起到参考借鉴作用。

工程机械外观耐久性提升工艺研究应用

简要论述了工程机械产品外观耐久性提升工艺研究的重要性,分析了产品车外观质量现状,并重点结合实际经验,以起重机产品为例,从结构防腐设计规范、涂装工艺改进、表面处理工艺研究应用、入库防护工艺优化、质量管理体系搭建5个方面,论述了工程机械产品车外观防腐蚀性能提升的工艺研究方法与质量管理方案。

基于SPO模型构建PIVAS输液安全管理体系研究

目的 探讨结构-过程-结果 (structure-process-outcome, SPO)模型在静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)输液安全管理体系中的作用。方法 基于SPO模型的基础上结合医疗失效模式与效应分析(HFMEA)方法,对PIVAS输液安全体系进行研究,制定并实施有效防范措施,对改进前后数据进行分析。结果 PIVAS输液安全提高,差错率下降明显。结论 基于SPO模型构建PIVAS输液安全管理体系,能够降低PIVAS成品输液安全管理中的不合格率,确保患儿静脉输液安全。

An Intelligent Graph Edit Distance-Based Approach for Finding Business Process Similarities

There are numerous application areas of computing similarity between process models.It includes finding similar models from a repository,controlling redundancy of process models,and finding corresponding activities between a pair of process models.The similarity between two process models is computed based on their similarity between labels,structures,and execution behaviors.Several attempts have been made to develop similarity techniques between activity labels,as well as their execution behavior.However,a notable problem with the process model similarity is that two process models can also be similar if there is a structural variation between them.However,neither a benchmark dataset exists for the structural similarity between process models nor there exist an effective technique to compute structural similarity.To that end,we have developed a large collection of process models in which structural changes are handcrafted while preserving the semantics of the models.Furthermore,we have used a machine learning-based approach to compute the similarity between a pair of process models having structural and label differences.Finally,we have evaluated the proposed approach using our generated collection of process models.

Construction and Development of China’s Earthquake Information Release System

Focused on the current situation,monitoring system,technical management regulation,process,system composition,and information publication of the earthquake information release,we summarized the construction and development of China’s earthquake information release system and expected its future.In general,China’s earthquake information release systems is able to publish auto-results with MS≥3.0 from 1 to 3 minutes,M_S≥6.0 in global from 2 to 30 minutes,and formal results with MS≥3.0 in China from 8 to 30 minutes,MS≥6.0 in global from 20 to 60 minutes.These earthquake information is released by various channels such as short message,website,microblog,mobile application,etc.

Digital Twins for Engineering Asset Management:Synthesis,Analytical Framework,and Future Directions

Effective engineering asset management(EAM)is critical to economic development and improving livability in society,but its complexity often impedes optimal asset functionalities.Digital twins(DTs)could revolutionize the EAM paradigm by bidirectionally linking the physical and digital worlds in real time.There is great industrial and academic interest in DTs for EAM.However,previous review studies have predominately focused on technical aspects using limited life-cycle perspectives,failing to holistically synthesize DTs for EAM from the managerial point of view.Based on a systematic literature review,we introduce an analytical framework for describing DTs for EAM,which encompasses three levels:DT 1.0 for technical EAM,DT 2.0 for technical-human EAM,and DT 3.0 for technical-environmental EAM.Using this framework,we identify what is known,what is unknown,and future directions at each level.DT 1.0 addresses issues of asset quality,progress,and cost management,generating technical value.It lacks multi-objective self-adaptive EAM,however,and suffers from high application cost.It is imperative to enable closed-loop EAM in order to provide various functional services with affordable DT 1.0.DT 2.0 accommodates issues of human-machine symbiosis,safety,and flexibility management,generating managerial value beyond the technical performance improvement of engineering assets.However,DT 2.0 currently lacks the automation and security of human-machine interactions and the managerial value related to humans is not prominent enough.Future research needs to align technical and managerial value with highly automated and secure DT 2.0.DT 3.0 covers issues of participatory governance,organization management,sustainable development,and resilience enhancement,generating macro social value.Yet it suffers from organizational fragmentation and can only address limited social governance issues.Numerous research opportunities exist to coordinate different stakeholders.Similarly,future research opportunities exist to develop DT 3.0 in a more open and complex system.