Analysis of the Protein Structure and Function of HpaG_(Xoo)

[Objective] The study was to analyze the structure and function of HpaGXoo and the relationship between the two.[Method] Some related bioinformatics analysis software on internet such as NPSA,Swiss-Model,SAPS and InterPro Scan were adopted to analyze the structure and predict its function.[Result] HpaGXoo consists of 139 amino acids,and has many alpha-helical and coiled structure,no signal peptide on N-terminal and no transmembrane structure.It locates in bacterial cytoplasm.[Conclusion] The study will lay ...

Analysis on Apple Tree Structures by Free Spindle Pruning Mode

To determine the correlation between the stem taperingness and central shaft by free spindle pruning mode on different apple cultivars, the central shaft growth data of three cultivars of free spindle short shoot ＂Fuji＂, free spindle long shoot ＂Fuji＂, free spindle ＂Huaguan＂ were investigated in Xingtang County of Hebei Province by SPSS analysis. The results showed that the stem taperingness on free spindle short shoot ＂Fuji＂ was in negative correlation with central shaft, but the correlation was not significant. While the stem taperingness on free spindle long shoot ＂Fuji＂ was in positive correlation with central shaft, but the correlation was not significant either. The stern taperingness on free spindle ＂Huaguan＂ was in negative correlation with central shaft, and the correlation between the stem taperingness and the central shaft total length was significant at the level of 0.01. The results.provided scientific theoretical basis for guiding the dwarfing rootstocks close planting apple tree pruning technology.

Suboptimal Rayleigh damping coefficients in seismic analysis of viscously-damped structures

An optimization method for the consistent evaluation of two Rayleigh damping coefficients is proposed. By minimizing an objective function such as an error term of the peak displacement of a structure, the two coefficients can be determined with response spectral analysis. The optimization method degenerates into the conventional method used in current practices when only two modes of vibration are included in the objective function. Therefore, the proposed method with all significant modes included for simplicity in practical applications results in suboptimal damping coefficients. The effects of both spatial distribution and frequency content of excitations as well as structural dynamic characteristics on the evaluation of Rayleigh damping coefficients were investigated with a five-story building structure. Two application examples with a 62-story high-rise building and a 840 m long cable-stayed bridge under ten earthquake excitations demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method to account for all of the above effects.

Structural Analysis of Water-soluble Polysaccharide PIP_1 Extracted from the Cultured Mycelium of Phellinus igniarius

Water-soluble crude polyseccharide（PIP） was extracted from cultured mycelium of the fungus Phellinus igniarius. After ethanol precipitation and sepharose CL-6B gel filtration, the fraction of PIP1 was obtained, which was shown to be a homogeneous polysaccharide by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of PIPt was determined by using several methods. C.,C analysis indicates that PIP1 is composed of the monosaccharides of glucose, galactose, and mannose. Their malar ratio is 3. 70： 4. 06： 1.00. The molar weight was estimated to be 17 kd via HPLC. IR, GC, partial hydrolysis with acid, pefiedate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation, and GC-MS analysis were used for the structural analyses of PIP1. The results show that PIP1 has a small quantity of branch structure, The main glycosidic linkage of PIP1 has a β-configurafion. The main chain is made up of a large mass of glucose （ 1→3 ） and few mannose （ 1→4 ） ; the side chain is composed of glucose （ 1 →3 ） and galactose （ 1→6 ） ; the nonreduced end is composed of galactose and glucose. The side chains are branched at 6-0 of glucose（ 1→3,6） and mannose（1→4,6）. On an average, there are three branches among 20 residues. It is presumable that the existence of 1,3-linked Glc in the main and side chains is the main reason for its higher antitumor activity.

Evaluation on Spot Weld Models in Structural Dynamic Analysis of Automotive Body in White

Spot weld models are widely used in finite element analysis（FEA） of automotive body in white（BIW） to predict static,dynamic,durability and other characteristics of automotive BIW.However,few researches are done on evaluation of the validity of these spot weld models in structural dynamic analysis of BIW.To evaluate the validity and accuracy of spot weld models in structural dynamic analysis of BIW,two object functions,error function and deviation function,are introduced innovatively.Modal analysis of Two-panel and Double-hat structures,which are the dominated structures in BIW,is conducted,and the values of these two object functions are obtained.Based on the values of object functions,the validity of these spot weld models are evaluated.It is found that the area contact method（ACM2） and weld element connection（CWELD） can give more precise prediction in modal analysis of these two classical structures,thus are more applicable to structural dynamic analysis of automotive BIW.Modal analysis of a classical BIW is performed,which further confirms this evaluation.The error function and deviation function proposed in this research can give guidance on the adaptability of spot weld models in structural dynamic analysis of BIW.And this evaluation method can also be adopted in evaluation of other finite element models in static,dynamic and other kinds of analysis for automotive structures.

In-situ structural evolution analysis of Zr-doped Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3) coated by N-doped carbon layer as high-performance cathode for sodium-ion batteries

With great superiorities in energy density,rate capability and structural stability,Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)(NVPF)has attracted much attentions as cathode of sodium ion battery(SIB),but it also faces challenges on its poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and the controversial de/sodiation mechanism.Herein,a series of Zr-doped NVPF coated by N-doped carbon layer(~5 nm in thickness,homogenously)materials are fabricated by a sol-gel method,and the optimized heteroatom-doping amounts of Zr and N doping improve intrinsic properties on enlarging lattice distance and enhancing electronic conductivity,respectively.Specifically,among all samples of Na_(3) V_(2-x)Zr_(x)(PO_(4))_(2) F_(3)/NC(NVPF-Zr-x/NC,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05,and 0.1),the optimized electrode of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC delivers high reversible capacities(119.2 mAh g^(-1) at0.5 C),superior rate capability(98.1 mA h g^(-1) at 20 C)and excellent cycling performance.The structural evolution of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC electrode,in-situ monitored by X-ray diffractometer,follows a step-wise Na-extraction/intercalation mechanism with reversible multi-phase changes,not just a solid-solutionreaction one.Full cells of NVPF-Zr-0.02/NC//hard carbon demonstrate high capacity(99.8 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5 C),high out-put voltage(3.5 V)and good cycling stability.This work is favorable to accelerate the development of high-performance cathode materials and explore possible redox reaction mechanisms of SIBs.

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of 161 broccoli cultivars based on SNP markers

To better understand the genetic diversity and population structure of broccoli cultivars planted in China,a total of 161 representative broccoli cultivars in the past 25 years were collected and analysed based on single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.Ten pairs of primers with good polymorphism and high resolution were screened from 315 pairs of SNP primers by 3 broccoli accessions(inbred lines)with different phenotypes and maturity.The 10 pairs of SNP primers were selected,producing 78 alleles.The diversity analysis indicated that the polymorphism information content(PIC)of SNP primer ranged from 0.64 to 0.90.The observed number of alleles(Na)was 2.00,the effective number of alleles(Ne)was 1.11–2.00,the Nei’s gene diversity(H)was 0.10–0.50,and Shannon information index(I)was 0.20–0.70 using PopGene32 software.The clustering results showed that the 161 broccoli cultivars could be divided into 4 major subgroups(A,B,C and D),foreign cultivars were all assigned to subgroup A,and domestic cultivars were assigned to 3 subgroups of B,C,and D.This study indicated that some domestic cultivars and foreign cultivars were similar in genetic background,but most domestic cultivars were still different from the Japanese cultivars.When K=2,the population structure result presented that 161 broccoli cultivars could be divided into 1 simple group(2 groups)and 1 mixed group.When Q≥0.6,143(88.82%)broccoli cultivars belonged to the simple groups.In simple groups 68(42.24%)broccoli cultivars of group 1 were derived from Japan,the United States,Switzerland,the Netherlands,China-Taiwan,and China-Mainland;75(46.58%)broccoli cultivars belonged to group 2;when Q<0.6,18(11.18%)broccoli cultivars belonged to the mixed groups.This study is helpful to understand the diversity and resolution of broccoli cultivars from worldwide,which is beneficial to plant breeding and materials innovation.And meanwhile,this result is also used for construction of broccoli fingerprint serving for cultivar identification.

LOCAL FLEXIBILITY BEHAVIOR OF TUBULAR JOINTS AND ITS EFFECT ON GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF TUBULAR STRUCTURES

In the tubular frames with simple joints, the joints may show considerable local flexibility, which causes excessive deformation and affects internal force distributions. It is useful and important to study turbular joint flexibility as well as the effect of joint local flexibility on the global behavior of tubular structure for the design and building of offshore platforms. A new method for computing the stiffness coefficients of simple tubular joints is developed in this paper based on two previous computing models. According to this method, the local flexibility of T, Y, TY tubular joints are computed. This method has merits of clear physical sense, simplicity of computations and less c.p.u. time. The effect of flexibility of tubular joints on the global behavior of framed tubular structures is investigated by comparing the computed results of tubular structures with flexible tubular joints with those with rigid connections. The comparison shows that the consideration of local flexibility of tubular joints and its effect on the stress analysis of offshore structures has its practical significance.

Purification and Structural Analysis of a Selective Toxin Fraction Produced by the Plant Pathogen Setosphaeria turcica

Thirteen fractions from the pathogenic plant fungus Setosphaeria turcica race 1 were separated and collected using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Their toxic activities were assayed through leaf puncturing on corn differentials （OH43, OH43Ht1, OH43Ht2, and OH43HtN）, and the results revealed that eight fractions were toxic and fraction 6 was specifically toxic to OH43Ht1, which could be taken as a gene-selective toxin fraction. Fraction 6 was finely purified via HPLC and condensed by freeze desiccation. Its chemical structure was analyzed with EI-MS, IR, HMBC, ^1H-NMR, and two-dimensional NMR. The results suggested that fraction 6 contained an unsaturated double bond, carbonyl and methylene groups with molecular weight of 142.

Structure Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome in Cultivation Variety ‘Rongfu’

In this report,complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Laminaria cultivation variety 'Rongfu' were obtained.The results showed the length of circular molecule of mtDNA was 37 638 bp(64.7% A+T),encoding three rRNAs(23S,16S and 5S),25 tRNAs,35 known mitochondrial proteins and 3 ORFs.Sequence alignment indicated its mtDNA genome was very similar to that of Laminaria japonica.Phylogenetic trees inferred from concatenated 30 mitochondrial genes showed that 'Rongfu',Laminaria japon-ica,Laminaria longipedalis,Laminaria diabolica,Laminaria religiosa and Laminaria ochotensis clustered together.In addition,compared with mitochondrial genome of L.japonica,'Rongfu' mtDNA lacked a non-coding region of 19 nucleotides,which was located between rRNA small subunit gene 3(rps3)and rRNA small subunit gene 9(rps9).Seven cultivation varieties of China were divided into two groups based on this non-coding region which was absent in 'Rongfu','Fujian' and 'Sanhai' while present in 'Ailunwan','Dongfang No.2','Dongfang No.3' and 'Zaohoucheng'.So this variation can be used in germplasm identification of cultivation variety.

Dynamic Finite Element Analysis for Interaction between Two Phase Saturated Soil Foundation and Platform

In this paper, the foundation soil of offshore structure is simulated as a two phase saturated porous medium. The dynamic equations of porous medium and finite element formulation are given. For structural analysis, the technique of multilevel substructure is used, and the saturated soil analysis is set in the highest level substructure model. Based on these theories a dynamic finite element analysis program DIASS for the analysis of interaction between two phase ocean soil foundation and platform structures has been developed. A numerical example is given here to illustrate the influence of the pore water in soil on the structural response of an ocean platform.

Initial Pre-stress Finding and Structural Behaviors Analysis of Cable Net Based on Linear Adjustment Theory

The tensile cable-strut structure is a self-equilibrate pre-stressed system.The initial pre-stress cal- culation is the fundamental structural analysis.A new numerical procedure was developed.The force density method is the cornerstone of analytical formula,and then introduced into linear adjustment theory;the least square least norm solution,the optimized initial pre-stress,is yielded.The initial pre-stress and structural performances of a particular single-layer saddle-shaped cable-net structure were analyzed with the developed method,which is proved to be efficient and correct.The modal analyses were performed with respect to various pre-stress levels.Finally,the structural performances were investigated comprehensively.

A process-level hierarchical structural decomposition analysis (SDA) of energy consumption in an integrated steel plant

A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013. By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method, a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained. The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model. The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption. The technical improvements of blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption. A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast furnace are important for further energy saving. Besides the empirical results, this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.

Early Cretaceous Thrust and Nappe Tectonics in North Qilian Shan,Northern Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from Field Mapping,Geochronology,and Deep Structural Analysis

The North Qilian Shan fold and thrust belt,located at the northern Tibetan Plateau and southern margin of the Hexi Corridor,is a key tectonic unit to decode the formation and expansion of the plateau.Previous studies emphasize the Cenozoic deformation due to the far-field response to the Indo-Asian collision,but the Mesozoic deformations are poorly constrained in this area.We conducted detailed field mapping,structural analysis,geochronology,and structural interpretation of deep seismic reflectional profiling and magnetotelluric(MT)sounding,to address the superposed results of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation.The results recognized the North Qilian thrust and nappe system(NQTS),the root and the frontal belt are the North Qilian thrust(NQT),and the Yumu Shan klippe(YK),respectively.The middle belt is located between the NQT and the YK.Monzonitic granite zircon U-Pb dating from the middle belt yields an age of ca.415 Ma,which is similar to south NQT.The thrusting displacement is estimated at ca.48 km by structural interpretation of deep profiles.The timing is constrained in the early stage of the Early Cretaceous by the formation of simultaneous growth strata.We suggest that the NQTS has resulted from the far-field effect of the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and the Yumu Shan is uplifted by the superposed Cenozoic deformation.

The structural analysis of protein sequences based on the quasi-amino acids code

Proteomics is the study of proteins and their interactions in a cell. With the successful completion of the Human Cenome Project, it comes the postgenome era when the proteomics technology is emerging. This paper studies protein molecule from the algebraic point of view. The algebraic system （∑, ＋, ＊） is introduced, where ∑ is the set of 64 codons. According to the characteristics of （∑, ＋, ＊）, a novel quasi-amino acids code classification method is introduced and the corresponding algebraic operation table over the set ZU of the 16 kinds of quasi-amino acids is established. The internal relation is revealed about quasi-amino acids. The results show that there exist some very close correlations between the properties of the quasi-amino acids and the codon. All these correlation relationships may play an important part in establishing the logic relationship between codons and the quasi-amino acids during the course of life origination. According to Ma F et al （2003 J. Anhui Agricultural University 30 439）, the corresponding relation and the excellent properties about amino acids code are very difficult to observe. The present paper shows that （ZU, ＋,×） is a field. Furthermore, the operational results display that the eodon tga has different property from other stop codons. In fact, in the mitochondrion from human and ox genomic codon, tga is just tryptophane, is not the stop codon like in other genetic code, it is the case of the Chen W C et al （2002 Acta Biophysiea Siniea 18（1） 87）. The present theory avoids some inexplicable events of the 20 kinds of amino acids code, in other words it solves the problem of ＇the 64 codon assignments of mRNA to amino acids is probably completely wrong＇ proposed by Yang （2006 Progress in Modern Biomedicine 6 3）.

Hydraulic calculation and dynamic analysis of columnar reversing gate

According to the hydraulic calculation principles of the orifice outflow, the discharge capacity of the columnar reversing gate under the partial opening condition was calculated and checked. Using ANSYS, a large finite element analysis software, the discharge process was simulated. The distribution rule of the velocities in the gate chamber and downstream channel was obtained. An FEM model of the columnar reversing gate was built, and the natural vibration properties of the gate were analyzed. Based on the Westergaard added mass method, the added mass caused by the fluid-structure coupling motion was taken into account, and the effects of the coupling interaction were discussed. The results show that the size of the small gates meets the demand for discharge capacity, the current in the gate chamber is quite turbulent, the trunnion and arms are obviously impacted by flow, and the effects of water on vibration characteristics are remarkable. The study provides a reference for the design and calculation of gates of the same type.

APPLICATION OF DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION IN ACOUSTIC AND STRUCTURAL ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS

Conventional element based methods for modeling acoustic problems are limited to low-frequency applications due to the huge computational efforts. For high-frequency applications, probabilistic techniques, such as statistical energy analysis （SEA）, are used. For mid-frequency range, currently no adequate and mature simulation methods exist. Recently, wave based method has been developed which is based on the indirect TREFFTZ approach and has shown to be able to tackle problems in the mid-frequency range. In contrast with the element based methods, no discretization is required. A sufficient, but not necessary, condition for convergence of this method is that the acoustic problem domain is convex. Non-convex domains have to be partitioned into a number of （convex） subdomains. At the interfaces between subdomains, specific coupling conditions have to be imposed. The considered two-dimensional coupled vibro-acoustic problem illustrates the beneficial convergence rate of the proposed wave based prediction technique with high accuracy. The results show the new technique can be applied up to much higher frequencies.

THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.

3D stability analysis method of concave slope based on the Bishop method

In order to study the stability control mechanism of a concave slope with circular landslide, and remove the influence of differences in shape on slope stability, the limit analysis method of a simplified Bishop method was employed. The sliding body was divided into strips in a three-dimensional model, and the lateral earth pressure was put into mechanical analysis and the three-dimensional stability analysis methods applicable for circular sliding in concave slope were deduced. Based on geometric structure and the geological parameters of a concave slope, the influence rule of curvature radius and the top and bottom arch height on the concave slope stability were analyzed. The results show that the stability coefficient decreases after growth, first in the transition stage of slope shape from flat to concave, and it has been confirmed that there is a best size to make the slope stability factor reach a maximum. By contrast with average slope, the stability of a concave slope features a smaller range of ascension with slope height increase, which indicates that the enhancing effect of a concave slope is apparent only with lower slope heights.

The Structural Design and Analysis of Pallet in ITER Transfer Cask for Remote Handling Operations

Necessary adjustment ranges and accuracies of the pallet for ITER are presented. Detailed structural designs and structural finite element analyses for pallet components are made to determine whether the results satisfy the requirements of the pallet structure to be used in ITER.