The Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Sexual Awareness and Cognitive Social Capital among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.

Prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence among private college female students in Bahir Dar city, North Western Ethiopia

Background: Despite the higher risk victimization of young women in Ethiopia, the prevalence of sexual violence and its determinants among college students were scarce, particularly in the study area. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence among female private college students in Bahir Dar city. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2012 among 541 female college students in Bahir Dar city using multistage sampling technique. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 16 soft ware package. Result: The study revealed that the prevalence of sexual violence among female college students was 37.3%. Respondents whose childhood background from rural areas were more than four times likely to have had sexual violence (AOR = 4.51, 95%CI: 1.67 - 12.16). The odds of sexual violence were higher for those respondents who had a close friend who drank alcohol (AOR = 3.13, 95%CI: 1.09 - 8.97). Besides, respondents who had never discussed on reproductive health issues with their parents were more than four times likely to have had sexual violence (AOR = 4.36, 95%CI: 1.40 -13.56). Conclusion: This study shows that sexual violence among female college students is higher. Sexual violence is associated with certain variables such as rural childhood residence, having a close friend who drank alcohol, and not discussing reproductive issues with parents. Therefore, it is recommend ed that sexual violence needs due attention and remedial action from policy makers, college officials, parents, students and other concerned bodies.

Relationship between Breakfast and Academic Performance of Primary and Middle School Students in Mianyang City

In order to understand the relationship between breakfast frequency and academic performance of grade 5 and grade 8 students, we conducted an investigation through a multistage cluster sampling design with 16,840 students (8017 5th graders and 8823 8th graders) from Mianyang city. Results show that: 1) 71.3% of fifth graders and 59.7% of eighth graders had breakfast every day of the week, and 9.7% of fifth graders and 7.5% of eighth graders had breakfast three times or less per week. 2) The number of times students eat breakfast per week has a significant impact on their comprehensive academic performance, which is reflected in the trend that the more times students eat breakfast, the better their overall academic performance is. Based on this, in order to help students eat breakfast more often, and further improve students’ academic performance, we will strengthen the publicity and education of students’ breakfast knowledge from multiple perspectives.

Public Diplomacy and Beijing City Image Research From Major International Sporting Events Perspective

This paper focuses on Beijing as the host city for the major international sporting events and its influence on the city image building of Beijing. Major international sporting events are the key channels for the exchange and dissemination of information among athletes from various countries, media coverages, national and international audiences which involves interpersonal communication, organizational communication, and mass communication at all levels. At the same time, the volunteers, especially young volunteers （mostly college student volunteers） considered as the Beijing city spokesperson and also as a group of ＂public diplomacy ambassadors＂, transfer positive energy in international communication during major international sporting events. Therefore, major international sporting events held in Beijing play an irreplaceable role in the image building of the capital city of China, Beijing.

Tea Art Education for Elementary School Students in Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province in China——A Case of Caihe Second Elementary School

Caihe Second Elementary School,a public school in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province in China,has shown excellent performance at practicing tea art education for students as a part of after-school activities it encourages.In this paper,the author figured out significance of tea art in Chinese society by discussing " why elementary students learn Chinese tea art" through observation on tea art education at Caihe Second Elementary School and interview with persons involved.

Cities and Country Today-Full of Colorful Life

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A Novel Fusion System Based on Iris and Ear Biometrics for E-exams

With the rapid spread of the coronavirus epidemic all over the world,educational and other institutions are heading towards digitization.In the era of digitization,identifying educational e-platform users using ear and iris based multi-modal biometric systems constitutes an urgent and interesting research topic to pre-serve enterprise security,particularly with wearing a face mask as a precaution against the new coronavirus epidemic.This study proposes a multimodal system based on ear and iris biometrics at the feature fusion level to identify students in electronic examinations(E-exams)during the COVID-19 pandemic.The proposed system comprises four steps.Thefirst step is image preprocessing,which includes enhancing,segmenting,and extracting the regions of interest.The second step is feature extraction,where the Haralick texture and shape methods are used to extract the features of ear images,whereas Tamura texture and color histogram methods are used to extract the features of iris images.The third step is feature fusion,where the extracted features of the ear and iris images are combined into one sequential fused vector.The fourth step is the matching,which is executed using the City Block Dis-tance(CTB)for student identification.Thefindings of the study indicate that the system’s recognition accuracy is 97%,with a 2%False Acceptance Rate(FAR),a 4%False Rejection Rate(FRR),a 94%Correct Recognition Rate(CRR),and a 96%Genuine Acceptance Rate(GAR).In addition,the proposed recognition sys-tem achieved higher accuracy than other related systems.

国别化中文教育视角下教师课堂教学研究

国际中文课堂教学效果与学习者的二语交际意愿密切相关。本文以国别化视角考察教师因素对日本学生汉语课堂交际意愿的影响。整体而言,教师的内在品质、课堂反馈和课堂管理三个维度的具体表现是影响日本学生交际意愿的主要因素。日本学生整体与不同群体以及不同群体之间对具体教师行为的感知反应呈现出差异性,不同语言环境、性别和学习时长的日本学生对影响其交际意愿的教师因素接受度也不同。

面向教育强国建设的博士生教育:成效、问题与举措

博士生教育是国民教育的最高端,全面提升博士生自主培养质量是建设教育强国的关键支撑。面对加快建设教育强国的战略部署和高等教育的龙头作用,我国博士生培养在规模结构和整体质量、管理评价机制、导师队伍建设、资源配置优化、国外优秀生源吸引力等方面还存在一些突出问题。面向教育强国建设,加快推动博士生培养高质量发展,宜稳步扩大博士培养规模,推动博士生教育提质增效;深化管理体制机制和评价改革,激发博士生人才队伍创新活力;加强导师职责岗位管理,打造一流博士生导师队伍;强化优质资源协同配置,促进科教融汇、产教融合;全面提高博士生自主培养能力,加快建立人才资源竞争优势。

交通强国战略下交通院校建筑类研究生特色化培养机制研究

交通强国战略导向下,交通院校应适应国家经济社会建设发展需要,充分发挥学校的办学优势,进行建筑类研究生特色化培养,以满足我国交通建设的高素质国际化人才需求。对国内8所交通特色院校建筑类研究生的培养方案进行调研发现,理论课程及设计实习均较少涉及对交通建设问题的探索,国际教育受限于学制和学籍管理而系统性和特色性不强,研究及实践未结合交通建设的前沿问题而创新性不足。因此,结合研究生高质量培养和交通强国战略的要求,在对国内外相关研究进行深入剖析的基础上,提出交通院校建筑类研究生特色化培养机制:建立多学科交叉、理论联合实际的研究生课程体系;建立政产学研协同育人的研究生培养机制;坚持“引进来”和“走出去”并重的国际联合培养机制。这对我国交通院校建筑类研究生特色化培养具有重要意义。

创新型城市试点对企业数字化转型的政策效应及其传导机制——基于双重差分方法的准自然实验

创新型城市试点政策是中国建设创新型国家的战略部署,但目前基于微观企业层面、采取定量方法对其是否以及如何影响企业数字化战略选择的相关研究缺乏。在数字经济时代下,为给中国进一步推动企业利用制度优势实现数字化转型提供经验证据,从制度层面的视角,以微观企业数字化转型为研究对象,利用Python软件对2004—2020年中国上市企业年报关键词进行文本挖掘,构建企业数字化转型评价指标,运用多时点的双重差分(DID)模型考察创新型城市试点对企业数字化转型的政策效应及其作用机制。结果发现,相较于非试点城市,试点城市内的企业更加易于开展数字化转型,且这一政策效果在非国有企业、资本密集型行业的企业以及技术密集型行业的企业中更为显著;而且,创新型城市试点能够通过缓解企业融资约束、促进科技人才集聚和优化创新环境(硬环境和软环境)对企业数字化转型产生影响。据此,提出进一步总结创新型城市试点建设的经验、因企制宜地采用差别化的激励扶持政策,以及重视资金、人才、新型基础设施建设和知识产权保护等政策传导渠道等相关政策建议。

县级城市全域数字化转型探讨

县级城市的全域数字化转型时代即将到来。作为传统城乡二元结构的交汇点,县级城市在治理模式、产业结构和社会形态上具有独特性、多样性和复杂性。随着智慧城市进入以数据智能为特征的新发展阶段,县级城市数字空间的算力、数据和智能,将为县级城市物理空间的政治、经济、社会、文化和生态文明建设带来全域数字化转型。

未来30年城市中等职业教育生源趋势及应对策略——以广州市为例

高度城市化的背后,我国生育率持续走低,进入“人口负增长”时代。在国家统筹推进职业教育与普通教育协调发展的背景下,是否有足够的生源来支撑城市中等职业教育发展?文章以广州市为例,基于历年来官方公布的活产婴儿数及2020年第七次人口普查数据,预测未来30年城市中等职业教育生源变动趋势。结果显示:2023—2036年广州市高中阶段生源存在一定的波动,但对中等职业生源影响不大,然而由于2022年及以后出生人口逐年下降,2036年开始城市中等职业学校的生源或将出现萎缩。为确保城市中等职业教育持续发展,需要科学掌握高中阶段学龄人口变动趋势,做好普职分流规划;完善中高职衔接培养体系,积极推进普职融通;增强城市中职教育的适应性与吸引力。

大学生暑期“三下乡”社会实践育人功能的实现路径探析

暑期“三下乡”社会实践作为高校大学生社会实践的重要内容和渠道,依托共青团组织,在实践育人过程中发挥着重要作用。当前暑期“三下乡”社会实践在政府支持、学生参与、活动形式、经费保障等方面存在一定的不足和困境,应该通过加强宣传引导、第二课堂管理、链接专业资源、建立长效机制、加大资金投入、培育特色项目等方式推进实践的组织开展。高校大学生可以通过实践将所学得以运用,助力乡村振兴,增强社会责任感,展现青年的价值与担当,培养艰苦奋斗的优良品质,从而充分发挥社会实践的育人功能。

珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平监测情况分析

目的 通过监测珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平,提出成人、青少年麻疹、风疹疫苗接种建议,为卫生健康部门、口岸卫生检疫部门进一步强化麻疹、风疹防控工作提供科学依据。方法 整理珠海市2021年6月至2023年1月期间出国留学人员麻疹、风疹预防接种状况,检测该人群血清样本麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平,统计分析出国留学人员麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体总体状况及不同组别人群麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平差异。结果 314名调查对象中,麻疹、风疹IgG抗体总阳性率分别为69.11%、63.38%。15岁及以下、16~20岁、21~25岁、26~30岁、31~35岁、36岁及以上麻疹抗体阳性率分别为83.33%、72.84%、68.42%、66.67%、78.57%、50.00%,风疹抗体阳性率分别为66.67%、66.67%、61.40%、70.83%、57.14%、61.11%;不同性别之间麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄分组人员在麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率方面差异较小,无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同分属地人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 珠海地区留学人员麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率总体超过60%,36岁以上人群阳性率偏低,成年人可考虑加强接种麻腮风疫苗。

全面依法治国视域下大学生法治意识培养模式研究

新时代我国实施全面依法治国方略,高等教育的重要一环是培养大学生法治意识。然而,当前大学生法治意识培养存在的问题和挑战也日益凸显,需要进行深入研究和解决。探讨全面依法治国视域下的大学生法治意识培养模式,并对该模式进行实践与效果评估,探索可行的培养方法,有助于为高校法治教育提供科学有效的参考和借鉴。

面向建设教育强国的研究生推免工作优化探究

建设教育强国是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的战略先导,是实现高水平科技自立自强的重要支撑。研究生教育是培养高层次人才的主要途径和国家创新体系的重要组成部分,以推免接收为先行的研究生招生工作是研究生教育的开端和关键环节。随着推免生数量增加、教育形势与政策的不断变化,目前推免生生源情况、推免的考核科学性和操作流程化仍需讨论。该文通过提出采取针对性调研分析、搭建评价指标体系模型、重塑推免全流程等建议,探索推免接收工作优化新范式,以期更好地发挥推免对各类人才的选拔作用,最终实现提高高校人才培养质量,对学科建设和文化认同产生深远影响。

教育强国建设目标下高等教育专任教师资源配置标准与需求预测

专任教师配置方案对于保障学龄人口所需的教师资源供给、促进高质量的教师队伍建设至关重要。在我国高等教育适龄人口稳步增长、普及化程度递增、对外开放逐渐深化的背景下,高等教育对专任教师资源的需求将不断增加。为加快推进教育、科技、人才一体化,建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地,必须提前规划高等教育专任教师资源配置。参照教育强国建设目标,基于充足性、可行性原则,对2023—2035年高等教育专任教师资源配置标准与需求做出长期规划:(1)根据世界教育强国生师比水平分阶段配备我国高等教育专任教师,2025年、2030年、2035年高等教育生师比分别需要降至17.2∶1、16.1∶1、15.1∶1;(2)保障我国高等教育专任教师足额配备,2025年、2030年、2035年高等教育分别需要281.3万名、380.4万名、442.2万名专任教师,考虑教师自然减员,“十五五”“十六五”时期高等教育分别需要补充188.2万名、177.9万名专任教师;(3)我国高等教育需要在博士研究生培养规模方面做出较大努力,以保障未来高等教育高质量的师资充足,2025年、2030年、2035年高等教育分别需要87万名、125.1万名、154.6万名具有博士学位的专任教师,考虑教师自然减员,“十五五”“十六五”时期高等教育分别需要补充61.9万名、62.3万名具有博士学位的专任教师。

娄底市中学生电子烟使用现状及心理原因调查

了解娄底市中学生电子烟使用情况及心理原因,可为校园控烟工作提供依据。采用整群随机抽样方法,对娄底市中学生电子烟使用情况进行问卷调查。结果显示:娄底市中学生的电子烟知晓率为74.20%、尝试率为9.43%、使用率为3.31%,未来使用倾向率为5.62%;男生、职高生、每周零用钱较多的学生(多于60元)、成绩差的学生(主观认知)、来自单亲家庭的学生、留守儿童、有家庭成员或好朋友吸电子烟的学生、自身吸烟的学生电子烟使用风险较高,属于电子烟使用的高危人群;电子烟使用行为的心理原因有:电子烟低危害认知、高情感诱惑、高情绪困扰;高情感诱惑(OR=5.86)、高情绪困扰(OR=3.96)、电子烟低危害认知(OR=3.23),都是中学生未来使用电子烟的危险因素。因此,娄底市中学生的电子烟流行现状不容乐观,延续了国内外电子烟使用的上升趋势。

五四运动前的学生救国会:从“爱国”到“救国”

1918年的“五·二一”大请愿是五四运动的前奏和预演,也是中国学生的第一次游行请愿运动。这次请愿中成立的学生爱国会在某种程度上可以说是五四运动的直接发起者、组织者和推动者。学生爱国会后因当时的社会政治背景、青年学生国家观的转变和关怀政治的现实诉求而改名为学生救国会,并在五四运动的前夕通过开办国民杂志社、组织平民教育讲演团、召集北大“五三晚会”等一系列现实活动,为五四示威游行做了思想和组织上的充分准备。