The Cross Sectional Study on the Association between Sexual Awareness and Cognitive Social Capital among High School Students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.

Prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence among private college female students in Bahir Dar city, North Western Ethiopia

Background: Despite the higher risk victimization of young women in Ethiopia, the prevalence of sexual violence and its determinants among college students were scarce, particularly in the study area. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence among female private college students in Bahir Dar city. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in April 2012 among 541 female college students in Bahir Dar city using multistage sampling technique. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 16 soft ware package. Result: The study revealed that the prevalence of sexual violence among female college students was 37.3%. Respondents whose childhood background from rural areas were more than four times likely to have had sexual violence (AOR = 4.51, 95%CI: 1.67 - 12.16). The odds of sexual violence were higher for those respondents who had a close friend who drank alcohol (AOR = 3.13, 95%CI: 1.09 - 8.97). Besides, respondents who had never discussed on reproductive health issues with their parents were more than four times likely to have had sexual violence (AOR = 4.36, 95%CI: 1.40 -13.56). Conclusion: This study shows that sexual violence among female college students is higher. Sexual violence is associated with certain variables such as rural childhood residence, having a close friend who drank alcohol, and not discussing reproductive issues with parents. Therefore, it is recommend ed that sexual violence needs due attention and remedial action from policy makers, college officials, parents, students and other concerned bodies.

Relationship between Breakfast and Academic Performance of Primary and Middle School Students in Mianyang City

In order to understand the relationship between breakfast frequency and academic performance of grade 5 and grade 8 students, we conducted an investigation through a multistage cluster sampling design with 16,840 students (8017 5th graders and 8823 8th graders) from Mianyang city. Results show that: 1) 71.3% of fifth graders and 59.7% of eighth graders had breakfast every day of the week, and 9.7% of fifth graders and 7.5% of eighth graders had breakfast three times or less per week. 2) The number of times students eat breakfast per week has a significant impact on their comprehensive academic performance, which is reflected in the trend that the more times students eat breakfast, the better their overall academic performance is. Based on this, in order to help students eat breakfast more often, and further improve students’ academic performance, we will strengthen the publicity and education of students’ breakfast knowledge from multiple perspectives.

Public Diplomacy and Beijing City Image Research From Major International Sporting Events Perspective

This paper focuses on Beijing as the host city for the major international sporting events and its influence on the city image building of Beijing. Major international sporting events are the key channels for the exchange and dissemination of information among athletes from various countries, media coverages, national and international audiences which involves interpersonal communication, organizational communication, and mass communication at all levels. At the same time, the volunteers, especially young volunteers （mostly college student volunteers） considered as the Beijing city spokesperson and also as a group of ＂public diplomacy ambassadors＂, transfer positive energy in international communication during major international sporting events. Therefore, major international sporting events held in Beijing play an irreplaceable role in the image building of the capital city of China, Beijing.

Tea Art Education for Elementary School Students in Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province in China——A Case of Caihe Second Elementary School

Caihe Second Elementary School,a public school in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province in China,has shown excellent performance at practicing tea art education for students as a part of after-school activities it encourages.In this paper,the author figured out significance of tea art in Chinese society by discussing " why elementary students learn Chinese tea art" through observation on tea art education at Caihe Second Elementary School and interview with persons involved.

Cities and Country Today-Full of Colorful Life

ＣｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄＣｏｕｎｔｒｙＴｏｄａｙ－ＦｕｌｌｏｆＣｏｌｏｒｆｕｌＬｉｆｅｂｙｓｔａｆｆｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｒＬＩＸＩＡＴＨＥｔｉｔｌｅｏｆｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｉｓａｌｓｏｔｈｅｓｌｏｇａｎｆｏｒｔｈｅ＂ＣｈｉｎａＣｉｔｙａｎｄＣｏｕｎｔｒｙＴｏｕ...

“异地高考”政策研究热点及其研究展望——基于ROST WordParser词频分析

自2012年教育部出台有关异地高考政策并要求各地必须出台具体实施方案以来,学术界对此高度关注,并产生了大量的研究成果。本文基于ROST WordParser软件对CNKI所收录的有关异地高考的优质文献进行词频分析,通过分析总结出异地高考政策的研究和解决异地高考问题的策略研究两大研究主题,然后根据所得高频词将这两大研究主题的内容细化为四个研究热点并在最后作出未来研究展望。

Molecular Diversity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Metropolitan Cities in Central Africa: An Update of Data

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has a diversity that is equal to the complexity of its management. The group M (Major) is the dominant group in Sub-Saharan Africa and its distribution is very heterogeneous;the diversity of the virus is more heterogeneous in this region than elsewhere in the world which follows a complex and specific algorithm because of geographical positions and countries. This distribution is very dynamic, evolving and unpredictable. This review aimed to expose the specifics of the HIV Type 1 epidemic in Central Africa, in terms of the different molecular variants of HIV published for the region compared to the geographic location. Both Type 1 and Type 2 of HIV are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa due to distinct geographical contexts. HIV-2 is mainly documented in West and Central Africa, particularly in Cameroon, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal, Ivory Coast and Burkina-Faso however HIV-1 infection is widely distributed across the continent. The HIV-1 epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by the Group M. The different subtypes respect a certain geographical distribution across the continent. West Africa is dominated by subtype A, East and South Africa are dominated by subtype C, while Central Africa is dominated by strains A, C, D, F, H, J, CRF01-AE and CRF02-AG. This review is the first to present de molecular diversity of HIV-1 in metropolitan cities in all central African countries. The Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF02_AG) and subtypes A and G are present in all Central African countries and are also the most commonly encountered;followed by the subtypes D, F, G, C, B, J, K and several Circulating Recombinant Forms that are not represented in all Central African countries.

A Novel Fusion System Based on Iris and Ear Biometrics for E-exams

With the rapid spread of the coronavirus epidemic all over the world,educational and other institutions are heading towards digitization.In the era of digitization,identifying educational e-platform users using ear and iris based multi-modal biometric systems constitutes an urgent and interesting research topic to pre-serve enterprise security,particularly with wearing a face mask as a precaution against the new coronavirus epidemic.This study proposes a multimodal system based on ear and iris biometrics at the feature fusion level to identify students in electronic examinations(E-exams)during the COVID-19 pandemic.The proposed system comprises four steps.Thefirst step is image preprocessing,which includes enhancing,segmenting,and extracting the regions of interest.The second step is feature extraction,where the Haralick texture and shape methods are used to extract the features of ear images,whereas Tamura texture and color histogram methods are used to extract the features of iris images.The third step is feature fusion,where the extracted features of the ear and iris images are combined into one sequential fused vector.The fourth step is the matching,which is executed using the City Block Dis-tance(CTB)for student identification.Thefindings of the study indicate that the system’s recognition accuracy is 97%,with a 2%False Acceptance Rate(FAR),a 4%False Rejection Rate(FRR),a 94%Correct Recognition Rate(CRR),and a 96%Genuine Acceptance Rate(GAR).In addition,the proposed recognition sys-tem achieved higher accuracy than other related systems.

国别化中文教育视角下教师课堂教学研究

国际中文课堂教学效果与学习者的二语交际意愿密切相关。本文以国别化视角考察教师因素对日本学生汉语课堂交际意愿的影响。整体而言,教师的内在品质、课堂反馈和课堂管理三个维度的具体表现是影响日本学生交际意愿的主要因素。日本学生整体与不同群体以及不同群体之间对具体教师行为的感知反应呈现出差异性,不同语言环境、性别和学习时长的日本学生对影响其交际意愿的教师因素接受度也不同。

面向教育强国建设的博士生教育:成效、问题与举措

博士生教育是国民教育的最高端,全面提升博士生自主培养质量是建设教育强国的关键支撑。面对加快建设教育强国的战略部署和高等教育的龙头作用,我国博士生培养在规模结构和整体质量、管理评价机制、导师队伍建设、资源配置优化、国外优秀生源吸引力等方面还存在一些突出问题。面向教育强国建设,加快推动博士生培养高质量发展,宜稳步扩大博士培养规模,推动博士生教育提质增效;深化管理体制机制和评价改革,激发博士生人才队伍创新活力;加强导师职责岗位管理,打造一流博士生导师队伍;强化优质资源协同配置,促进科教融汇、产教融合;全面提高博士生自主培养能力,加快建立人才资源竞争优势。

交通强国战略下交通院校建筑类研究生特色化培养机制研究

交通强国战略导向下,交通院校应适应国家经济社会建设发展需要,充分发挥学校的办学优势,进行建筑类研究生特色化培养,以满足我国交通建设的高素质国际化人才需求。对国内8所交通特色院校建筑类研究生的培养方案进行调研发现,理论课程及设计实习均较少涉及对交通建设问题的探索,国际教育受限于学制和学籍管理而系统性和特色性不强,研究及实践未结合交通建设的前沿问题而创新性不足。因此,结合研究生高质量培养和交通强国战略的要求,在对国内外相关研究进行深入剖析的基础上,提出交通院校建筑类研究生特色化培养机制:建立多学科交叉、理论联合实际的研究生课程体系;建立政产学研协同育人的研究生培养机制;坚持“引进来”和“走出去”并重的国际联合培养机制。这对我国交通院校建筑类研究生特色化培养具有重要意义。

日本岸田内阁的数字化转型评析

日本虽较早关注数字经济发展,但其数字经济竞争力却落后于世界平均水平。为了破解日本数字经济发展滞后的困局,提升日本数字经济竞争力,应对日趋激烈的国际竞争,岸田内阁推出了涵盖数字田园都市国家构想、DFFT框架以及Web3.0、生成式人工智能技术等在内的一系列数字化转型政策。这些政策在日本数字化转型推进的广度、深度,以及执行力等方面展现出一定的亮点,但依然存在着企业与国民对数字化转型回应度不高、行政数字化改革阻力重重、数字人才短缺、地域间数字化发展程度差距较大、数字国际战略实施难度大、财政支撑空间有限、日元持续贬值等诸多难题,这使得日本数字化转型全面实现的可能性不高。尽管如此,岸田内阁数字化转型的推进也将对日本的经济、政治以及中日经济合作产生积极影响。

珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平监测情况分析

目的 通过监测珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平,提出成人、青少年麻疹、风疹疫苗接种建议,为卫生健康部门、口岸卫生检疫部门进一步强化麻疹、风疹防控工作提供科学依据。方法 整理珠海市2021年6月至2023年1月期间出国留学人员麻疹、风疹预防接种状况,检测该人群血清样本麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平,统计分析出国留学人员麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体总体状况及不同组别人群麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平差异。结果 314名调查对象中,麻疹、风疹IgG抗体总阳性率分别为69.11%、63.38%。15岁及以下、16~20岁、21~25岁、26~30岁、31~35岁、36岁及以上麻疹抗体阳性率分别为83.33%、72.84%、68.42%、66.67%、78.57%、50.00%,风疹抗体阳性率分别为66.67%、66.67%、61.40%、70.83%、57.14%、61.11%;不同性别之间麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄分组人员在麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率方面差异较小,无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同分属地人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 珠海地区留学人员麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率总体超过60%,36岁以上人群阳性率偏低,成年人可考虑加强接种麻腮风疫苗。

创新型城市试点对企业数字化转型的政策效应及其传导机制——基于双重差分方法的准自然实验

创新型城市试点政策是中国建设创新型国家的战略部署,但目前基于微观企业层面、采取定量方法对其是否以及如何影响企业数字化战略选择的相关研究缺乏。在数字经济时代下,为给中国进一步推动企业利用制度优势实现数字化转型提供经验证据,从制度层面的视角,以微观企业数字化转型为研究对象,利用Python软件对2004—2020年中国上市企业年报关键词进行文本挖掘,构建企业数字化转型评价指标,运用多时点的双重差分(DID)模型考察创新型城市试点对企业数字化转型的政策效应及其作用机制。结果发现,相较于非试点城市,试点城市内的企业更加易于开展数字化转型,且这一政策效果在非国有企业、资本密集型行业的企业以及技术密集型行业的企业中更为显著;而且,创新型城市试点能够通过缓解企业融资约束、促进科技人才集聚和优化创新环境(硬环境和软环境)对企业数字化转型产生影响。据此,提出进一步总结创新型城市试点建设的经验、因企制宜地采用差别化的激励扶持政策,以及重视资金、人才、新型基础设施建设和知识产权保护等政策传导渠道等相关政策建议。

县级城市全域数字化转型探讨

县级城市的全域数字化转型时代即将到来。作为传统城乡二元结构的交汇点,县级城市在治理模式、产业结构和社会形态上具有独特性、多样性和复杂性。随着智慧城市进入以数据智能为特征的新发展阶段,县级城市数字空间的算力、数据和智能,将为县级城市物理空间的政治、经济、社会、文化和生态文明建设带来全域数字化转型。

大学生暑期“三下乡”社会实践育人功能的实现路径探析

暑期“三下乡”社会实践作为高校大学生社会实践的重要内容和渠道,依托共青团组织,在实践育人过程中发挥着重要作用。当前暑期“三下乡”社会实践在政府支持、学生参与、活动形式、经费保障等方面存在一定的不足和困境,应该通过加强宣传引导、第二课堂管理、链接专业资源、建立长效机制、加大资金投入、培育特色项目等方式推进实践的组织开展。高校大学生可以通过实践将所学得以运用,助力乡村振兴,增强社会责任感,展现青年的价值与担当,培养艰苦奋斗的优良品质,从而充分发挥社会实践的育人功能。

西安市某高校大学生乳腺癌知信行现状调研

为了解西安市某高校大学生乳腺癌知识、态度与行为现状,为高校乳腺癌健康教育提供支持,采用分层整体随机抽样法对西安某高校278名大学生进行问卷调研。结果显示,大学生的乳腺癌知识平均得分为(9.12±2.48)分,行为平均得分为(7.28±2.68)分,态度平均得分为(2.15±1.03)分,正确知晓率为60.64%,大学生乳腺癌知信行得分与年龄、年级等相关,整体来看大学生乳腺癌知识知晓率较低,高校仍需全方位对大学生进行乳腺癌相关知识的宣传教育。

未来30年城市中等职业教育生源趋势及应对策略——以广州市为例

高度城市化的背后,我国生育率持续走低,进入“人口负增长”时代。在国家统筹推进职业教育与普通教育协调发展的背景下,是否有足够的生源来支撑城市中等职业教育发展?文章以广州市为例,基于历年来官方公布的活产婴儿数及2020年第七次人口普查数据,预测未来30年城市中等职业教育生源变动趋势。结果显示:2023—2036年广州市高中阶段生源存在一定的波动,但对中等职业生源影响不大,然而由于2022年及以后出生人口逐年下降,2036年开始城市中等职业学校的生源或将出现萎缩。为确保城市中等职业教育持续发展,需要科学掌握高中阶段学龄人口变动趋势,做好普职分流规划;完善中高职衔接培养体系,积极推进普职融通;增强城市中职教育的适应性与吸引力。

全面依法治国视域下大学生法治意识培养模式研究

新时代我国实施全面依法治国方略,高等教育的重要一环是培养大学生法治意识。然而,当前大学生法治意识培养存在的问题和挑战也日益凸显,需要进行深入研究和解决。探讨全面依法治国视域下的大学生法治意识培养模式,并对该模式进行实践与效果评估,探索可行的培养方法,有助于为高校法治教育提供科学有效的参考和借鉴。