How Sense of Ritual in Tourism Impacts Tourists’Co-Creation of Tourism Experience Values:A Study Based on the Theory of Value Co-Creation

Establishing a sense of ritual within tourism consumption scenarios offers tourists the opportunity for interactive engagement.Drawing upon the value co-creation theory,this study constructed an influence mechanism model to examine tourists'active engagement in the process of co-creating tourism experience values.It employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM)to empirically test the proposed hypotheses.The findings demonstrate that the model constructed in the present study exhibits robust reliability,validity,and explanatory power.The perception of the sense of ritual in tourism exerts a significant positive influence on tourists’co-creation of tourism experience values,thereby significantly enhancing both the communitas and flow experienced by tourists during their travels.Moreover,such communitas and flow can mediate the influence of the sense of ritual in tourism on tourists’co-creation of tourism experience values.This study contributes to advancing the current research on tourists’co-creation of tourism experience values and the sense of ritual in tourism,thereby providing theoretical foundations for cultivating a sense of ritual within tourism consumption scenarios.

Validity and reliability of the evaluation tool of TCM confidence in students with TCM learning experience

Objective:This study aimed to design an evaluation scale of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)confidence and then evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Three parallel samples with TCM learning experience were included in this current study.Randomly selected 500 nursing students were included factor analysis and reliability and validity analyses.After 4 weeks,200 nursing students were recruited to retest the reliability.The evaluation tool of TCM confidence included 6 dimensions and 25 entries.Results:Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.95 and that of the 6 observed aspects were higher than 0.90,and splithalf reliability was 0.81.For the retest reliability,Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.93 and that of the 6 examined aspects was all over 0.80.The index of content validity Scale Content Validity Index(S-CVI)was 0.92 and Item Content Validity Index(I-CVI)was 0.83–1.00.Conclusions:Observed results may indicate that the designed tool can be used to assess the TCM confidence level of students with TCM studied experience and also can evaluate results of TCM education during studying TCM lectures.

Evaluation of Chinese Learning Efficiency of International Students in China:Comparing by Dimension

This paper introduces the Value Engineering method to calculate the value coefficient of Chinese learning efficiency for 377 international students by dimension.Results suggest that attention should be paid to male,European and American,rural,introverted,and“work or education needs”international students;Give full play to the driving role of the reference-type,explore the space for improving the learning efficiency of the improvement-type and attention-type,and pay attention to the problems of problem-type international students.

Evaluation of Chinese Learning Efficiency of International Students in China

This paper investigates the related factors of Chinese learning engagement and performance of 377 students from three universities in Guangzhou of China,employs the value engineering method,and calculates the value coefficient of learning efficiency.From the value coefficient of Chinese language learning,it proves that over 60%of international students studying in China have a higher efficiency in learning Chinese.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Medical Functional Experimental Science for International Students

Medical Functional Experiment Science, a bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine, integrates classical experimental teaching contents of three courses including physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. This course not only helps students to verify and reinforce theoretical knowledge, but also cultivates their capability of scientific thinking to discover and solve problems. Based on the characteristics of international students and current situation of the teaching platform in the laboratory at Yangtze University, this paper discusses a series of problems in the Medical Functional Experiment Science teaching for international students and puts forward some measures for teaching reform including optimizing experimental content, innovating experimental teaching methods and establishing effective experimental evaluation mode, in order to cultivate more international medical students with innovative ability.

Effects of Perceived Teacher Support on Student Behavioral Engagement in the Blended Learning Environment:Learning Experience as a Mediator

Blended learning(BL)has been widely adopted to improve students’academic achievements in higher education.However,its success relies mainly on student engagement,which plays an essential role in active learning and provides a rich understanding of students’experiences.The study utilized three self-designed scales-the Teacher Support Scale,Student Engagement Scale,and Student Learning Experience Scale-to gauge and examine the impact and relationship between perceived teacher support,student behavioral engagement,and the intermediary role of learning experiences.A cohort of 899 college students undertaking the obligatory College English course through BL modes across five Chinese universities actively participated by completing a comprehensive questionnaire.The results showed significant correlations between perceived teacher support,learning experience,and behavioral engagement.Perceived teacher support significantly predicted students’behavioral engagement,with socio-affective support exerting the most substantial predictive effects.All predictive effects were partially mediated by learning experience(learning mode,online resources,overall LMS-based learning,interaction with their instructor and peers,and learning outcome).The influence of perceived teacher support on behavioral engagement differed between students who reported the most positive(vs.negative)learning experiences.Suggestions for further research are offered for consideration.

A Bifactor Analysis Approach to Construct Validity and Reliability of the Affective Exercise Experience Questionnaire among Chinese College Students

Affective exercise experience as an emerging theoretical concept has great potential to provide a more nuanced understanding of individual factors that influence exercise behavior.However,concerning the Affective Exercise Experiences(AFFEXX)questionnaire,it has not been examined yet whether the structural score of the AFFEXX is a useful index to predict physical activity(refers to any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure).Furthermore,there is currently a gap in knowledge regarding the psychological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between affective exercise experiences and the level of physical activity(PA).In order to adress these gaps in the literature,we conducted two studies among Chinese collge students that aimed(i)to investigated whether the total score of the three AFFEXX-C constructs(antecedent appraisals,core affective exercise experiences,and attraction-antipathy towards exercise)is a relaible indicator that can be utilized in research and pratical settings and(ii)to evalute the specific psychological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between affective exercise experience and PA.In Study 1,we recruited 801 voluntary Chinese college students for bifactor and correlational analyses.In Study 2,875 Chinese college students were enrolled to verify our findings from Study 1 and to explore the aforementioned mechanism.Results from the bifactor analyses supported our hypothesis that the total scores of the three AFFEXX-C constructs can be used among Chinese college students to establish a link with PA.Additionally,our results suggested that core affective exercise experiences and attraction-antipathy mediated the relationship between antecedent appraisals and the level of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA.Therefore,measuring affective exercise experiences using the AFFEXX-C,specifically the total scores of each individual construct may be a useful approach to predict future PA levels.

Research on the Influencing Factors of College Students’Learning Experience in Livestreaming Courses

The learning experience of online courses has always been a hot topic.As livestreaming courses are online courses with real-time interaction between instructors and students,its learning experience directly affects the learning behavior and effect.The evaluation indicators related to online course learning experience were combined with the attitudes of scholars,enterprise practitioners,and learners in livestreaming courses.When the questionnaire was designed,the exploratory and confirmatory factors were analyzed,the Questionnaire on Learning Experience of College Students in Livestreaming Courses was developed to evaluate the learning experience of college students attending livestreaming courses.Last but not the least,based on the survey data,important factors affecting college students’learning experience in livestreaming courses,including course content,learning environment,course interaction,and learning incentives were discussed and analyzed;strategies to optimize the learning experience in livestreaming courses were proposed.

Remote Learning in Higher Education During the Pandemic: A Study of the Experiences of Chinese International Students at United Kingdom and United States Universities in 2020/21

During the COVID-19 pandemic crisis,many universities around the world made a drastic change by transferring most of their offline classes to emergency remote learning(ERL).The aim of this study was to explore how Chinese students,who studied in United Kingdom(UK)and United States(US)universities during the 2020/21 academic year,perceive their experiences of remote learning.As the UK and the US have two relatively advanced education systems,the arrangements of their universities for ERL and their support for international students are worth exploring.Moreover,during the ERL,a portion of Chinese students had online classes in their home countries instead of the country in which their universities are located.Therefore,semi-structured interviews were carried out to explore the academic experiences and social interaction of students who studied in UK and US universities,while remaining in China.The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method.The findings showed that ERL was perceived negatively by students despite its flexibility in areas of academic learning experiences and social interaction.

China’s Perspectives on the Modern Educational Value of Critical Information Literacy

Critical information literacy is a new and important direction of information literacy education for university students in the new media era.By comparing critical information literacy between China and the West,combining with the research on information literacy education in China in the past 20 years,and based on the three major relationships that Chinese philosophy is concerned about that people need to face in the world of life,i.e.,the individual and the self,the individual and nature,and the individual and the society,this paper defines critical information literacy as that individuals,as information subjects,discover,select,confirm,and evaluate the information they are exposed to by obtaining and discriminating the content elements of the information world(information sources,information,and information assets)and using critical thinking skills and methods,creatively interpret or solve the relevant problems arising from the interaction between individuals and self,individuals and nature,individuals and society,and form the literacy that represents the knowledge,ability,attitude,habit,and level of the information subject through continuous reflection and practice.In order for human beings to better understand the world and construct it responsibly,critical information literacy can play a greater role and educational value.It not only helps contemporary college students build knowledge of“good questioning”and enhance their“reasoning”skills,but also encourages them to maintain a“firm standpoint,”cultivate a habit of“healthy skepticism,”and enhance their“decision-making”skills.

Exploration of Curriculum Ideology and Politics Integrating Medical Humanities Cultivation Model to Enhance Medical Core Values

Purpose:To explore the application effect of the cultivation mode of Curriculum Ideology and Political Integration of Medical Humanities to enhance the core values of medicine in the clinical internship stage of medical students.Methods:Students in the clinical internship stage of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College were selected,and a total of 156 students in one random class in each grade were taken as the observation group and received the integration cultivation mode;148 students were taken as the control group and employed the traditional mode.The teaching effect of interns in the two groups was analyzed.Results:The teaching performance of students in both groups after clinical internship teaching was improved compared with that before admission;the teaching performance,teaching effect,teaching evaluation,and teaching satisfaction of the observation group were higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:The integration of the medical humanities training model with curriculum ideology and politics in the clinical internship of medical students is conducive to the improvement of teaching performance,teaching evaluation,teaching satisfaction of teachers and students,and the development and improvement of core values of medical students,which is of good value for teaching application.

Professional values in nursing students in Jordan:baccalaureate nursing students’perception

Objective:Baccalaureate degree curricula consist of several professional values required for nursing students,which are taught in many ways.This study aimed to explore the perception of baccalaureate Jordanian nursing students regarding professional values and to assess the relationship between students’demographics and their perception of professional values.Methods:The study design was a descriptive,cross-sectional correlational design.A convenience sample of 182 Jordanian undergraduate nursing students enrolled at one of the most prominent universities in Jordan who completed and submitted a self-administered Nurses’Professional Values Scale(NPVS)was considered for this study.Results:The NPVS total score ranged from 37 to 130,with a relatively high total score mean(99.68 with a mean of 3.83 out of 5).The highest score domain in NPVS was“Justice”with a mean of 3.97,while the lowest ranked domain was“Activism”with a mean of 3.69.The correlation coefficient showed no statistically significant correlation between age nor accumulative students’average with a total score of Nurses Professional Values Scale-revised(NPVS-R)and its subdomains.The t test results showed that gender and type of students’enrollment(regular vs.upgrading)did not affect the means of NPVS-R and its subdomains.But differences were found to be statistically significant between the means of first year students and fourth year students in the total score of NPVS-R.Conclusions:Findings of the study alert nursing educators to pay more attention to the importance of promoting the values related to“activism”and“professionalism”among nursing students.Suggestions for enhancing the roles of peer supervision and providing peer review to colleagues would contribute to improving nursing students’performance and raising self-awareness because when nursing educators pay more attention to the items of these domains,better future nursing professionals,leaders,and researchers can be gained.Also,understanding nursing students’perceptions of the importance of professional values and the difficulties in its application would be vital to enlighten educators about the areas that need improvement.

Problems-Based Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences by Nursing Students

Introduction: Problems-based learning (PBL) methodology seeks challenges in the daily life context, where students protagonise their own learning using new technologies as the ideal means to find updated and adequate information, for its processing and dissemination towards a better active and participative role. The aim was to analyze the usefulness and importance of PBL, as a strategy of significant learning in daily experiences of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The study was qualitative and phenomenological, with 15 informant students of the Module “Attention to addictions in the health area” aged 20 - 25 years, enrolled in the sixth semester of nursing from a public university. Data were collected through oral testimonies, texts, and semi-structured interviews of relevant aspects to them in their everyday life facing the COVID-19 pandemic, telling their experiences. Students signed an informed consent, and the qualitative analysis followed De Souza Minayo. Results: Four categories emerged: Category 1. Students’ experiences along pandemic;1.1, Positive experiences;1.2, Negative experiences. Category 2. Students’ knowledge and abilities for self-care along pandemic. Category 3. Abilities to promote problem solving. Category 4. Impact and usefulness of PBL in students’ experiences for health education;4.1, Positive impact of PBL;4.2 Negative impact of PBL. Conclusion: PBL is very useful for significant learning. It opens knowledge, developing skills to face, support, debate, evaluate and make decisions;it does incorporate critical thinking and problem solving. PBL does encourage collaborative work.

Nursing students’ experiences of caring for dying patients and their families: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

Objective: Nurses play important roles in caring for dying patients and their families. Difficulties students confronted when facing dying patients challenge the quality of nursing education. A better understanding of students' experiences would enhance teachers' ability in helping students. This study aims to describe available evidence about nursing students' experiences when caring for dying patients and their families.Methods: A review of qualitative studies published between 2005 and 2017 was undertaken using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. The keywords included were nursing students, experience, care, end-of-life, and dying. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers. The data from the studies were analyzed by meta-synthesis.Results: Eighteen English and two Chinese studies were selected in this review. Four themes were emerged:(1) Students with dying patients: students did not have enough ability in symptoms control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication for dying patients.(2) Students with the patients' families: students advocated more caring for patients' families.(3) Students with the surroundings: professional medical staffs, especially the nursing preceptors, were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students.(4) Students with themselves: nursing students underwent various negative feelings and adopted both negative and positive strategies to cope with such feelings;students experienced professional and personal development during the caring for dying patients.Conclusions: Nursing students' abilities in terminal symptom control, comfort supply, and therapeutic communication should be improved by more theoretic learning and simulation practice. The nursing preceptors were key roles in constructing a supporting system for students and helping them to control the negative emotions when facing dying patients.

Educational Experiences of Undergraduate Male Nursing Students: A Focus Group Study

Background: The educational experiences of undergraduate male nursing students in developing countries such as Jordan have yet to be fully investigated in the literature. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the educational experiences of Jordanian undergraduate male nursing students. Methods: A qualitative research design using inductive content analysis approach was used to explore educational experiences of undergraduate male nursing students at a prominent public university. Focus group interviews were used to obtain information of an interactive, conversational nature from male nursing students and to gain in-depth insight regarding their educational experiences. Twenty undergraduate male nursing participants representing the four academic levels of a nursing program were recruited. Four focus groups ranging between 4 - 6 students were used to gather data. Inductive content analysis was used. Results: Three themes emerged from this study: “nursing: a deliberate choice”, “nursing is wonderful yet challenging”, and “nursing is not for men”. Students articulated that they deliberately chose to study nursing and to enter this academic field. Participants indicated that studying nursing was a wonderful experience that was intertwined with several challenges. Students from different levels explicitly emphasized that they were challenged and bombarded with enduring negative stereotypes and negative societal views regarding males in nursing. Conclusions and Implications: Findings illustrated that educational experiences of undergraduate male nursing students varied between wonderful experiences upon deliberate entry into nursing programs to enduring negative stereotypes and views regarding male nurses. Nursing educators are expected to comprehend the educational experiences of their students, particularly male students, and provide counseling, role-modeling and support as needed. Additionally, nurse educators should encourage all students to manage gender related problems by emphasizing a nurse’s role identity without gender segregation or discrimination.

Value Appeal of Harmonious Moral Life of Chinese College Students

Based on the theory of human nature and community,this paper analyzes some problems such as the weakening of moral appeal,the loss of moral behavior,the supremacy of physical values and the unclear role orientation faced by some Chinese college students in the course of their moral life so as to cultivate moral feelings and construct moral values,reshape the ethics of behavior,give full play to the main channel of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities,inherit the outstanding Chinese traditional culture as the focal point,and probe into the value demands of college students' harmonious moral life.

Dementia-related contact experience,attitudes,and the level of knowledge in medical vocational college students

BACKGROUND Dementia is a severe neurological and psychological disease that occurs in older adults worldwide.The knowledge and attitude of medical-vocational college students play an important role in supporting primary healthcare systems.AIM To investigate the level of knowledge,contact experience,and attitudes toward dementia among medical-vocational college students in China.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted,and 3-year medical and medical-related students from eight vocational colleges in Anhui province were recruited.The contact experience,attitudes,and knowledge level of students toward dementia were assessed using a questionnaire designed according to the Chinese version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale(ADKS).RESULTS A total of 2444 medical and medical-related students completed the survey,of whom 86.7% of respondents had interests and concerns regarding Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and 29.2% of respondents had experiences of contact with dementia patients.Overall attitudes toward dementia were negative.Only 35.4% of students were interested in participating in the caregiving of dementia patients.The mean score of students’ knowledge about AD as assessed by the ADKS was 21.16(standard deviation,3.43) out of 30.CONCLUSION Dementia-related knowledge of medical-vocational college students was at a medium level,and their overall attitudes toward dementia were negative.

Effects of Study-Abroad Experiences on Chinese Students’ L2 Learning Activities and Study-Abroad Motivations

This study explores how overseas exchange opportunities might influence Chinese students ’engagement in L2 learning activities and how far such opportunities may satisfy their motivation to study abroad. The analysis of the data, collected and filtered from carefully designed questionnaires and interviews, showed that students ’ L2 learning activities and study-abroad motivations underwent changes after their overseas experiences. Regarding the former, the overseas environment was the cause of the change because it provided students with more chances to talk with native speakers and increased the frequency of their using L2 in their daily life. Regarding the latter, the decline of the students ’ major study-abroad motivations was partly because they tended to treat L2 learning as a tool for realizing other goals and partly because the students had got other important motivations. In view of these findings, suggestions were raised to help future students get better prepared for their overseas study or short-term exchange life.

Analysis of the Impact of the Application of New Media Technology on the Values of College Students

The widespread use of new media technology has brought changes to the technological environment of ideological and political education in colleges and universities,mainly manifested in the quantification of information dissemination,the virtualization of interpersonal relationships,and the diversification of educational platforms.These are also subtly affecting the values of contemporary college students.The positive effects are mainly manifested in the cultivation of the awareness of“network democracy”,the enhancement of the subject consciousness,and the strengthening of the sense of openness.The negative effects are mainly manifested in the disorder of value orientation,low moral sentiment,self-ification of values,and weakening of national identity.

A Study On the Value and Direction of Yancheng Sea Salt Culture in College Students’Ideological and Political Education

Sea Salt Culture is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancestors and the retention of the history.With the passage of time and the innovation of salt making technology,the connotation of sea salt culture is undergoing changes.In the long process of cultural dissemination,sea salt culture permeates local university campuses and enlightens college students as well.This paper explores the profound connotation of sea salt culture in the new era,probes into the important influence of Sea Salt Culture on the ideological and political education of contemporary college students,and analyzes the practical direction for college students to inherit sea salt culture in the new period,so as to expand the breadth and width of sea salt culture.