A qualitative study on the adverse reactions of mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis in Orissa,India

Objective:To describe the perceptions of community members and programme partners regarding severity,management and impact of adverse reactions on mass drug administration (MDA) compliance.Methods:Based on various qualitative data collected from five districts of Orissa,India,where MDA had been implemented during 2002 and 2004.The qualitative surveys included focus group discussions with community members and health workers,and semi-structured interviews with key informants in the community,medical officers at primary health centres,district level health officers and private practitioners.Results:It showed that many people suffered from adverse reactions,though the reactions were not serious.The paper reported different ways of management of adverse reactions at the community level.The impact of adverse reactions on MDA compliance was serious,as many people did not consume the drug due to fear of adverse reactions.The rumours of adverse reactions and news in media deterred people from consuming the tablets.Conclusion:All categories of respondents indicates the need of more information to address the problem of adverse reactions during MDA.The present paper warrants incorporating the messages on adverse reactions during health communication and social mobilization campaigns of MDA.

China’s Minnowbrook Conference: The Review of “Chinese Theories, Chinese Stories and Chinese Solutions” Initiated by China Case Study Journal Alliance

On March 24th,2021,with the initiative of the Chinese government and the promotion of well-known scholars in public administration,the(qualitative)case study seminar of Tsinghua University initiated the case study movement.The Case Study Seminar of Young Scholars was also held on November 16th 2021,and the Case Study Seminar of the Case Center of the Ministry of Education was held on November 17th 2021.If the three Minnowbrook Conferences of the United States were of epoch-making significance to the transformation of the paradigm of public administration theories and practices,then the three conferences also have the epoch-making significance of the paradigm transformation of case studies of public administration in China.Under the background of great changes in the global power contrast and profound reform in China,this review paper tries to use the interpretation and interpretation of critical discourse,especially to explain the Chinese theories which are in-depth,refined and transformed by the case study method of Chinese stories,and the Chinese solutions plausible for Chinese theories.In view of the diversity and complexity of Chinese theories and Chinese solutions,this paper mainly focuses on the realization of Chinese theoretical construction and the formulation of Chinese solutions through the discourse interpretation of Chinese case propositions.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Healthcare Workers–A Perception of Indian Hospital Administrators

Since the coronavirus pandemic,many factors led to the change in the mental well-being of hospital administrators and their staff.The pandemic negatively impacted the availability and capability of health professionals to deliver essential services and meet rising demand.Therefore,this study aimed to understand the perspective of hospital administrators about issues and challenges that negatively impacted their staff’s mental health and hospital administrators’coping response to mitigate those challenges and issues.An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with 17 hospital administrators(superintendents,deputy superintendents,nursing in charge and hospital in charge)working in a government district hospital of Rajasthan state during September 2022 and October 2022.This study revealed various emerging themes on mental health-related issues,challenges and coping strategies reported by the administrators.Themes and sub-themes that emerged from this study were 1)Perceived mental health of HCWs-perceived importance of mental health,2)Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of HCWs–common mental health issues,changes in mental health pre and post-pandemic,3)Impact of COVID-19 on health behavior of HCWs-increased self-care and awareness,4)Challenges responsible for poor mental health of HCWs-organizational,ethical and societal challenges and 5)Strategies to retain mental health of HCWs-effective coping strategies.The most common problems were increased levels of stress,feeling fatigued,tiredness,weak and anxiety among the HCWs.Keeping their staff motivated was the biggest challenge reported.Social support,counseling through professionals and demystifying myths were the most effective coping strategies adopted by the participants.In conclusion,this study reported poor mental health-related issues,challenges faced by the HCWs and effective strategies adopted by hospital administrators during tough situations.This study will assist hospital administrators in developing interventions such as regular training programs and workshops to teach effective coping skills to address poor mental health during crises.

广东省化学原料药生产企业调研情况分析

目的:掌握广东省化学原料药产业发展情况,为广东省化学原料药产业发展政策的制定提供参考。方法:在总结当前广东省化学原料药产业发展现状的基础上,通过发放调查问卷的形式,面向广东省内化学原料药生产企业展开调研。结果与结论:调研显示广东省化学原料药产业在先进制造技术和绿色生产等方面具有一定优势,但在人才引进、产业升级转型、产业链和产业集聚等方面存在一些瓶颈问题,阻碍了广东省生物医药产业的高质量发展。建议加强人才引进力度,促进产业升级转型,构建石化产业-化学原料药产业协同发展机制,推进产业集群化发展。

白芥子穴位给药配伍对延胡索乙素药效动力学影响的研究

目的:探讨“冬病夏治”全方配伍和无白芥子配伍延胡索乙素在模型家兔“肺俞”穴皮下药代动力学特征及药代动力学-药效动力学(PK-PD)模型的相关性。方法:支气管哮喘模型家兔随机分成延胡索单方组、缺白芥子组、全方组,微透析技术收集14 h穴位皮下透析液,液相色谱-质谱法(Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,LCMS)法检测方中君药延胡索主要成分延胡索乙素浓度,获得药代动力学参数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测对应时间点模型动物血清中IgE水平,获得药效学参数;对药动学、药效学参数进行PK-PD模型拟合。结果:白芥子配伍后的药峰浓度(C_(max))、药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))、平均滞留时间(MRT_(0-t))均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05),达峰时间(T_(max))提前(P<0.01);“浓度-时间-效应”三维曲线表明,方中有白芥子配伍时,药效出现更快、消退更慢,起效时间晚于峰浓度,具有一定滞后性。结论:动力学参数、PK-PD模型结果表明,白芥子配伍能够改变“方中君药”——延胡索的主要成分延胡索乙素穴位局部的皮下分布,促进方中君药有效成分快速吸收,延长滞留时间,在方剂中起到主药、改善其他药物分布的“双重”作用。

《药事管理规范》课程多元化教学模式探索与创新

《药事管理规范》课程是药物制剂专业的一门必修课,是执业药师必考的一门课,实用性很强,对以后从事药物制剂相关的工作岗位有指导意义。这门课程旨在培养药学学生具备良好的药事管理素质,包括医药法律法规、药品管理、用药安全、药品销售等方面。为保证课程的有效性和实效性,教学模式探索和创新成为重要的课程设计原则。因此,通过多元化课堂教学模式,帮助学生了解并掌握相关理论知识。在课堂教学中,可采用讲授、讨论、案例分析等多种教学方法,以引导学生主动参与、思考和理解。同时,带领同学进行实践环节,可以组织学生参观医院、药店等相关场所,实地了解和参与药事管理实践工作。

军队院校药事管理人才培养探讨

在军民融合和发展交叉学科的背景下,军队院校需要逐步完善药事管理人才培养模式。目前,军队院校在药事管理人才存在培养目标不够清晰、教学方式传统单一、课程体系相对单薄、高层次人才培养不足等问题,本文提出“厘清培养目标、丰富授课内容、实施多元化教学、拓展研究方向”四点改进措施,以实际需求为牵引,培养适应军队和地方的药事管理复合型专业人才。

一起未经定点屠宰生猪案的分析

2023年6月,C县农业综合执法大队检查发现,当事人唐某涉嫌违法从事未经定点屠宰生猪的行为。经调查取证,违法事实确实,依据《生猪屠宰管理条例》对唐某依法作出行政处罚。本文通过对该起私屠滥宰生猪案的查处分析,指出了案件办理中存在的问题,并着重梳理了该类案件中违法主体的确定、《生猪屠宰管理条例》与《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》的适用以及连续违法行为中违法所得的认定等问题,特别指出了不同情形下的案件处理要点和需要遵循的法律适用原则,以期为执法人员的生猪屠宰管理实践提供参考。

民国时期自费留学考试述评——以第二届自费留学考试为例

为延续和发展留学教育,并为抗战后国家建设培养人才,国民政府教育部于1946年组织了第二届自费留学考试。这是一次全国性考试,由教育部组织留学生考选指导委员会及其分区考试委员会制定章程草案,管理南京、重庆、北平、上海、西安、武汉、广州、昆明、成都九个考区的考选工作。相较于第一届自费留学生考试,第二届考试进一步规范和完善了自费留学制度,对留学教育的发展和近代考试制度的转型均产生了积极影响。然而,在国民政府党化教育大背景下,自费留学考试成为国民党统制教育的一种手段,具有一定的历史局限性。

基于比较研究的品牌设计教学实践

随着品牌设计拓展至商业以外的政治文化领域,面对更驳杂的设计对象和更灵活的设计手段,品牌设计教学亟需解决两个重要问题:1)教学主题和过程怎样规划和设计才能更好地调动学生全程参与的热情,对品牌有全面和深刻的认识?2)如何激励学生对本土文化的情感和社会责任感,树立起服务和开拓本土品牌的意识?为此,课程以北京为对象,选取包含多个子集的集合对象作为实践主题(如北京16城区、北京中轴线等),采用比较研究法,以集中调研、分散设计相结合的形式开展教学活动,形成一套新的品牌设计教学模式,最终取得预期育人成效。

Conversing Rate from Morphine to Continuous Infusion of Fentanyl in Patients Suffering Cancer Pain

Objective： To investigate the proper conversing rate from morphine to continuous infusion of fentanyl in patients suffering cancer pain. Methods： A retrospective study was carried on in 20 patients with cancer pain in Shizuoka Cancer Center from Sep. 2002 to Nov. 2003. Pain intensity, adverse reactions, and satisfaction index of patients were evaluated. Results： The pain intensity was stable in 17 patients indicating good pain-control within 1 week after conversion and unstable in 3 patients after conversion suggesting poor pain-control. Fentanyl injection could alleviate side effects and increase the satisfaction index of patients. Conclusion： The equipotent ratio for conversion of low dose morphine to fentanyl injection was established as 72：1, and for non low dose morphine a ratio less than 72：1 was proposed to get stable pain-relieving effect. But the equipotent ratio for conversion of morphine to continuous infusion of fentanyl could not be determined. We must consider the morphine dose before the confirmation of the conversing rate.

Circumstance of endoscopic and laparoscopic treatments for gastric cancer in Japan: A review of epidemiological studies using a national administrative database

Currently, endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) and laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG) have become widely accepted and increasingly play important roles in the treatment of gastric cancer. Data from an administrative database associated with the diagnosis procedure combination(DPC) system have revealed some circumstances of ESD and LG in Japan. Some studiesdemonstrated that medical costs or length of stay of patients receiving ESD for gastric cancer had become significantly reduced while length of hospitalization and costs were significantly increased in older patients. With respect to LG, some recent reports have shown that this has been a cost-beneficial treatment for patients compared with open gastrectomy while simultaneous LG and cholecystectomy is a safe procedure for patients with both gastric cancer and gallbladder stones. These epidemiological studies using the administrative database in the DPC system closely reflect clinical circumstances of endoscopic and surgical treatment for gastric cancer in Japan. However, DPC database does not contain detailed clinical data such as histological types and lesion size of gastric cancer. The link between the DPC database and another detailed clinical database may be vital for future research into endoscopic and laparoscopic treatments for gastric cancer.

Treatment of Cough and Dyspnea due to Acute Bronchitis by Plaster for Cough and Dyspnea——A Report of 735 Cases

In the light of the theory of treating the internal disease externally, an externally used plaster for treating cough and dyspnea due to acute bronchitis (Ke Chuan Yi Tie Kang [symbol: see text]-[symbol: see text]) was successfully applied to 735 cases of acute bronchitis (the treatment group), with the other 423 cases treated with routine western drugs as controls. The results showed that the cure rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P

智能化随访系统的研发及在短肠综合征患儿中的应用

目的 总结智能化随访系统的研发及在短肠综合征患儿中的应用。方法 设计研发智能化随访系统,采用便利抽样法,选取2021年1月-2022年12月入住浙江省某三级甲等儿童医院新生儿外科的34例短肠综合征患儿应用该随访系统,比较使用随访系统前后患儿并发症发生率、家属对医疗护理服务的满意度及健康教育知晓率的差异。结果 智能化随访系统应用后,患儿家属对医疗护理服务满意度逐年提高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。家属在导管护理、饮食营养、并发症及应急情况处理方面的知识知晓率均高于对照组,患儿出院1年后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 智能化随访系统实现了以护士为主导的精准化、专业化、智能化及闭环化随访服务,有效降低了患儿并发症的发生率,提高了家属对医疗护理服务的满意度和健康教育知晓率。

岗位胜任力视域下高职工商管理类课程教改实践

高职院校承载着培养高素质技术技能人才的时代使命,而教学质量则是人才培养质量提高的基石。对此,基于岗位胜任力理论,从行企技术发展需求、学生学习兴趣、教师双师素质方面剖析高职专业课程教改的必要性,并以工商管理类课程为例,在阐述其教学模式及实施过程的基础上提出提升教学质量的相关建议。

基于扎根理论的养老机构跌倒管理现状与期望质性研究

目的探讨养老机构跌倒管理的现状与期望,为预防跌倒干预提供参考。方法选取长沙市4家养老机构的11名管理人员进行半结构式访谈,采用扎根理论的范式收集、整理和分析资料。结果共总结2个主题:跌倒管理现状(跌倒评估,跌倒预防和跌倒处置)和跌倒管理期望(素质品质,理论知识和实践能力)。结论养老机构跌倒管理处在勤观察和重经验阶段,照护人员理论知识和实践能力缺乏;希望通过培训,达到短期内提高照护者实践能力以及实现理论知识积累的长期目标。

“管理变革”视角下中国发展道路的特殊机理阐析--评休·佩曼《中国巨变:地球上最伟大的变革》

伴随西方学界近年来对中国关注度的增强,中国研究渐成热门研究议题。其中,英国学者休·佩曼的著作《中国巨变:地球上最伟大的变革》是极具代表性的研究成果。基于管理变革的视角,以丰富的一手经验材料为基础,从哲学、历史、经济、商业、政治等多个方面生动阐释中国的变革实践,认为管理变革是中国成功的关键,通过理解、设计和实施变革,促进了中国的长时段持续发展,对其他国家走出当前发展困局也提供了新的路径参考。本书打破传统西方中心主义的思维定式,从中国经验把握中国发展道路的特殊逻辑,客观评判中国发展道路及影响,对于扭转西方对中国的诸多认知偏见和误区,拓展中国研究的视野和方法,以及促进国内学界深化改革发展中相关问题研究等,都具有十分重要的意义。

2种给药方式下卡拉胶影响小鼠排尿量的实验研究

目的:探讨不同给药方式下不同剂量卡拉胶(Carrageenan,CRG)对小鼠排尿量的影响。方法:不同剂量卡拉胶以灌胃、腹腔注射给药方式干预小鼠,速尿为阳性对照药,灌胃给予灭菌生理盐水制备盐水负荷模型,30 min后各组动物置于代谢笼中,在连续5 h观察期内,测定每小时排尿量及5 h总排尿量。结果:对于灌胃卡拉胶的小鼠,与空白对照组相比较,高、中、低剂量卡拉胶组的5 h总排尿量显著升高,每小时排尿量则呈不规则变化,其中,高、中、低剂量卡拉胶组的第1小时排尿量均显著增加,且与卡拉胶剂量呈正相关趋势。对于腹注射卡拉胶的小鼠,与空白对照组相比较,高、中剂量卡拉胶组的5 h总排尿量显著升高,低剂量卡拉胶组则显著降低,每小时排尿量也呈不规则变化,其中,高剂量卡拉胶组第1小时排尿量显著减少,随后4h内每小时排尿量均显著升高,中、低剂量卡拉胶组的第1、2小时排尿量均显著减少,其余观察时间的排尿量均显著增高。结论:灌胃与腹腔注射方式给予的卡拉胶可显著增加小鼠排尿量。

基于openFDA对罗莫珠单抗不良反应风险信号的挖掘与分析

目的对新型抗骨质疏松药物罗莫珠单抗相关不良反应进行分析及风险信号挖掘,为临床用药安全性提供参考依据。方法借助美国食品药品监督管理局公共数据开放项目,调取2014年1月1日-2022年9月10日美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统收到的罗莫珠单抗的不良事件报告,应用国际医学用语词典v24.0的首选系统器官分类和首选术语对不良事件进行分类。采用报告比值比法,对报告数排名前50位的不良事件进行不良反应信号挖掘。结果检索出不良事件报告共11118925份,其中与罗莫珠单抗相关的报告为4375份,报告主要来自日本和美国,患者75.5%为女性,患者年龄主要分布于60~89岁。在报告数排名前50的不良事件中,共检测出32个阳性信号,包括代谢及营养类疾病3个,各类检查2个,各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症1个,各种手术及医疗操作1个,肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病9个,泌尿及肾脏系统疾病1个,全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应8个,神经系统疾病2个及心脏器官疾病5个。其中,肾脏损害为说明书未提及的不良反应。结论临床应关注罗莫珠单抗潜在的不良反应,尤其警惕其相关心血管不良事件、过敏或超敏反应、低钙血症、下颌骨坏死、非典型性股骨骨折及肾脏损害。对于说明书未提及的罗莫珠单抗相关肾脏损害,应给予足够重视及进一步的探究。

政务服务中心价值理性与工具理性融合的机制优化——以数字赋能为理论基础的多案例研究

推进价值理性与工具理性融合,旨在从根源上解决当前政务服务中心治理实践中重工具理性而轻价值理性所产生的现实问题,是数字治理背景下推进政务服务中心治理现代化、满足人民群众对美好生活向往的重要手段和方式。从机制优化问题入手,构建了公共价值、数字技术与机制创新的解释框架,并通过对四个典型案例的深入分析,归纳了数字赋能下政务服务中心价值理性与工具理性融合的核心机制,包括需求识别与回应机制、公众参与常态化机制、政务资源协同整合机制、服务绩效评估反馈机制等。在促进中国情景案例与西方公共价值理论对话的同时,也为数字赋能下政务服务中心双重理性融合的机制优化提供了更具针对性的对策建议。