Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challengin...Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challenging issues in spinal cord injury. As spinal cord injury progresses to the chronic phase, lost motor and sensory functions are not recovered. Several reasons may be attributed to the failure of recovery from chronic spinal cord injury. These include factors that inhibit axonal growth such as activated astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin-associated proteins, inflammatory microglia, and fibroblasts that accumulate at lesion sites. Skeletal muscle atrophy due to denervation is another chronic and detrimental spinal cord injury–specific condition. Although several intervention strategies based on multiple outlooks have been attempted for treating spinal cord injury, few approaches have been successful. To treat chronic spinal cord injury, neural cells or tissue substitutes may need to be supplied in the cavity area to enable possible axonal growth. Additionally, stimulating axonal growth activity by extrinsic factors is extremely important and essential for maintaining the remaining host neurons and transplanted neurons. This review focuses on pharmacotherapeutic approaches using small compounds and proteins to enable axonal growth in chronic spinal cord injury. This review presents some of these candidates that have shown promising outcomes in basic research(in vivo animal studies) and clinical trials: AA-NgR(310)ecto-Fc(AXER-204), fasudil, phosphatase and tensin homolog protein antagonist peptide 4, chondroitinase ABC, intracellular sigma peptide,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, matrine, acteoside, pyrvate kinase M2, diosgenin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and fampridine-sustained release. Although the current situation suggests that drug-based therapies to recover function in chronic spinal cord injury are limited, potential candidates have been identified through basic research, and these candidates may be subjects of clinical studies in the future. Moreover, cocktail therapy comprising drugs with varied underlying mechanisms may be effective in treating the refractory status of chronic spinal cord injury.展开更多
目的对化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗早期膝关节结核的疗效进行评价。方法搜集2010年1月至2015年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院门诊及住院治疗的膝关节结核患者64例，采用前瞻性队列研究设计，按照抽签随机对照原则：化疗联合...目的对化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗早期膝关节结核的疗效进行评价。方法搜集2010年1月至2015年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院门诊及住院治疗的膝关节结核患者64例，采用前瞻性队列研究设计，按照抽签随机对照原则：化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗组（简称“联合治疗组”）29例，其中男16例，女13例，年龄18~61，平均（37．15±13．39）岁；单纯口服抗结核药物化疗组（简称“单纯化疗组”）35例，其中男20例，女15例，年龄17465，平均（36．45±12．30）岁。患者在治疗前后分别进行CT及MRI检查，以了解关节结核的病变治疗情况；以及比较患者治疗前后的美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（hospital{orspecial surgery kneescore，简称“HSS评分”）结果。对上述两组的年龄、患病月数、治疗前后的HSS评分进行t检验，性别采用四格表检验，有效率采用秩和检验，以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果两组在治疗前的性别（X2=0．238，P：0．722）、年龄（￡=0．352，P=0．637）、患病月数（t=0．486，P=0．138）及联合治疗组患者治疗前的HSS评分为（73．53±6．70）分，单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=0．859，P=0．768），差异均无统计学意义。而治疗后联合治疗组的有效率为79．3％（23／29），优于单纯化疗组的68．6％（24／35）（Z=87．32，P=0．037）。联合治疗组患者HSS评分治疗后的（73．53±6．70）分，而单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=2．397，P=0．020），联合治疗组的治疗效果优于单纯化疗组。结论联合治疗组较单纯化疗组治疗效果好，值得推广应用。展开更多
目的对化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗早期膝关节结核的疗效进行评价。方法搜集2010年1月至2015年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院门诊及住院治疗的膝关节结核患者64例，采用前瞻性队列研究设计，按照抽签随机对照原则：化疗联合...目的对化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗早期膝关节结核的疗效进行评价。方法搜集2010年1月至2015年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院门诊及住院治疗的膝关节结核患者64例，采用前瞻性队列研究设计，按照抽签随机对照原则：化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗组（简称“联合治疗组”）29例，其中男16例，女13例，年龄18～61岁，平均（37．15±13．39）岁；单纯口服抗结核药物化疗组（简称“单纯化疗组”）。35例，其中男20例，女15例，年龄17～65岁，平均（36．45±12．30）岁。患者在治疗前后分别进行CT及MRI检查，以了解关节结核的病变治疗情况；以及比较患者治疗前后的美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（hospital for special surgery knee sore，简称“HSS评分”）结果。对上述两组的年龄、患病月数、治疗前后的HSS评分进行t检验，性别采用四格表检验，有效率采用秩和检验，以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果两组在治疗前的性别（X2=0．238，P=0．722）、年龄（t=0．352，P=0．637）、患病月数（t=0．486，P=0．138）及联合治疗组患者治疗前的HSS评分为（73．53±6．70）分，单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=0．859，P=0．768），差异均无统计学意义。而治疗后联合治疗组的有效率为79．3％（23／29），优于单纯化疗组的68．6％（24／35）（Z=87．32，P=0．037）。联合治疗组患者HSS评分治疗后的（73．53±6．70）分，而单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=2．397，P=0．020），联合治疗组的治疗效果优于单纯化疗组。结论联合治疗组较单纯化疗组治疗效果好，值得推广应用。展开更多
Traumatic brain injury remains a global health crisis that spans all demographics,yet there exist limited treatment options that may effectively curtail its lingering symptoms.Traumatic brain injury pathology entails ...Traumatic brain injury remains a global health crisis that spans all demographics,yet there exist limited treatment options that may effectively curtail its lingering symptoms.Traumatic brain injury pathology entails a progression from primary injury to inflammation-mediated secondary cell death.Sequestering this inflammation as a means of ameliorating the greater symptomology of traumatic brain injury has emerged as an attractive treatment prospect.In this review,we recapitulate and evaluate the important developments relating to regulating traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation,edema,and blood-brain barrier disintegration through pharmacotherapy and stem cell transplants.Although these studies of stand-alone treatments have yielded some positive results,more therapeutic outcomes have been documented from the promising area of combined drug and stem cell therapy.Harnessing the facilitatory properties of certain pharmaceuticals with the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of stem cell transplants creates a synergistic effect greater than the sum of its parts.The burgeoning evidence in favor of combined drug and stem cell therapies warrants more elaborate preclinical studies on this topic in order to pave the way for later clinical trials.展开更多
文摘Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challenging issues in spinal cord injury. As spinal cord injury progresses to the chronic phase, lost motor and sensory functions are not recovered. Several reasons may be attributed to the failure of recovery from chronic spinal cord injury. These include factors that inhibit axonal growth such as activated astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin-associated proteins, inflammatory microglia, and fibroblasts that accumulate at lesion sites. Skeletal muscle atrophy due to denervation is another chronic and detrimental spinal cord injury–specific condition. Although several intervention strategies based on multiple outlooks have been attempted for treating spinal cord injury, few approaches have been successful. To treat chronic spinal cord injury, neural cells or tissue substitutes may need to be supplied in the cavity area to enable possible axonal growth. Additionally, stimulating axonal growth activity by extrinsic factors is extremely important and essential for maintaining the remaining host neurons and transplanted neurons. This review focuses on pharmacotherapeutic approaches using small compounds and proteins to enable axonal growth in chronic spinal cord injury. This review presents some of these candidates that have shown promising outcomes in basic research(in vivo animal studies) and clinical trials: AA-NgR(310)ecto-Fc(AXER-204), fasudil, phosphatase and tensin homolog protein antagonist peptide 4, chondroitinase ABC, intracellular sigma peptide,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, matrine, acteoside, pyrvate kinase M2, diosgenin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and fampridine-sustained release. Although the current situation suggests that drug-based therapies to recover function in chronic spinal cord injury are limited, potential candidates have been identified through basic research, and these candidates may be subjects of clinical studies in the future. Moreover, cocktail therapy comprising drugs with varied underlying mechanisms may be effective in treating the refractory status of chronic spinal cord injury.
文摘目的对化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗早期膝关节结核的疗效进行评价。方法搜集2010年1月至2015年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院门诊及住院治疗的膝关节结核患者64例，采用前瞻性队列研究设计，按照抽签随机对照原则：化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗组（简称“联合治疗组”）29例，其中男16例，女13例，年龄18~61，平均（37．15±13．39）岁；单纯口服抗结核药物化疗组（简称“单纯化疗组”）35例，其中男20例，女15例，年龄17465，平均（36．45±12．30）岁。患者在治疗前后分别进行CT及MRI检查，以了解关节结核的病变治疗情况；以及比较患者治疗前后的美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（hospital{orspecial surgery kneescore，简称“HSS评分”）结果。对上述两组的年龄、患病月数、治疗前后的HSS评分进行t检验，性别采用四格表检验，有效率采用秩和检验，以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果两组在治疗前的性别（X2=0．238，P：0．722）、年龄（￡=0．352，P=0．637）、患病月数（t=0．486，P=0．138）及联合治疗组患者治疗前的HSS评分为（73．53±6．70）分，单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=0．859，P=0．768），差异均无统计学意义。而治疗后联合治疗组的有效率为79．3％（23／29），优于单纯化疗组的68．6％（24／35）（Z=87．32，P=0．037）。联合治疗组患者HSS评分治疗后的（73．53±6．70）分，而单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=2．397，P=0．020），联合治疗组的治疗效果优于单纯化疗组。结论联合治疗组较单纯化疗组治疗效果好，值得推广应用。
文摘目的对化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗早期膝关节结核的疗效进行评价。方法搜集2010年1月至2015年7月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院门诊及住院治疗的膝关节结核患者64例，采用前瞻性队列研究设计，按照抽签随机对照原则：化疗联合经皮超声电导抗结核药物治疗组（简称“联合治疗组”）29例，其中男16例，女13例，年龄18～61岁，平均（37．15±13．39）岁；单纯口服抗结核药物化疗组（简称“单纯化疗组”）。35例，其中男20例，女15例，年龄17～65岁，平均（36．45±12．30）岁。患者在治疗前后分别进行CT及MRI检查，以了解关节结核的病变治疗情况；以及比较患者治疗前后的美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（hospital for special surgery knee sore，简称“HSS评分”）结果。对上述两组的年龄、患病月数、治疗前后的HSS评分进行t检验，性别采用四格表检验，有效率采用秩和检验，以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果两组在治疗前的性别（X2=0．238，P=0．722）、年龄（t=0．352，P=0．637）、患病月数（t=0．486，P=0．138）及联合治疗组患者治疗前的HSS评分为（73．53±6．70）分，单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=0．859，P=0．768），差异均无统计学意义。而治疗后联合治疗组的有效率为79．3％（23／29），优于单纯化疗组的68．6％（24／35）（Z=87．32，P=0．037）。联合治疗组患者HSS评分治疗后的（73．53±6．70）分，而单纯化疗组为（61．37±10．35）分（t=2．397，P=0．020），联合治疗组的治疗效果优于单纯化疗组。结论联合治疗组较单纯化疗组治疗效果好，值得推广应用。
基金CVB was funded by National Institutes of Health(NIH)R01NS071956,NIH R01NS090962,NIH R21NS089851,NIH R21NS094087Veterans Affairs Merit Review I01 BX001407
文摘Traumatic brain injury remains a global health crisis that spans all demographics,yet there exist limited treatment options that may effectively curtail its lingering symptoms.Traumatic brain injury pathology entails a progression from primary injury to inflammation-mediated secondary cell death.Sequestering this inflammation as a means of ameliorating the greater symptomology of traumatic brain injury has emerged as an attractive treatment prospect.In this review,we recapitulate and evaluate the important developments relating to regulating traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation,edema,and blood-brain barrier disintegration through pharmacotherapy and stem cell transplants.Although these studies of stand-alone treatments have yielded some positive results,more therapeutic outcomes have been documented from the promising area of combined drug and stem cell therapy.Harnessing the facilitatory properties of certain pharmaceuticals with the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of stem cell transplants creates a synergistic effect greater than the sum of its parts.The burgeoning evidence in favor of combined drug and stem cell therapies warrants more elaborate preclinical studies on this topic in order to pave the way for later clinical trials.
