Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes.Transmission electron microscopy is the most rigorous method to clearly visualize autophagic engulfment and degradation.A large number of studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the digestion,secretion,and regeneration of gastrointestinal(GI)cells.However,the role of autophagy in GI diseases remains controversial.This article focuses on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of autophagy in GI diseases,in order to provide new ideas for their diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of autoimmune pancreatitis based on serum immunoglobulin G4 level:A single-center,retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)has been linked with elevated immunoglobulin(Ig)G4 levels.The characteristics and outcomes of AIP based on serum markers have not been fully evaluated.AIM To compare clinical features,treatment efficacy,and outcome of AIP based on serum IgG4 levels and analyze predictors of relapse.METHODS A total of 213 patients with AIP were consecutively reviewed in our hospital from 2006 to 2021.According to the serum IgG4 level,all patients were divided into two groups,the abnormal group(n=148)with a high level of IgG4[>2×upper limit of normal(ULN)]and the normal group(n=65).The t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables.Categorical parameters were compared by theχ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test.Kaplan-Meier curves Zhou GZ et al.Clinical characteristics and outcome of AIP WJG https://www.wjgnet.com 5126 September 21,2023 Volume 29 Issue 35 and log-rank tests were established to assess the cumulative relapse rates.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate potential risk factors of AIP relapse.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the abnormal group had a higher average male age(60.3±10.4 vs 56.5±12.9 years,P=0.047);higher level of serum total protein(72.5±7.9 g/L vs 67.2±7.5 g/L,P<0.001),IgG4(1420.5±1110.9 mg/dL vs 252.7±106.6 mg/dL,P<0.001),and IgE(635.6±958.1 IU/mL vs 231.7±352.5 IU/mL,P=0.002);and a lower level of serum complement C3(100.6±36.2 mg/dL vs 119.0±45.7 mg/dL,P=0.050).In addition,a lower number of cases with abnormal pancreatic duct and pancreatic atrophy(23.6%vs 37.9%,P=0.045;1.6%vs 8.6%,P=0.020,respectively)and a higher rate of relapse(17.6%vs 6.2%,P=0.030)were seen in the abnormal group.Multivariate analyses revealed that serum IgG4[(>2×ULN),hazard ratio(HR):3.583;95%confidence interval(CI):1.218–10.545;P=0.020]and IgA(>1×ULN;HR:5.908;95%CI:1.199–29.120;P=0.029)and age>55 years(HR:2.383;95%CI:1.056–5.378;P=0.036)were independent risk factors of relapse.CONCLUSION AIP patients with high IgG4 levels have clinical features including a more active immune system and higher relapse rate.Several factors,such as IgG4 and IgA,are associated with relapse.

A Study of the English Translation of Characteristic Cuisines of the Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Multimodal Discourse Analysis

Given the diversity of geographical and cultural backgrounds,it is difficult to find precise counterparts of many food-related vocabularies in the unique dietary culture of the Hexi Corridor in the target language,making it challenging to fully convey the essence of its local dietary culture in translation.To achieve the purpose of translation,the theory of multimodal discourse analysis provides an ideal translation approach through the language mode,image mode,sound mode,and the synergistic effect of multimodalities,which can accurately address the deficiencies in the translation of dietary culture.Through this research,it is not only possible to highlight the unique charm of the dietary culture of the Hexi Corridor but also to build a bridge for its international dissemination,promoting cross-border cultural exchanges and mutual understanding.

Experimental Study on Characteristics of NiMnGa Magnetically Controlled Shape Memory Alloy

The static and dynamic magnetic controlling characteristics of NiMnGa magnetically controlled shape memory alloy （MSMA） were experimentally studied. The results show that the characteristics of induced strain with respect to the magnetic field are nonlinear with saturation nature, and dependent on the temperature as well as the load applied to the MSMA. The magnetic shape memory effect can be observed only in complete martensite phase at room temperature. The magnetic permeability of MSMA is not constant and reduces with the increment of magnetic field. The relative saturation magnetic permeability of MSMA is about 1.5.

Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Model Wind Rotor System and on Characterization of A Wind Generation System

In order to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of 6-MW wind turbine, experimental study on the aerodynamic characteristics of the model rotor system and on characterization of a wind generation system is carried out. In the test, a thrust-matched rotor system and a geometry-matched rotor system, which utilize redesigned thrustmatched and original geometry-matched blades, respectively, are applied. The 6-MW wind turbine system is introduced briefly. The proper scaling laws for model tests are established in the paper, which are then implemented in the construction of a model wind turbine with optimally designed blades. And the parameters of the model are provided. The aerodynamic characteristics of the proposed 6-MW wind rotor system are explored by testing a 1:65.3 scale model at the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Before carrying out the wind rotor system test, the turbulence intensity and spatial uniformity of the wind generation system are tested and results demonstrate that the characterization of the wind generation system is satisfied and the average turbulence intensity of less than 10% within the wind rotor plane is proved in the test. And then, the aerodynamic characteristics of 6-MW wind rotor system are investigated. The response characteristic differences between the thrust-matched rotor system and the geometry-matched rotor system are presented. Results indicate that the aerodynamic characteristics of 6-MW wind rotor with the thrust-matched rotor system are satisfied. The conclusion is that the thrust-matched rotor system can better reflect the characteristics of the prototype wind turbine. A set of model test method is proposed in the work and preparations for further model basin test of the 6-MW SPAR-type floating offshore wind turbine system are made.

Preparation of Li-B Alloy and Study of Its Microstructure and Discharge Characteristics

A Li-B alloy has been prepared using a pretreated amorphous B powder and pure Li ingot as starting materials by continually slow addition of B powder and intensified stirring in the process of melting. The microstructure and the discharge characteristic of the materials have been investigated- Results show that the problem of temperature control in synthesis would be modified by means of continual addition of B powder, the Li7B6 would be more finely distributed in the metal Li by means of intensified stirring. The discharge characteristic of the Li-B alloy using amorphous B as starting materials is almost the same with that of using crystalline B.

Experimental investigation on pressure-buildup characteristics of a water lump immerged in a molten lead pool

Motivated to understand the pressure-buildup characteristics in a circumstance of a water droplet immerged inside a heavy liquid metal pool,which is a key phenomenon during a Steam Generator Tube Rupture accident of Lead-cooled Fast Reactor,many experiments have been conducted by injecting water lumps into a molten lead pool at Sun Yat-sen University.In order to deepen the understanding of the influence of melt material,this lead experiment was compared with a Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic(LBE)experiment in the literature.For both experiments,a steam explosion occurred in a small part of the experi-mental runs,which generally leads to strengthened pressure buildup.Regarding the non-explosion experimental cases,the impact of all parameters employed in lead experiments(i.e.,water lump volume,water lump shape,molten pool depth,and temperature of water and melt)on the pressure buildup is non-negligible and similar to that in our previous experiments using LBE.Notably,limited pressure buildup with an increase in water lump volume was also observed.A slightly more violent pressure buildup tends to appear in the lead experiments than in the LBE experiments under the same experimental conditions,which may be due to the higher thermal conductivity of lead than of LBE.In a few experimental runs with a relatively low melt temperature close to the melting point of lead,local solidification of liquid lead was observed,restricting pressure buildup.For the lead and LBE experiments,the calculated melt kinetic energy conversion efficiencyηhas a relatively small value(not exceeding 1.6%),and theηvalues have an overall positive correlation with the impulse on the molten pool.

Impact renaming non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic associated fatty liver disease in prevalence,characteristics and risk factors

BACKGROUND Recently,a group of hepatologists proposed to rename non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)as metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)with modified diagnostic criteria.It is important to note,however,that there are some differences between the diagnostic criteria used for NAFLD and MAFLD.Since the research on MAFLD is just beginning,however,evidence on its incidence and prevalence in the general population and in speci
c subpopulations remains limited.AIM To assess epidemiology of fatty liver in new definition and compare MAFLD with NAFLD.Exploring risk factors of MAFLD individuals.METHODS This was a retrospective,cross-sectional study.A total of 85242 adults were selected from the Chinese health management database in 2017–2022.The data of general information,laboratory indicators,lifestyle management and psychological status were obtained.MAFLD was diagnosed as ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver and at least one between these three conditions:Overweight/obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)or metabolic dysregulation.Metabolic factors were not considered in NAFLD diagnosis standard.The clinical characteristics of MAFLD and NAFLD were analysed using descriptive statistics.Continuous variables normally distributed were expressed as means±SD.Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and proportions.Binary logistic regression was used to determine risk factors of the MAFLD.RESULTS The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD was 40.5%and 31.0%,respectively.The MAFLD or NAFLD population is more likely to be older(M:47.19±10.82 vs 43.43±11.96;N:47.72±11.17 vs 43.71±11.66),male(M:77.21%vs 44.43%;N:67.90%vs 53.12%)and high body mass index(M:26.79±2.69 vs 22.44±2.48;N:26.29±2.84 vs 23.29±3.12)than the non-MAFLD or non-MAFLD population.In multivariate analysis,general information(e.g.,≥2 metabolic abnormalities OR=3.38,(95%CI:2.99-3.81),P<0.001;diastolic blood pressure OR=1.01,(95%CI:1.00–1.01),P=0.002),laboratory results[e.g.,total bilirubin(TBIL)OR=0.98,(95%CI:0.98-0.99),P<0.001;serum uric acid(SUA)OR=1.01,(95%CI:1.01-1.01),P<0.001],and lifestyle factors[e.g.,drink beverage OR=0.32,(95%CI:0.17-0.63),P=0.001]were influence factors for MAFLD.Our study results offer new insight into potential risk factors associated with fatty liver disease,including SUA,TBIL and creatinine,all of which are related to chronic renal disease(CKD).CONCLUSION MAFLD is more prevalent than NAFLD,with two-fifths of individuals meeting the diagnosis criteria.MAFLD and NAFLD populations have different clinical characteristics.CKD may be related with MAFLD.

Numerical Study of Elastic Wave Propagation Characteristics in Cracked Rock

Numerical methods can provide extremely powerful tools for analysis and design of engineering systems with complex factors that are not possible or very difficult with the use of the conventional methods. In this paper, we use the 2-D boundary element method (BEM) program to model elastic wave excited by a point explosive source propagating in cracked rocks. As an example, we consider the typical crack distributions in rocks, both models for the real crack structure are also talked about. The elastic wave propagating in rocks with aligned cracks and parallel fractures is assumed. Effects of different crack parameters, such as crack scale length and crack density are analyzed. Numerical results show that the BEM is a powerful interpretive tool for understanding the complicated wave propagation and interaction in cracked solids.

A STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF γ-GLUTAMYLTRANSPEPTIDASE OF HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) from human esophageal cancer, normal esophageal mucosa and normal kindney were partially purified and their biochemical and immunological properties were studied. (1) The γ-GT activity of esophageal cancer was higher than that of normal mucosa, yet still much lower than that of normal kidney. (2) The Michaelis constant and optimum pH of esophageal cancer γ-GT were the same as those of normal kidney tissue. (3) After staining of γ-GT activity, two molecular clusters, i.e. 100kD and 380kD γ-GT were shown in esophageal cancer by 4-20% linear gradient PAGE and the lOOkD γ-GT showed higher activity. (4) The γ-GT of esophageal cancer was immunologically identical with normal enzyme in double immunodif-fusion and immunoelectrophoresis. (5) In double lectin-diffusion, affinity column and crossed immuno-affino-electrophoresis, it was demonstrated that the carbohydrate components of γ-GT from esophageal cancer were heterogeneous and rich in D-Mannose, D-Glucose and N-Acetyl-Glucosamine. The relationship between the appearance of 100kD γ-GT cluster and the heterogeneous carbohydrate components will be further studied.

A Comparative Study of Dispersion Characteristics Determination of a Trapezoidally Corrugated Slow Wave Structure Using Different Techniques

The linear dispersion relation of a trapezoidally corrugated slow wave structure （TCSWS） is analyzed and presented. The size parameters of the TCSWS are chosen in such a way that they operate in the x-band frequency range. The dispersion relation is solved by utilizing the Rayleigh-Fourier method by expressing the radial function in terms of the Fourier series. A highly accurate synthetic technique is also applied to determine the complete dispersion characteristics from experimentally measured resonances （cold test）. Periodic structures resonate at specific frequencies when the terminals are shorted numerical calculation, synthetic technique and cold appropriately. The dispersion characteristics obtained from test are compared, and an excellent agreement is achieved.

Experimental Study on Friction Characteristics of Caragana korshinskii Kom

Caragana korshinskii Kom, which is a kind of excellent shrubs, has strong resistance to windstorms, and it is also a kind of forage that is of high nutritional value as well as a forming fuel conversion resource that is of high caloric. Caragana korshinskii Kom is of high lignifications after growing for a few years and the toughness of it is considerably high. Currently in China, equipments of harvesting and processing for ripe crops can hardly finish the mechanized production for Caragana korshinskii Kom. Friction characteristics of woody material for Caragana korshinskii Kom under different conditions should be given when the relevant operation machinery is designed, which can provide physical parameters for transportation of Caragana korshinskii Kom as well as the designing of relevant machinery. The paper bases on the research of friction characteristics between Caragana korshinskii Kom whose diameter of 7, 10, and 13 mm under sampling directions of 0°, 45°,and 90° and machinery materials that are commonly used such as steel plate, rubber sheet and so on, and meanwhile the test considers factors such as different conditions of Caragana korshinskii Kom, different materials of machines, different angles and so on. The data strongly suggests that the average static, dynamic friction coefficient between Caragana korshinskii Kom and steel plate is 0.399 711 and0.353 022, respectively; The average static and dynamic friction coefficient between Caragana korshinskii Kom and rubber sheet is 0.965 178 and 0.883 667, respectively. The maximum of static and dynamic friction coefficients is when the angle between the direction of sampling and the direction of movement is vertical. As the angle increased, the dynamic and static friction coefficient decreased. The friction coefficient between Caragana korshinskii Kom and steel plate were increased with the increase of the diameter of Caragana korshinskii Kom, but the diameter have no effect on the dynamic friction coefficient between Caragana korshinskii Kom and rubber plate. The conclusion of this paper can provide references for research on machines that are relevant to transportation and particle forming of Caragana korshinskii Kom.

Studies on Characteristics of Fracture Lithofaciesin Wenxipo W-Cs-Rb Polymetallic Deposit,Hainan Province,China

1 Introduction Wenxipo W-Cs-Rb polymetallic depositis located in Fengshou rubidium-cesium polymetallic prospecting area in Danzhou City,Hainan Province,China.The hornstone facies,a thermal metamorphic facies,

STUDIES ON THE FROTH CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSITE COLLECTORS IN NONMETALLIC MINERAL FLOTATION

The flotation results of a phosphate ore are improved by replacing the conventional collectors of fatty acids with composite collectors. The synergistic effect on the froth characteristics in systems using composite collectors has then been studied, and the concept of 'mixed hemimicellae' has been proposed in the adsorption of composite collectors at the air/solution interfaces.

An Experimental Research to Study the Microwaves transmission Characteristics of Ablating Material in Arc-Heated Plasma Flow

in this paper, an experimental research the effect of ablating material on the reflection and the transmission of microwaves in arc-heated plasma flow is presented by using the C band microwave measuring system. The results show that the ablating material with accidented surface and its high temperature have remarkably affected the reflection and the transmission of microwaves. The experiment proves that the system has outstanding precision and reliability.

A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN HEPATOMA XENOGRAFTS IN NUDE MICE AFTER IRRADIATION

Cell growth kinetics and changes in AFP in nude mice with human hepatoma xenografts were evaluated using the flow cytometry method. After receiving 10 Gy of radiation, the mice showed a marked delay in tumor growth; approximately 1 Gy of radiation caused a tumor growth delay of one day. Irradiation altered various phases of the cell cycle. An acute and temporary block of G2 cells was characteristic; FCM measurements demonstrated that about 58% of cells were blocked in the G2 phase and this blocking effect lasted 90 hours after an irradiation of 10 Gy. This indicated that human hepatoma xenografts in nude mice were quite sensitive to irradiation. It was also noted that the AFP decreased for 96 hours after irradiation. Changes in G2 cells after irradiation may be closely related to changes in AFP.

Preliminary Study of the Characteristics and Genesis of Arsenate Minerals in the Oxidized Zone of the Debao Skarn-Type Cu-Sn Ore Deposit in Guangxi

Through the study of the oxidized zone of the Debao skarn-type Cu-Sn deposit in Guangxi, the authorshave found 14 arsenate minerals, most of which are for the first time reported in China. They are mainly Cuarsenate minerals with subordinate Cu-Pb arsenate minerals and minor Fe-Pb-Ba varieties. Based on their paragenesis these minerals may be divided into the following series: (1) the clinoclasite-olivenite-cornwallite- cornubite- debaoite- copper silicarsenate association, (2) the scorodite- carminite- beudan-tite-bayldonite- duftite association, and (3) the scorodite-Ba-bearing pharmacosiderite- dussertite association. Arsenate minerals are formed generally in the oxidized zone of the sulfide-type deposits which lie in thewarm, humid and rainy torrid-subtropical zone with pH=6-8 and contain large amounts of arsenopyrite andcarbonate rocks.

Potash Mineral Characteristics and Geochemical Studies in the West of Bieletan Section

Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment

An SIMS Study on the Fingerprint Characteristics of Minerals with Special Reference to Minerals from the Jinningian Granites in the Yunnan Sector of the Xikang-Yunnan Axis

In this paper such minerals as apatite, zircon and biotite from granites were determined and analyzed bysecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for their isotopic ages, REE composition, trace elements and volatilecomponents with an attempt to shed light on the origin and formation environments of the Jinningian granitesin the Yunnan sector of the Kangdian (Xikang- Yunnan) earth's axis. The results show that the apatites,zircons and biotites of different geneses possess different fingerprint characteristics. Some correlations havebeen found between trace elements and volatile components contained in the minerals from granties.