Background: The sustainability of animal production system depends mostly on feed management. Therefore, the combination of local leguminous forage as source of protein and ginger as phytobiotics can be one of the saf...Background: The sustainability of animal production system depends mostly on feed management. Therefore, the combination of local leguminous forage as source of protein and ginger as phytobiotics can be one of the safe ways to attain this goal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger meal associated with ration containing local protein sources Desmodium intortum and/or Stylosanthes guianensis on growth performance in rabbits. Method: A total of 64 young rabbits (32 males and 32 females) with an average weight of 1000 ± 200 g were used. There were randomly assigned to 8 experimental diets in a complete randomized designed with 8 rabbits per treatment and each rabbit serving as an experimental unit. From the control diet R0 (basal diet without legumes and phytobiotic) and 7 other diets (treatment): R1(basal diet without legumes + 1% ginger powder), R2 (basal diet + 20% S. guianensis + 1% ginger meal), R3 (basal diet + 20% D. intortum + 1% ginger powder), R4 (basal diet + 20% D. intortum + 0% ginger powder), R5 (basal diet + 20% S. guianensis + 0% ginger powder), R6 (basal diet + 10% D. intortum + 10% S. guianensis + 0% ginger powder) R7 (basal diet + 10% D. intortum + 10% S. guianensis + 1% ginger powder). Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and average daily consumption were evaluated using standard procedures. Results: Feed intake and feed conversion ratio of animals fed R0 and R7 rations were significantly improved. Animals fed R1 ration had a significantly lower mean value for feed conversion ratio (1.83 g) and feed intake (1.67 g) respectively. Live weight (2432.54 g), total weight gain (1644.90 g), average daily feed intake (109.06 g) and dressed weight (1404.25 g) were significantly higher for rabbits fed R1 ration. Relative weights of organs of animals fed R4 ration were significantly higher. Conclusion: Feeding rabbits with R1 diet significantly improved growth performance.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted at Dabagi Farm of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto （13~I＇N and 5~15＇ E）, in the Semi-arid of Nigeria, during 2007 and 2008 rainy seasons to determine the effect of sowing me...Field experiments were conducted at Dabagi Farm of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto （13~I＇N and 5~15＇ E）, in the Semi-arid of Nigeria, during 2007 and 2008 rainy seasons to determine the effect of sowing methods on growth and fodder yield of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano. Three sowing methods （dibbling, broadcasting and drilling） were investigated. The experimental design adopted for the study was the randomized complete block design （RCBD） replicated three times. The parameters monitored included plant height （cm）, leaf length （cm）, leaf width （cm）, number of leaves, canopy spread （cm）, stand count and herbage yield. Samples were randomly taken and marked for the measurement of the parameters at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks after sowing （WAS）. Herbage yield （kg hal） was determined at the end of the 14th week. Result of the study revealed that the sowing methods had significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on growth parameters at 2 to 14 WAS in 2007, 2008 and in their combined analysis. Dry matter yield differed （P 〈 0.05） significantly. Dibbling method produced plants that were taller, longer, with wider canopy spread and leaves as well as more leaves and stands （P 〈 0.05）. The year 2007 produced taller plants, longer, wider canopy spread and leaves as well as more leaves and stands （P 〈 0.05） in all the weeks compared to the year 2008. It was therefore concluded from the results of this study that dibbling method of sowing was the best for Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano production at 50 ~ 50 cm inter and intra-row spacing in the semi-arid of Sokoto agro-ecology in northwestern Nigeria, presumably due to low competition for scarce moisture and creation of more space in this sowing method.展开更多
In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research ...In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FAAS) and the Microbiology and Anti-Microbial Research Unite of the University of Dschang on 72 cavies aged between 4 and 5 months and weighing an average of 450 ± 50 g produced on the farm, including 60 females and 12 males. The females were distributed according to a completely randomized factorial design in twelve (12) rearing boxes numbered G1 to G12, with 15 females per group distributed in 03 boxes and receiving iso-nitrogenated experimental diet (18% protein) R0 enriched with 20% of Stylosanthes guianensis (0% garlic powder), R0.25 (0.25% garlic powder), R0.50 (0.50% garlic powder) and R0.75 (0.75% garlic powder). Females were identified by numbered ear tags and mated with a sex ratio of 5 females for 1 male. Drinking water enriched with vitamin C (01 tablet of 240 mg in 1.5 liters of water) was served ad libitum and renewed daily. The males were removed after 31 days. A form was established to record the weight of each pregnant female, any abortions during gestation, the date of parturition and the date of birth of each newborn, as well as the number of live-born or stillborn pups. After parturition, the weights of female and newborn cavies were recorded weekly until the 3<sup>rd</sup> week. The number of cavies that died before weaning and the number of live weaned cavies were also recorded. Reproductive performance significantly increased (p 0.05) fertility rate and net fertility rate, litter size, birth viability rate, and pre-weaning viability rate with rations containing garlic powder, compared to the control ration, especially with the R0.50 ration. In addition, birth mortality and pre-weaning mortality were significantly lower (p 0.05) with rations containing the additive, compared to those of the control ration (R0). However, the R0.50 ration showed the lowest rates, followed by the R0.25 ration, and finally the R0.75 ration. Weight development of young cavies increased with all rations but was more marked with the R0.50 ration. Only total weight gain (TG) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in the pre-weaning phase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with rations R0.25 and R0.50.展开更多
The aim of this study was to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in the root and shoot crude extracts and fractions from the forage grass Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga and t...The aim of this study was to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in the root and shoot crude extracts and fractions from the forage grass Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga and to evaluate the allelopathic effect of these metabolites on forage legumes for intercropping. Phytochemical prospecting analyses, 1H NMR and capillary electrophoresis were performed on extracts of U. humidicola. Allelopathic activity was evaluated in germination of Stylosanthes, Macrotyloma axillare and Lactuca sativa L. (standard) in the presence of crude extracts, isolated saponins, flavonoids and trans-cinnamic acid. The metabolite classes present in the extracts could be determined by the combined use of the tested analytical techniques, but their use alone was usually not sufficient to chemically characterize the species. Capillary electrophoresis was effective in detecting phenolic compounds. Macrotyloma axillare was tolerant to crude extracts of U. humidicola. Saponins and trans-cinnamic acid, but not the flavonoids, reduced germination of the target plants.展开更多
The main problem of maize plantations is the attack of Striga asiatica in the poor soil,leading to the reduction of maize yield.The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF)helps the host plants to fight against the attack of...The main problem of maize plantations is the attack of Striga asiatica in the poor soil,leading to the reduction of maize yield.The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF)helps the host plants to fight against the attack of biotic stress,increasing the water and their nutrients elements.The objective of this study was to enhance maize production,particularly Plata maize variety,by restoring the AMF in soil under Striga asiatica infestation.During 3 years period from 2016 to 2019,three cropping systems were installed on an experimental field of FOFIFA station,Madagascar,using Mulch-based-Cropping System(MCS)of Stylosanthes,and Green Cover System(GCS)using Vigna unguiculata and a Control Plot(CP).A laboratory study was also conducted to determine the mycorrhizal rate in maize roots.The best results on root mycorrhization were found in MCS 16.53%and in GCS 11.65%against 2.01%for the CP.The average number of Striga asiatica plants per plot(100 m^(2) areas)emerging soil was 1 for MCS,3 for GCS,and 15 for CP.The yield production for MCS,GCS,and CP was respectively 4.43 t/ha,2.56 t/ha,and 1.40 t/ha.The high roots colonization mycorrhizal of 16.53%reduces the average Striga asiatica plants number emerging 1 per 100 m^(2) and increases maize grain production by 4.43 t/ha for MCS.The use of MCS of Stylosanthes is the best way to increase the maize yield,reduce Striga plants emerging,and improve the AMF restoration in maize culture.展开更多
文摘Background: The sustainability of animal production system depends mostly on feed management. Therefore, the combination of local leguminous forage as source of protein and ginger as phytobiotics can be one of the safe ways to attain this goal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger meal associated with ration containing local protein sources Desmodium intortum and/or Stylosanthes guianensis on growth performance in rabbits. Method: A total of 64 young rabbits (32 males and 32 females) with an average weight of 1000 ± 200 g were used. There were randomly assigned to 8 experimental diets in a complete randomized designed with 8 rabbits per treatment and each rabbit serving as an experimental unit. From the control diet R0 (basal diet without legumes and phytobiotic) and 7 other diets (treatment): R1(basal diet without legumes + 1% ginger powder), R2 (basal diet + 20% S. guianensis + 1% ginger meal), R3 (basal diet + 20% D. intortum + 1% ginger powder), R4 (basal diet + 20% D. intortum + 0% ginger powder), R5 (basal diet + 20% S. guianensis + 0% ginger powder), R6 (basal diet + 10% D. intortum + 10% S. guianensis + 0% ginger powder) R7 (basal diet + 10% D. intortum + 10% S. guianensis + 1% ginger powder). Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and average daily consumption were evaluated using standard procedures. Results: Feed intake and feed conversion ratio of animals fed R0 and R7 rations were significantly improved. Animals fed R1 ration had a significantly lower mean value for feed conversion ratio (1.83 g) and feed intake (1.67 g) respectively. Live weight (2432.54 g), total weight gain (1644.90 g), average daily feed intake (109.06 g) and dressed weight (1404.25 g) were significantly higher for rabbits fed R1 ration. Relative weights of organs of animals fed R4 ration were significantly higher. Conclusion: Feeding rabbits with R1 diet significantly improved growth performance.
文摘Field experiments were conducted at Dabagi Farm of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto （13~I＇N and 5~15＇ E）, in the Semi-arid of Nigeria, during 2007 and 2008 rainy seasons to determine the effect of sowing methods on growth and fodder yield of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano. Three sowing methods （dibbling, broadcasting and drilling） were investigated. The experimental design adopted for the study was the randomized complete block design （RCBD） replicated three times. The parameters monitored included plant height （cm）, leaf length （cm）, leaf width （cm）, number of leaves, canopy spread （cm）, stand count and herbage yield. Samples were randomly taken and marked for the measurement of the parameters at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks after sowing （WAS）. Herbage yield （kg hal） was determined at the end of the 14th week. Result of the study revealed that the sowing methods had significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on growth parameters at 2 to 14 WAS in 2007, 2008 and in their combined analysis. Dry matter yield differed （P 〈 0.05） significantly. Dibbling method produced plants that were taller, longer, with wider canopy spread and leaves as well as more leaves and stands （P 〈 0.05）. The year 2007 produced taller plants, longer, wider canopy spread and leaves as well as more leaves and stands （P 〈 0.05） in all the weeks compared to the year 2008. It was therefore concluded from the results of this study that dibbling method of sowing was the best for Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano production at 50 ~ 50 cm inter and intra-row spacing in the semi-arid of Sokoto agro-ecology in northwestern Nigeria, presumably due to low competition for scarce moisture and creation of more space in this sowing method.
文摘In order to increase the productivity of the local cavies as a meat animal, a study was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022 at the Research and Experimental Farm, Animal Nutrition and Production Research Unit of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FAAS) and the Microbiology and Anti-Microbial Research Unite of the University of Dschang on 72 cavies aged between 4 and 5 months and weighing an average of 450 ± 50 g produced on the farm, including 60 females and 12 males. The females were distributed according to a completely randomized factorial design in twelve (12) rearing boxes numbered G1 to G12, with 15 females per group distributed in 03 boxes and receiving iso-nitrogenated experimental diet (18% protein) R0 enriched with 20% of Stylosanthes guianensis (0% garlic powder), R0.25 (0.25% garlic powder), R0.50 (0.50% garlic powder) and R0.75 (0.75% garlic powder). Females were identified by numbered ear tags and mated with a sex ratio of 5 females for 1 male. Drinking water enriched with vitamin C (01 tablet of 240 mg in 1.5 liters of water) was served ad libitum and renewed daily. The males were removed after 31 days. A form was established to record the weight of each pregnant female, any abortions during gestation, the date of parturition and the date of birth of each newborn, as well as the number of live-born or stillborn pups. After parturition, the weights of female and newborn cavies were recorded weekly until the 3<sup>rd</sup> week. The number of cavies that died before weaning and the number of live weaned cavies were also recorded. Reproductive performance significantly increased (p 0.05) fertility rate and net fertility rate, litter size, birth viability rate, and pre-weaning viability rate with rations containing garlic powder, compared to the control ration, especially with the R0.50 ration. In addition, birth mortality and pre-weaning mortality were significantly lower (p 0.05) with rations containing the additive, compared to those of the control ration (R0). However, the R0.50 ration showed the lowest rates, followed by the R0.25 ration, and finally the R0.75 ration. Weight development of young cavies increased with all rations but was more marked with the R0.50 ration. Only total weight gain (TG) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in the pre-weaning phase were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with rations R0.25 and R0.50.
文摘The aim of this study was to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in the root and shoot crude extracts and fractions from the forage grass Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga and to evaluate the allelopathic effect of these metabolites on forage legumes for intercropping. Phytochemical prospecting analyses, 1H NMR and capillary electrophoresis were performed on extracts of U. humidicola. Allelopathic activity was evaluated in germination of Stylosanthes, Macrotyloma axillare and Lactuca sativa L. (standard) in the presence of crude extracts, isolated saponins, flavonoids and trans-cinnamic acid. The metabolite classes present in the extracts could be determined by the combined use of the tested analytical techniques, but their use alone was usually not sufficient to chemically characterize the species. Capillary electrophoresis was effective in detecting phenolic compounds. Macrotyloma axillare was tolerant to crude extracts of U. humidicola. Saponins and trans-cinnamic acid, but not the flavonoids, reduced germination of the target plants.
文摘The main problem of maize plantations is the attack of Striga asiatica in the poor soil,leading to the reduction of maize yield.The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF)helps the host plants to fight against the attack of biotic stress,increasing the water and their nutrients elements.The objective of this study was to enhance maize production,particularly Plata maize variety,by restoring the AMF in soil under Striga asiatica infestation.During 3 years period from 2016 to 2019,three cropping systems were installed on an experimental field of FOFIFA station,Madagascar,using Mulch-based-Cropping System(MCS)of Stylosanthes,and Green Cover System(GCS)using Vigna unguiculata and a Control Plot(CP).A laboratory study was also conducted to determine the mycorrhizal rate in maize roots.The best results on root mycorrhization were found in MCS 16.53%and in GCS 11.65%against 2.01%for the CP.The average number of Striga asiatica plants per plot(100 m^(2) areas)emerging soil was 1 for MCS,3 for GCS,and 15 for CP.The yield production for MCS,GCS,and CP was respectively 4.43 t/ha,2.56 t/ha,and 1.40 t/ha.The high roots colonization mycorrhizal of 16.53%reduces the average Striga asiatica plants number emerging 1 per 100 m^(2) and increases maize grain production by 4.43 t/ha for MCS.The use of MCS of Stylosanthes is the best way to increase the maize yield,reduce Striga plants emerging,and improve the AMF restoration in maize culture.
