Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resist...Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in both regions, subclinical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, bacteria isolated and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from both regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%;LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%;LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptible nor resistant) to antibiotics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antibiotic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antibiotics, especially in the HARA region, which may possibly jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.展开更多
Sub clinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) is characterized by normal free thyroid hormone concentrations along with a low or undetectable serum TSH (thyrotropin) level. The increased use of TSH as a screening measure and imp...Sub clinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) is characterized by normal free thyroid hormone concentrations along with a low or undetectable serum TSH (thyrotropin) level. The increased use of TSH as a screening measure and improved assay sensitivity is contributing to the diagnosis of sub clinical hyperthyroidism more frequently than ever in our clinical practise leading to the increased prevalence of the disease. The significance of SCH remains uncertain for most patients as some will revert to normal thyroid status over time whereas others will either remain static or progress to overt thyroid disease in the future. The detrimental effects of a persistently suppressed TSH has now been extensively studied and its effect on the cardiovascular system, the skeleton, mood disturbance, quality of life is quite significant leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. Majority of the patients are asymptomatic and lack overt features but the relevance of treatment is more focussed in elderly patients where the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia and loss of bone mineral density is much more than young people in whom a conservative approach is usually preferred. The issue is contentious, the situation is challenging and the benefits of treatment are debatable. The consensus for who, when and how to treat is growing but still hasn’t been universally accepted. We attempt to review the recent literature available for sub clinical hyperthyroidism and suggest an analytical approach to its investigations and management.展开更多
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by a triad made up of oral aphthosis, genital aphthosis and uveitis which may or may not be associated with visceral involvement. Other times de...Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by a triad made up of oral aphthosis, genital aphthosis and uveitis which may or may not be associated with visceral involvement. Other times described in the ancient silk road, BD is increasingly found in countries south of the Sahara with the mixing of populations. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of BD in an African country. Methodology: This was a five-year retrospective study in the internal medicine department of Donka National Hospital. We used international criteria finding BD. Urinary dipstick was use for finding kidney disease. Result: During the period, five cases of Behçet’s disease were collected. The average age was 35 years old. The male sex was more represented with 3 out of 5 cases. The most common clinical manifestation was oral aphthosis in all patients (100%), followed by genital aphthosis in 4 cases (80%). The other clinical manifestations observed were uveitis in 3 cases (60%), joint manifestations such as arthralgia in 3 cases (60%) and neurological manifestations such as chronic headache in one case (20%). HLA-B51 was found in two cases. The pattergic test done in two patients came back positive (100%). The patients received colchicine and oral corticosteroid therapy. Two patients were lost to sight. We deplored a death probably in a neuro-Behçet table before the rebellious headaches. Conclusion: Behçet’s disease is a multi-systemic vasculitis that must be evoked and managed quickly in a tropical environment, especially since the prognosis, vital and functional prognosis can be engaged.展开更多
Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is also the most common complication in hospitalized patients. Aims:?To?study the in-hospital prevalence of VTE, descr...Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is also the most common complication in hospitalized patients. Aims:?To?study the in-hospital prevalence of VTE, describe the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, determine the frequency of risk factors, describe the clinical presentations, and determine the short term outcome of VTE in hospitalized patients in a low-income tertiary hospital setting.?Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive retrospective study over a period of 6 years and 4 months (January 2008 to April 2014) in the Douala General Hospital—Cameroon. Patients were cases of confirmed venous thromboembolic disease (VTE).?Results: A total of 78 case files were retained for this study, giving an in-hospital prevalence of 4.4 per 1000 admissions. There were 42 (53.8%) males and 36 (46.1%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 89 years (median: 53 years, [IQR: 40?-?61]).?There were 37 (47.4%) cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), 31 (39.7%) cases of Pulmonary Embolism (PE), and 10 (12.8%) cases of PE associated with DVT (12.8%). The main risk factors were obesity (44.9%), hypertension (37.2%), immobility (20.5%), and long-haul travel (17.9%). The most frequent clinical presentations in PE were dyspnea (80.5%) and chest pain (65.9%). There were 8 (10%) in-hospital deaths. Conclusion: About twelve cases of VTE are seen yearly at the DGH, with an in-hospital mortality of ten percent. Obesity and hypertension were the main risk factors, with dyspnea and chest pain being the main clinical manifestations in PE, and lower limb swelling the main symptom in DVT.展开更多
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic is a public health emergency characterized by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has many clinical forms and affects all age groups. Despite the magnitude of this pandem...Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic is a public health emergency characterized by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has many clinical forms and affects all age groups. Despite the magnitude of this pandemic, data from pediatric cohorts in Cameroon remain sparse. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of Covid-19 in the pediatric population of the Nkolndongo health district. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 5 months from January to May 2021 and covered a period of 9 months (March to December 2020). All patients aged 0 to 19 years, suspected of having Covid-19, confirmed by real-time RT-PCR targeting the N and ORF1 ab viral genes and managed in the Nkolndongo health district were included. The results were analyzed using IBM SPSS.23.0 software and the data expressed as frequencies, percentages, and means. The threshold of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: This study revealed that 48 patients out of 154 suspected cases were tested positive. The most affected age group was adolescents aged 13 - 19 years (92.85%). The most frequent symptoms were cough (33%), fever (42%) and nasal discharge (25%). Infants were the least affected. 58% of patients were asymptomatic, 47.91% were in mild stage, 8.33% in moderate stage and 4.16% in severe stage. All the children tested positive survived. Patients with comorbidity were 20 times more likely to develop moderate to severe clinical forms, this being statistically significant. Conclusion: The clinical presentation reported mainly fever, cough and anterior nasal discharge. There was a significant association between the presence of comorbidity and the moderate to severe degrees of severity.展开更多
本试验随机选取南宁地区2个奶牛场41头黑白花奶牛进行奶牛酮病的监测研究,试验采用rothera法和水杨醛比色法分别定性和定量检测酮体,采用邻甲苯胺法定量检测血糖。结果表明:①甲奶牛场隐性酮病发生率、可疑隐性酮病发生率分别为20%和15%...本试验随机选取南宁地区2个奶牛场41头黑白花奶牛进行奶牛酮病的监测研究,试验采用rothera法和水杨醛比色法分别定性和定量检测酮体,采用邻甲苯胺法定量检测血糖。结果表明:①甲奶牛场隐性酮病发生率、可疑隐性酮病发生率分别为20%和15%,乙奶牛场均为零。②甲奶牛场血酮、乳酮、血糖的含量分别为31.1±22.2、78.1±47.2及645.2±79.6 m g/L;乙奶牛场的分别为17.5±8.9、42.6±18.6及637±54.7 m g/L。乳酮及血酮含量在2奶牛场间均存在着极显著差异(P<0.01);而血糖均在正常值范围,两牛场间差异不显著(P>0.05)。最后还讨论分析了奶牛日粮营养,分析发现甲奶牛场日粮粗纤维含量严重不足。展开更多
文摘Mastitis, antimicrobial resistance and acaricide resistance pose significant threats to the development of the dairy industry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from CMT positive cows on farms located in high (HARA) and low (LARA) acaricide resistance challenge regions of Uganda. Among selected herds in both regions, subclinical mastitis (SCM) screening was performed using CMT. CMT positive samples were collected, cultured, bacteria isolated and antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted. Overall, the prevalence of SCM in cows was 71.5% and 27.7% for HARA and LARA respectively. A SCM herd prevalence of 66.3% and 28.2% was recorded for HARA and LARA respectively. Furthermore, 67.5% and 20.8% of the cows in the HARA and LARA groups, respectively, had three out of four udder quarters infected with SCM. Staphylococcus aureus (44.2%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (47.6%) were the most prevalent causative agents of SCM isolated from cows from HARA and LARA, respectively. Most isolates from both regions were highly resistant to penicillin (HARA, 84.3%;LARA, 95.6%) and colistin (HARA, 100%;LARA, 97.8%). Tetracycline (77.1%) and oxacillin (76.1%) resistance was high in isolates from HARA and LARA, respectively. Intermediate responses (neither susceptible nor resistant) to antibiotics were more common in isolates from HARA than in those from LARA. With this level of antibiotic resistance, there is a potential risk of failure to control mastitis in dairy cattle using antibiotics, especially in the HARA region, which may possibly jeopardize the growth of the dairy industry in Uganda.
文摘Sub clinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) is characterized by normal free thyroid hormone concentrations along with a low or undetectable serum TSH (thyrotropin) level. The increased use of TSH as a screening measure and improved assay sensitivity is contributing to the diagnosis of sub clinical hyperthyroidism more frequently than ever in our clinical practise leading to the increased prevalence of the disease. The significance of SCH remains uncertain for most patients as some will revert to normal thyroid status over time whereas others will either remain static or progress to overt thyroid disease in the future. The detrimental effects of a persistently suppressed TSH has now been extensively studied and its effect on the cardiovascular system, the skeleton, mood disturbance, quality of life is quite significant leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. Majority of the patients are asymptomatic and lack overt features but the relevance of treatment is more focussed in elderly patients where the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia and loss of bone mineral density is much more than young people in whom a conservative approach is usually preferred. The issue is contentious, the situation is challenging and the benefits of treatment are debatable. The consensus for who, when and how to treat is growing but still hasn’t been universally accepted. We attempt to review the recent literature available for sub clinical hyperthyroidism and suggest an analytical approach to its investigations and management.
文摘Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by a triad made up of oral aphthosis, genital aphthosis and uveitis which may or may not be associated with visceral involvement. Other times described in the ancient silk road, BD is increasingly found in countries south of the Sahara with the mixing of populations. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of BD in an African country. Methodology: This was a five-year retrospective study in the internal medicine department of Donka National Hospital. We used international criteria finding BD. Urinary dipstick was use for finding kidney disease. Result: During the period, five cases of Behçet’s disease were collected. The average age was 35 years old. The male sex was more represented with 3 out of 5 cases. The most common clinical manifestation was oral aphthosis in all patients (100%), followed by genital aphthosis in 4 cases (80%). The other clinical manifestations observed were uveitis in 3 cases (60%), joint manifestations such as arthralgia in 3 cases (60%) and neurological manifestations such as chronic headache in one case (20%). HLA-B51 was found in two cases. The pattergic test done in two patients came back positive (100%). The patients received colchicine and oral corticosteroid therapy. Two patients were lost to sight. We deplored a death probably in a neuro-Behçet table before the rebellious headaches. Conclusion: Behçet’s disease is a multi-systemic vasculitis that must be evoked and managed quickly in a tropical environment, especially since the prognosis, vital and functional prognosis can be engaged.
文摘Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is also the most common complication in hospitalized patients. Aims:?To?study the in-hospital prevalence of VTE, describe the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, determine the frequency of risk factors, describe the clinical presentations, and determine the short term outcome of VTE in hospitalized patients in a low-income tertiary hospital setting.?Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive retrospective study over a period of 6 years and 4 months (January 2008 to April 2014) in the Douala General Hospital—Cameroon. Patients were cases of confirmed venous thromboembolic disease (VTE).?Results: A total of 78 case files were retained for this study, giving an in-hospital prevalence of 4.4 per 1000 admissions. There were 42 (53.8%) males and 36 (46.1%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 89 years (median: 53 years, [IQR: 40?-?61]).?There were 37 (47.4%) cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), 31 (39.7%) cases of Pulmonary Embolism (PE), and 10 (12.8%) cases of PE associated with DVT (12.8%). The main risk factors were obesity (44.9%), hypertension (37.2%), immobility (20.5%), and long-haul travel (17.9%). The most frequent clinical presentations in PE were dyspnea (80.5%) and chest pain (65.9%). There were 8 (10%) in-hospital deaths. Conclusion: About twelve cases of VTE are seen yearly at the DGH, with an in-hospital mortality of ten percent. Obesity and hypertension were the main risk factors, with dyspnea and chest pain being the main clinical manifestations in PE, and lower limb swelling the main symptom in DVT.
文摘Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic is a public health emergency characterized by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has many clinical forms and affects all age groups. Despite the magnitude of this pandemic, data from pediatric cohorts in Cameroon remain sparse. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of Covid-19 in the pediatric population of the Nkolndongo health district. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a duration of 5 months from January to May 2021 and covered a period of 9 months (March to December 2020). All patients aged 0 to 19 years, suspected of having Covid-19, confirmed by real-time RT-PCR targeting the N and ORF1 ab viral genes and managed in the Nkolndongo health district were included. The results were analyzed using IBM SPSS.23.0 software and the data expressed as frequencies, percentages, and means. The threshold of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: This study revealed that 48 patients out of 154 suspected cases were tested positive. The most affected age group was adolescents aged 13 - 19 years (92.85%). The most frequent symptoms were cough (33%), fever (42%) and nasal discharge (25%). Infants were the least affected. 58% of patients were asymptomatic, 47.91% were in mild stage, 8.33% in moderate stage and 4.16% in severe stage. All the children tested positive survived. Patients with comorbidity were 20 times more likely to develop moderate to severe clinical forms, this being statistically significant. Conclusion: The clinical presentation reported mainly fever, cough and anterior nasal discharge. There was a significant association between the presence of comorbidity and the moderate to severe degrees of severity.
文摘本试验随机选取南宁地区2个奶牛场41头黑白花奶牛进行奶牛酮病的监测研究,试验采用rothera法和水杨醛比色法分别定性和定量检测酮体,采用邻甲苯胺法定量检测血糖。结果表明:①甲奶牛场隐性酮病发生率、可疑隐性酮病发生率分别为20%和15%,乙奶牛场均为零。②甲奶牛场血酮、乳酮、血糖的含量分别为31.1±22.2、78.1±47.2及645.2±79.6 m g/L;乙奶牛场的分别为17.5±8.9、42.6±18.6及637±54.7 m g/L。乳酮及血酮含量在2奶牛场间均存在着极显著差异(P<0.01);而血糖均在正常值范围,两牛场间差异不显著(P>0.05)。最后还讨论分析了奶牛日粮营养,分析发现甲奶牛场日粮粗纤维含量严重不足。
