To improve drying uniformity and anthocyanin content of the raspberry puree dried in a continuous microwave dryer,the effects of process parameters(microwave intensity,air velocity,and drying time)on evaluation indexe...To improve drying uniformity and anthocyanin content of the raspberry puree dried in a continuous microwave dryer,the effects of process parameters(microwave intensity,air velocity,and drying time)on evaluation indexes(average temperature,average moisture content,average retention rate of the total anthocyanin content,temperature contrast value,and moisture dispersion value)were investigated via the response surface method(RSM)and the artificial neural network(ANN)with genetic algorithm(GA).The results showed that the microwave intensity and drying time dominated the changes of evaluation indexes.Overall,the ANN model was superior to the RSM model with better estimation ability,and higher drying uniformity and anthocyanin retention rate were achieved for the ANN-GA model compared with RSM.The optimal parameters were microwave intensity of 5.53 W•g^(-1),air velocity of 1.22 m·s^(-1),and drying time of 5.85 min.This study might provide guidance for process optimization of microwave drying berry fruits.展开更多
SAPO-34 catalyst with plate-like morphology was designed and synthesized for the first time, by the dry gel conversion method using cheap triethylamine as a structure-directing agent assisted with seed suspension cont...SAPO-34 catalyst with plate-like morphology was designed and synthesized for the first time, by the dry gel conversion method using cheap triethylamine as a structure-directing agent assisted with seed suspension containing nanosheet-like SAPO-34 seed. The latter played an important role in formation of SAPO-34 （CHA-type） with plate-like morphology. In addition, the yield of the product in the synthesis system containing seed suspension reached 97%, 15% higher than that obtained in the corre- sponding synthesis system without the seed suspension. Meanwhile, the plate-like SAPO-34 catalysts synthesized by this method exhibited higher selectivity to light olefins and longer lifetime in methanol-to-olefins （MTO） reaction than the traditional cubic SAPO-34 catalyst. This work provides a new technical route for green and efficient synthesis of SAPO-34 catalysts with improved MTO performance.展开更多
Aluminium powders were introduced to Al2O3-SiC-C dry ramming mixes in order to improve sintering properties and oxidation resistance according to their service conditions and installation methods. Properties such as b...Aluminium powders were introduced to Al2O3-SiC-C dry ramming mixes in order to improve sintering properties and oxidation resistance according to their service conditions and installation methods. Properties such as bulk density, porosity, modulus of rupture, crushing strength and hot modulus of rupture as a function of aluminium addition were investigated in the present work. The microstructure and thermodynamics for the heat treated specimens were also analyzed. The results show that as aluminium addition increasing, the bulk density of the specimen treated at 220℃ tends to decrease and the apparent porosity increases, the strength of the specimens treated at 1100℃ and 1450℃ increases markedly, the bulk density tends to increase, apparent porosity and linear shrinkage decrease. The HMOR at 1400℃ is enhanced from 1.0 MPa to 3.5 MPa with 3% aluminium. Aluminium is served as sintering agent and anti-oxidant and it will react with CO and CO2 forming Al2O3 , which is helpful to enhance the strength, densify the structure and improve the overall properties.展开更多
A two-year study in a typical red soil region of Southern China was conductedto determine 1) the dry deposition velocity (V_d) for SO_2 and particulate SO_4^(2-) above abroadleaf forest, and 2) atmospheric sulfur flux...A two-year study in a typical red soil region of Southern China was conductedto determine 1) the dry deposition velocity (V_d) for SO_2 and particulate SO_4^(2-) above abroadleaf forest, and 2) atmospheric sulfur fluxes so as to estimate the contribution of variousfractions in the total. Using a resistance model based on continuous hourly meteorological data,atmospheric dry sulfur deposition in a forest was estimated according to V_d and concentrations ofboth atmospheric SO_2 and particulate SO_4^(2-). Meanwhile, wet S deposition was estimated based onrainfall and sulfate concentrations in the rainwater. Results showed that about 99% of the drysulfur deposition flux in the forest resulted from SO_2 dry deposition. In addition, the observeddry S deposition was greater in 2002 than in 2000 because of a higher average concentration of SO_2in 2002 than in 2000 and not because of the average dry deposition velocity which was lower for SO_2in 2002. Also, dry SO_2 deposition was the dominant fraction of deposited atmospheric sulfur inforests, contributing over 69% of the total annual sulfur deposition. Thus, dry SO_2 depositionshould be considered when estimating sulfur balance in forest ecological systems.展开更多
In this article the structure and properties of freeze-dried porous silk fibroin materials were tested and analyzed.The results indicated that for porous silk fibroin materials prepared by means of freeze-drying,if fr...In this article the structure and properties of freeze-dried porous silk fibroin materials were tested and analyzed.The results indicated that for porous silk fibroin materials prepared by means of freeze-drying,if freez-ing temperature was below —20℃,the structure of silk fibroin was mainly amorphous with a little silk Ⅱ crystal structure,and if freezing temperature was above —20℃,quite a lot of silk Ⅰ crystal structure formed.Porous silk fibroin materials,with average pore diameter be-展开更多
Recent studies have shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in the dorsal root ganglion mediate itch in experimental allergic contact dermatitis （ACD）. CXCR3 in the spinal cord also con- tribut...Recent studies have shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in the dorsal root ganglion mediate itch in experimental allergic contact dermatitis （ACD）. CXCR3 in the spinal cord also con- tributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, whether spinal CXCR3 is involved in acute or chronic itch remains unclear. Here, we report that Cxcr3-/- mice showed normal scratching in acute itch models but reduced scratching in chronic itch models of dry skin and ACD. In contrast, both formalin-induced acute pain and complete Freund＇s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain were reduced in Cxcr3-/- mice. In addition, the expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 was increased in the spinal cord in the dry skin model induced by acetone and diethyl ether followed by water （AEW）. Intrathecal injection of a CXCR3 antagonist alleviated AEW-induced itch. Further- more, touch-elicited itch （alloknesis） after compound 48/80 or AEW treatment was suppressed in Cxcr3-/- mice. Finally, AEW-induced astrocyte activation was inhibited in Cxcr3-/- mice. Taken together, these data suggest that spinal CXCR3 mediates chronic itch and alloknesis, and targeting CXCR3 may provide effective treatment for chronic pruritus.展开更多
At the global scale,atmospheric inputs of nitrogen are an important source of the new nitrogen that supports new marine production,especially in oligotrophic open oceans and marginal seas.This study reports quantities...At the global scale,atmospheric inputs of nitrogen are an important source of the new nitrogen that supports new marine production,especially in oligotrophic open oceans and marginal seas.This study reports quantities of atmospheric deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)to the largest marginal sea in the North Pacific(the oligotrophic South China Sea,SCS)based primarily on rainwater sampling in the open northwestern region(Yongxing Island)from 2013 to 2015,and aerosol sampling from the SCS basin in June 2017.Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of DIN and their potential contributions to productivity were estimated.The volume-weighted mean rainwater concentrations during the wet and dry seasons were 4.9 and 18.1μmol L-1 for N+N(NO3-+NO2-),and 5.7 and 4.0μmol L-1 for NH4+,respectively.Rainwater concentrations of DIN were lower in the marginal seas than in the open ocean.The aerosol NO3-concentration was 1.15±1.18μg m-3 during the wet season,which is slightly lower than reported for the East China Sea and East Sea,but higher than in the Arabian Sea.Monthly wet and dry deposition rates ranged from 0.4-3.9 and 0.4-1.2 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NO3-,and 0.2-1.3 and 0.01-0.02 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NH4+,respectively.The annual wet and dry deposition fluxes of DIN were estimated to be 16.8 and 10.1 mmol m-2yr-1,respectively.Compared to other marginal seas,the SCS receives less atmospheric NO3-inputs than the Yellow Sea,East China Sea,East Sea,and northeastern Mediterranean Sea.The total atmospheric DIN deposition may account for 1.8-11.1%of the nitrogen supporting new production and 0.7-1.8%of the nitrogen supporting primary production.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072352)。
文摘To improve drying uniformity and anthocyanin content of the raspberry puree dried in a continuous microwave dryer,the effects of process parameters(microwave intensity,air velocity,and drying time)on evaluation indexes(average temperature,average moisture content,average retention rate of the total anthocyanin content,temperature contrast value,and moisture dispersion value)were investigated via the response surface method(RSM)and the artificial neural network(ANN)with genetic algorithm(GA).The results showed that the microwave intensity and drying time dominated the changes of evaluation indexes.Overall,the ANN model was superior to the RSM model with better estimation ability,and higher drying uniformity and anthocyanin retention rate were achieved for the ANN-GA model compared with RSM.The optimal parameters were microwave intensity of 5.53 W•g^(-1),air velocity of 1.22 m·s^(-1),and drying time of 5.85 min.This study might provide guidance for process optimization of microwave drying berry fruits.
文摘SAPO-34 catalyst with plate-like morphology was designed and synthesized for the first time, by the dry gel conversion method using cheap triethylamine as a structure-directing agent assisted with seed suspension containing nanosheet-like SAPO-34 seed. The latter played an important role in formation of SAPO-34 （CHA-type） with plate-like morphology. In addition, the yield of the product in the synthesis system containing seed suspension reached 97%, 15% higher than that obtained in the corre- sponding synthesis system without the seed suspension. Meanwhile, the plate-like SAPO-34 catalysts synthesized by this method exhibited higher selectivity to light olefins and longer lifetime in methanol-to-olefins （MTO） reaction than the traditional cubic SAPO-34 catalyst. This work provides a new technical route for green and efficient synthesis of SAPO-34 catalysts with improved MTO performance.
文摘Aluminium powders were introduced to Al2O3-SiC-C dry ramming mixes in order to improve sintering properties and oxidation resistance according to their service conditions and installation methods. Properties such as bulk density, porosity, modulus of rupture, crushing strength and hot modulus of rupture as a function of aluminium addition were investigated in the present work. The microstructure and thermodynamics for the heat treated specimens were also analyzed. The results show that as aluminium addition increasing, the bulk density of the specimen treated at 220℃ tends to decrease and the apparent porosity increases, the strength of the specimens treated at 1100℃ and 1450℃ increases markedly, the bulk density tends to increase, apparent porosity and linear shrinkage decrease. The HMOR at 1400℃ is enhanced from 1.0 MPa to 3.5 MPa with 3% aluminium. Aluminium is served as sintering agent and anti-oxidant and it will react with CO and CO2 forming Al2O3 , which is helpful to enhance the strength, densify the structure and improve the overall properties.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No. 1999011805)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.ISSASIP0205) the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, C
文摘A two-year study in a typical red soil region of Southern China was conductedto determine 1) the dry deposition velocity (V_d) for SO_2 and particulate SO_4^(2-) above abroadleaf forest, and 2) atmospheric sulfur fluxes so as to estimate the contribution of variousfractions in the total. Using a resistance model based on continuous hourly meteorological data,atmospheric dry sulfur deposition in a forest was estimated according to V_d and concentrations ofboth atmospheric SO_2 and particulate SO_4^(2-). Meanwhile, wet S deposition was estimated based onrainfall and sulfate concentrations in the rainwater. Results showed that about 99% of the drysulfur deposition flux in the forest resulted from SO_2 dry deposition. In addition, the observeddry S deposition was greater in 2002 than in 2000 because of a higher average concentration of SO_2in 2002 than in 2000 and not because of the average dry deposition velocity which was lower for SO_2in 2002. Also, dry SO_2 deposition was the dominant fraction of deposited atmospheric sulfur inforests, contributing over 69% of the total annual sulfur deposition. Thus, dry SO_2 depositionshould be considered when estimating sulfur balance in forest ecological systems.
基金This work was supported by th National Advanced Materials Commlttee of China(NAMCC)
文摘In this article the structure and properties of freeze-dried porous silk fibroin materials were tested and analyzed.The results indicated that for porous silk fibroin materials prepared by means of freeze-drying,if freez-ing temperature was below —20℃,the structure of silk fibroin was mainly amorphous with a little silk Ⅱ crystal structure,and if freezing temperature was above —20℃,quite a lot of silk Ⅰ crystal structure formed.Porous silk fibroin materials,with average pore diameter be-
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371121,81300954,and 31671091)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Recent studies have shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in the dorsal root ganglion mediate itch in experimental allergic contact dermatitis （ACD）. CXCR3 in the spinal cord also con- tributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, whether spinal CXCR3 is involved in acute or chronic itch remains unclear. Here, we report that Cxcr3-/- mice showed normal scratching in acute itch models but reduced scratching in chronic itch models of dry skin and ACD. In contrast, both formalin-induced acute pain and complete Freund＇s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain were reduced in Cxcr3-/- mice. In addition, the expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 was increased in the spinal cord in the dry skin model induced by acetone and diethyl ether followed by water （AEW）. Intrathecal injection of a CXCR3 antagonist alleviated AEW-induced itch. Further- more, touch-elicited itch （alloknesis） after compound 48/80 or AEW treatment was suppressed in Cxcr3-/- mice. Finally, AEW-induced astrocyte activation was inhibited in Cxcr3-/- mice. Taken together, these data suggest that spinal CXCR3 mediates chronic itch and alloknesis, and targeting CXCR3 may provide effective treatment for chronic pruritus.
基金supported by the National Basic R&D Program of China(Grant No.2015CB954001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41876080)。
文摘At the global scale,atmospheric inputs of nitrogen are an important source of the new nitrogen that supports new marine production,especially in oligotrophic open oceans and marginal seas.This study reports quantities of atmospheric deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)to the largest marginal sea in the North Pacific(the oligotrophic South China Sea,SCS)based primarily on rainwater sampling in the open northwestern region(Yongxing Island)from 2013 to 2015,and aerosol sampling from the SCS basin in June 2017.Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of DIN and their potential contributions to productivity were estimated.The volume-weighted mean rainwater concentrations during the wet and dry seasons were 4.9 and 18.1μmol L-1 for N+N(NO3-+NO2-),and 5.7 and 4.0μmol L-1 for NH4+,respectively.Rainwater concentrations of DIN were lower in the marginal seas than in the open ocean.The aerosol NO3-concentration was 1.15±1.18μg m-3 during the wet season,which is slightly lower than reported for the East China Sea and East Sea,but higher than in the Arabian Sea.Monthly wet and dry deposition rates ranged from 0.4-3.9 and 0.4-1.2 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NO3-,and 0.2-1.3 and 0.01-0.02 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NH4+,respectively.The annual wet and dry deposition fluxes of DIN were estimated to be 16.8 and 10.1 mmol m-2yr-1,respectively.Compared to other marginal seas,the SCS receives less atmospheric NO3-inputs than the Yellow Sea,East China Sea,East Sea,and northeastern Mediterranean Sea.The total atmospheric DIN deposition may account for 1.8-11.1%of the nitrogen supporting new production and 0.7-1.8%of the nitrogen supporting primary production.
